RU2567772C1 - Fungicidal composition for protection of crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: fungicidal composition comprises synergistically effective amounts of diphenoconazole, flutriafol and substituted carboxylic acid amide. The substituted carboxylic acid amide is used as dimethyldecanamide, dimethyloctanamide or dimethylheptanamide at a ratio of diphenoconazole:flutriafol:substituted carboxylic acid amide equal to (1-10):(1-10):(3-30).

EFFECT: invention enables to improve the efficiency of crop protection against fungal diseases.

7 tbl, 4 ex

Description

The invention relates to the production of a fungicidal composition containing triazoles flutriafol and diphenoconazole as active compounds, and can be used to protect fruit trees, vineyards, vegetable and other agricultural crops from various diseases, including fungal diseases.

To achieve the maximum biological effect, the active ingredients contained in the preparative form must be combined with additives. As an additive, a component is used that increases the biological effectiveness of the active substance, however, it either does not have a biological effect together or has a very weak effect. Such an additive, first of all, promotes the absorption of the active substance by plant leaves, that is, it enhances the penetration of the active substance. The penetration enhancer of the active substance can be introduced directly into the composition of the corresponding preparation or it can be added to the working solution resulting from the dilution of the concentrated preparation. In the practical use of agrochemical products in order to avoid improper dosing, as well as to increase consumer confidence, it is more preferable to directly introduce an intensifier of penetration of the active substance into the composition of the corresponding drug.

Integrated plant protection systems currently use a number of relatively new drugs, published annually in the “List of pesticides and agrochemicals approved for use on the territory of the Russian Federation”. These include systemic fungicides, in particular, the class of azole - Skor, Rias, Title 390, Impact. These drugs, which have approximately the same high biological efficiency at low consumption rates, rapid degradation, belong to the third hazard class and therefore have found widespread use in agriculture and horticulture, are used mainly in the first half of plant vegetation.

As a result of scientific studies, it was found that, due to a small selection of systemic fungicides allowed for use, when returning to a fungicide of the same class of drugs that was previously used, which had previously shown high biological effectiveness, pathogens either completely lost their sensitivity to the fungicide or fungicides are effective for a short time .

Highly effective azole substances having fungicidal properties are known, such as 1- (4-fluorophenyl) -1- (2-fluorophenyl) -2- (1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) ethanol (flutriafol) of the formula (1 )

cis, trans-4- / 4-methyl-2- (1Η-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl) -1,3-dioxolan-2-yl / -3-chlorophenyl-4-chlorophenyl ether (diphenoconazole ) formulas (2),

(Reference. Pesticides and plant growth regulators, Melnikov NN et al., 1995. All these drugs are not effective enough against fungal diseases.

Known fungicidal mixture for combating phytopathogenic fungi, containing an effective amount of the active substance, which is a mixture of a) methyl ester of α-methoxyimino-2 - [(2-methylphenoxy) methyl] phenylacetic acid, b) 4- (2-methyl- 3- [4-tert, -butylphenyl] propyl) -2,6-dimethylmorpholine (fenpropimorph) further comprises component (c), which is an azole active substance selected from the group of flutriafol or diphenoconazole in a mass ratio of 10-1: 10- 1: 10-1 (US Pat. RF No. 2129371).

Closest to the claimed fungicidal composition for protecting plants from various diseases, including fungal ones, is a composition (US Pat. RF No. 2483541) containing synergistically effective amounts of at least one fungicidal compound selected from the group consisting of diphenoconazole, flutriafol, and intensifier - substituted carboxylic acid amide. Amide derivatives of carboxylic acids, which include the intensifier, do not actually show adequate protective effects against certain diseases, their residual effects are relatively short-term or their resistance to washing off is low, they do not provide a high degree of penetration of active substances into the plant.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a fungicidal composition having a synergistic fungicidal effect, improved penetration of the drug into the object of protection and, accordingly, an improved method of combating, in particular, phytopathogenic fungi.

The technical result when using the fungicidal composition proposed by the applicant for protecting crops, vineyards and fruit trees is to create a composition having a synergistic fungicidal effect and, accordingly, an improved method of combating phytopathogenic fungi by introducing an intensifier into the fungicidal composition and experimentally selected ratios of all components, a significant decrease in the resistance of fungal pathogens to systemic fungicides Ides leading to increased yields, improved crop quality.

The technical result is achieved by using a fungicidal composition containing synergistically effective amounts of diphenoconazole and flutriafol, a substituted carboxylic acid amide, with dimethyldecanamide, dimethyloctanamide or dimethylheptanamide being used at a ratio of diphenoconazole: flutriafol: substituted amide 1-10 ) :( 1-10) :( 3-30).

The inventive fungicidal composition can be used in various forms, for example, in the form of solutions for direct spraying, suspensions, including also concentrated aqueous, or any other suspensions, or in the form of microemulsions, and for processing using a variety of methods, such as spraying, droplet spraying or spraying. These forms and methods are determined by the purpose of application, but in all cases, the most uniform and subtle distribution of the active substances described by the invention should be ensured.

The composition is prepared according to the usual method, for example, by mixing all components, including solvents and / or excipients, if necessary using emulsifiers and dispersants, and in the case of using water as a diluent, other organic solvents can also be introduced as auxiliary agents to promote solubility.

Of particular importance, the claimed composition is for combating a number of fungi that affect crops, in particular vineyards, various fruit trees, vegetables.

The inventive compositions are effective, in particular, for controlling the following plant diseases: powdery mildew, cercosporosis, fomosis, alternaria on sugar beet, oidium, mildew, gray rot, black spotting in the vineyard, scab, penicillosis rot, alternaria, storage cladosporiosis , scab, phylloctictosis, fruit rot on an apple tree, ascokhinosis, soybean anthracnose, rust, powdery mildew of peas, rice pyriculariosis.

The composition of the present invention is effective for controlling the above various harmful fungi and, thus, is effective as a preventive and / or therapeutic agent for controlling various diseases. In particular, the composition of the present invention is effective in controlling various diseases that cause problems in horticulture, melanosis or citrus scab; fruit tree moniliosis, powdery mildew, melanosis, leaf spot or scab of apple trees; scab or black spotting of a pear; brown rot, scab or rot of peaches; Anthracnose, glomerular rot, leaf spot, swelling of the sleeves of the vine, powdery mildew or downy mildew of the vine.

EXAMPLE 1. SYNERGETIC COMPOSITIONS OF FUNGICIDAL COMPOSITION

Test procedure: An experimental study of the fungicidal and fungistatic activity of the mixtures was carried out in an artificial climate laboratory using Septoria spp mushroom isolates. and Alternaria spp. The drugs were introduced into a potato-agar medium.

The composition of the medium: Potato broth (200 g / l), Sucrose 15 g / l, Agar 20 g / l.

Sowing isolates Septoria spp. And Alternaria spp. was carried out by die cuts with a diameter of 0.5 mm in Petri dishes on a layer of medium.

Growing conditions: in a thermostat at a temperature of 22 ° C.

Accounting for growth was carried out on the 7th day from the moment of sowing by measuring the diameter of the mycelium.

The fungal growth rate was calculated as the ratio of the diameter of the mycelium growth in the experimental version to the control, expressed in%.

The fungistatic activity of preparations and mixtures of preparations was calculated by the following formula: 100% - (growth rate).

Repeatability is 4 times.

The expected efficacies E _Waiting. calculated by the Abbott-Colby formula

, $${\text{E}}_{\text{expectation}}=\text{A}+\text{B}-\frac{\text{A}\times \text{B}}{\text{one hundred}}$$

,

where A and B are the efficacy for separately applied fungicides.

If the ratio between experimentally observed effectiveness (E _exp. ) And expected efficiency (E _expect ) is a synergistic factor (SF) - more than 1, the mixture exhibits a synergistic effect

This synergistic effect guarantees increased reliability in the fight against diseases of crops, leading to a significant reduction in the amount of active component required to achieve the same biological effect, or to maintain the consumption rate of the active substance while increasing biological efficiency. The results are presented in table 1 and 2.

EXAMPLE 2. Determination of penetration through the cuticle of various combinations of fungicidal compositions.

Experimental methodology: the efficiency of penetration of active substances was determined depending on the composition of the preparations through a cuticle enzymatically separated from the leaves of an apple tree using a Franz diffusion cell.

Preparation of the cuticle from the leaves of the apple tree: fully developed leaves of the apple tree were used, the separation of the cuticle from the leaves was carried out as follows: leaf-disc samples cut by a stamp were impregnated with pectinase solution by vacuum filtration, then sodium azide was added and the samples processed in the above manner in the form of discs were kept until destruction initial leaf structure and exfoliation of the acellular cuticle.

For subsequent tests, only cuticles from the upper sides of the leaves without stomatal crevices and hairs were used. They were washed several times alternately with water and a buffer solution with a pH value of 7. The purified cuticles were placed on Teflon plates and subjected to leveling and drying in a weak stream of air. The cuticle membranes prepared in this way were placed in diffusion cells (chambers) intended for studying transmembrane transport of active substances. In this case, the cuticles were laid with tweezers in the middle of diffusion cells with silicone-coated edges, which were hermetically sealed with a ring equipped with a similar lubricant. The cuticles were laid in such a way that their outer side was turned outward, and the original inner side inward of the diffusion cell.

In the lower acceptor part, the diffusion cells were filled with water. In order to determine the penetration of the active substance through the cuticle, a 0.5% (according to the active substance) aqueous working solution of various compositions was placed in the upper part of the cell. To prepare the working solution, standard water was used (water hardness 6.8452 mol / dm ³ , water temperature (20 ± 2) ° С). Aliquots were taken at regular intervals and the active substance concentration in the lower part of the cell was determined using a liquid chromatograph. The test results are shown in table 3.

EXAMPLE 3. The effectiveness of drugs containing diphenoconazole and flutriafol against a complex of diseases on the apple tree (Mantet variety) in the conditions of small-field experiments (the results are shown in table 4)

Period: June - August.

Place of testing: Russian Federation, Moscow region.

Soil-climatic zone: podzolic and sod-podzolic soils of the taiga-forest region (Central district of crop cultivation).

Age: 20 years.

4-fold processing.

Phases of plant development at the time of processing: fruit diameter up to 10 mm, fruit fall after flowering (71); hazelnut-sized fruit (72); secondary decay of the fruit (73); walnut-sized fruit (74).

EXAMPLE 4. Field trials on apple trees, vineyards, cucumbers, tomatoes

Processing vegetative plants, apple tree, variety: Morgenduft.

Place of testing Krasnodar Territory. The phase of plant development during the treatment period, on the BBCH scale: pink bud (E ₂ ); end of flowering (G); hazel-sized fruit (I); walnut-sized fruit (J).

Harmful objects: Venturia inaegualis (scab), Penicillium spp. (penicillic rot), Alternaria spp. (alternariosis), Cladosporium herbarum (cladosporiosis).

The technology of application of the studied drug:

Processing time: April 20; May 6, 16 and 31. Method of application: spraying plants during the growing season. The flow rate of the working fluid: 1000 l / ha, the multiplicity of processing - 4.

Records of hazardous objects: counting dates: May 6 and 21; June 24; October 13; 15th of November; December 18; the date of the onset of the disease: May 4 (scab on the leaves).

Harvest accounting: the method of harvesting and harvest accounting was carried out manually from each model tree. Harvest date: September 10th. The test results are shown in tables 5 and 6.

During the harvesting of apples (September 10), no rot or scab was found on the fruit. Fruits from all experiment options were placed in the refrigerator compartment (September 13). Apples were stored at a temperature of + 1 ° C and 80% humidity.

As a result of the counts on the fruits, several types of rot were found, with a predominance of cladosporious, penicillosis, and alternaria (Table 6). The effectiveness of the composition against Uncinula necator oidium on grapes is presented in table 7.

Similar indicators were obtained in tests on cucumbers against root rot, angular spotting of leaves, on tomatoes against late blight, alternariosis, sugar beets against cercosporosis, powdery mildew and on potatoes against late blight.

Conclusions: tests of the proposed composition as a fungicide for the treatment of fruit trees, vineyards, vegetables and other agricultural crops in the claimed ratios showed that, in terms of the totality of indicators, the claimed composition in all cases exceeded the standard.

Claims (1)

A fungicidal composition containing synergistically effective amounts of diphenoconazole and flutriafol, a substituted carboxylic acid amide, characterized in that dimethyldecanamide, dimethyloctanamide or dimethylheptanamide are used as a substituted carboxylic amide at a ratio of diphenoconazole: flutriafol: substituted (1-10 carbonic amide) 1-10) :( 3-30).