RU2833714C1 - Method of controlling brown rust of triticale grain during treatment with hydrogen peroxide solution - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular to means of controlling leaf rust of cereals. Fungicidal composition for controlling the damage to winter crops of triticale by leaf rust caused by Puccinia recondita is an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide in concentration of 15–50 mg/l in deionised water. In the fungicidal composition, hydrogen peroxide is used, which is recommended for use in the food industry. Method of controlling damage to winter crops of triticale with leaf rust disease caused by Puccinia recondita, includes double treatment of plants with triticale during vegetation by spraying with fungicide composition with consumption of 300 ml/m² of sown area for each treatment.

EFFECT: disclosed fungicidal composition and method of controlling winter triticale crop damage by leaf rust caused by Puccinia recondita, provides for reduction of leaf rust damage to the treated crop to level of 4.3–4.8%, is environmentally safe, non-toxic for the treated crop.

3 cl, 1 tbl, 6 ex

Description

Field of technology to which the invention relates

The invention relates to a means for combating plant diseases and to a method for using it to combat plant diseases.

State of the art

Hydrogen peroxide in low concentrations exhibits the properties of an activator of processes in plant tissues, which helps to increase the resistance of plants to the effects of pathogenic factors.

Disclosure of the essence of the invention

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely, to the field of application of chemical plant treatment agents - fungicides, to counteract the spread of pathogenic infections, in particular brown rust (Puccinia recondita), affecting vegetative plants.

Ensuring high yields of grain crops is of great importance in solving the tasks set in the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation, approved by the Decree of the President of Russia dated January 21, 2020, in particular, to “provide the population with high-quality and safe food products”, as well as within the framework of the implementation of the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Agriculture, valid for the period until 2030.

Brown rust is a dangerous disease of cereal crops, affecting leaves, stems and grain, causing damage to the harvest, in some years, up to 20%. Winter crops are especially susceptible to damage. Plants affected in the autumn usually die in winter. The causative agent of brown rust is Puccinia reconduct (lat.) - a type of parasitic basidiomycetes from the order of rust fungi. The spores of the pathogen do not die in the winter and are a dangerous factor in the infection of healthy plants in the spring and summer growing seasons. Affecting leaf blades, rust causes premature drying of leaves. This leads to disruption of plant development and a decrease in grain weight.

The most common means of combating fungal diseases is the use of fungicides used for spraying plants or seed dressing. Among the fungicides effective for spraying vegetative plants, the most common are: copper sulfate and copper oxychloride, dithiocarbamic acid salts, trichloromethylthioimides, phenols, organic compounds of tin and mercury, as well as compounds of the strobilurin, triazole, and benzimidazole groups. The proposed agents must be used in the form of solutions with a high concentration of the active substance, which requires the use of significant quantities to achieve satisfactory efficiency. In addition, all known fungicides are toxic compounds that pose a danger to the environment and are subject to strict control for presence in food products. Based on this, it is advisable to search for means of preventing the spread of diseases of grain crops that are highly effective when used in low concentrations and do not belong to highly toxic compounds.

Purpose of the invention

Evaluation of the use of low concentration aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution as a fungicide to prevent the spread of brown rust on vegetative triticale plants using spray treatment.

Compounds corresponding to the crystalline polymorph of 1-[4-[4-[5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-isoxazolyl]-2-thiazolyl]-1-piperidinyl]-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone are patented as fungicides (RU 2528975). In addition, the fungicidal composition includes in an effective amount at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of a surfactant and a liquid carrier. The invention relates to a method for combating plant diseases caused by plant pathogens - fungi, including applying to a plant or part thereof an effective amount of the said polymorph. The disadvantages of the invention include: the complex structure of the fungicidal active substance, the lack of industrial production and the possibility of commercial acquisition, as well as the absence in the patent description of data on the possibility of using the said agent against brown rust of grain crops.

A significant number of patented fungicidal compositions are based on the use of copper compounds as an active component. For example, patent EP 1471787 describes various combinations of organic and inorganic copper compounds, but the proposed compositions, in order to achieve the desired effect, require high concentrations of active substances in the compositions for treating plants and their effectiveness as a fungicide is limited to only some fungi belonging to the oomycete group (in particular, Plasmopara viticola).

Patent US 4,075,326 describes fungicidal compositions in which inorganic copper salts are combined with copper salts of unsaturated dibasic organic acids. The method for preparing the compositions requires a combination of 2- and 3-component mixtures containing fairly high concentrations of copper, but their effectiveness does not exceed by more than 10-20% the indicators of compositions created on the basis of the original reagents.

Fungicidal compositions based on copper salts are presented in patent RU 2527307. The compositions are effective against phytopathogenic fungi: Plasmopara viticola on grapes, Phytophthora spp. on vegetables, Pseudoperonospora cubensis on cucurbits, Peronospora tabacina on tobacco, Bremia lactucae on lettuce and spinach, Venturia spp. on fruit trees, Uromyces appendiculatus on legumes, Alternaria spp. on vegetables and fruit trees, Sphaeroteca fuliginea on cucurbits, Erysiphe spp. on vegetables and cereals. These phytosanitary compositions can be used in agronomic practice for application to plants or part of them, in particular to all parts of the plant, leaves, stems, branches and roots. At the same time, the consumption of the composition for effective treatment is quite significant, in addition, there are no recommendations for treating grain crops from brown rust.

The method for protecting winter grain crops from root rot and dwarf rust is presented in patent RU 2461199 C2, which provides for the use of the fungicide strain Pseudomonas fluorescens 17-1, deposited in the State Scientific Institution All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Microbiology under No. 622D and the growth-stimulating strain Sphingobacterium spiritivorum 38-22, deposited there under No. 620D and the fungicide Vincit in a ratio of 1:1:0.5. The composition is recommended for seed treatment, the fungicide Vincit is used in an amount of 150 ml per hectare seed rate. Based on the description of this patent, it has been established that the proposed composition includes the use of bio-compositions that do not have a wide production base and the possibility of commercial acquisition. The composition is used only for seed treatment and does not provide for the possibility of treating vegetative plants, and a significant consumption of the preparation is required.

The fungicidal composition presented in patent RU 2528698 C2 is recommended for counteracting the following pathogens: Erysiphegraminis, Fusarium graminearum, F. avenacerum, F. culmorum, Microdochium nivale, Puccinia striiformis, P. graminis, P. recondita, P. hordei, Typhula species, Micronectriella nivalis, Ustilago tritici, U. nuda, Tilletia caries, Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, Rhynchosporium secalis, Septoria tritici, Leptosphaeria nodorum and Pyrenophora teres on wheat and barley. The fungicidal composition can be applied to leaves. The invention is the closest to the claimed one in terms of its scope of application and technical solutions; on this basis, it is proposed as a prototype.

The formulation declared in the prototype has a complex composition, including the active component - tolclofos-methyl and auxiliary components: polyoxyethylene tristyrylphenol phosphate, polyvinyl alcohol, mixed surfactant based on block copolymer EO/PO and polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether, thickeners Kelzan CC or Van Gel, antifreeze propylene glycol, antifoaming agent surfinol 104PG, preservative Legenda MK. The dose of tolclofos-methyl used is from 0.03 g to 14 g per hectare. In addition, the prototype does not contain data on the possibility of treating the triticale crop.

The proposed present invention provides for the use of an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide of low concentration, which provides for a reduction in the consumption of the active component, to prevent the spread of brown rust on winter triticale crops. The crops are treated by a simple spraying method during the vegetation period of the plants.

Experimental studies of hydrogen peroxide solution as a means of combating brown rust were conducted at the Federal Agrarian Scientific Center (FASC) of the South-East, Saratov. Triticale, obtained by crossing wheat and rye, which is an independent botanical genus - Triticosecale Wittmack ex A. Camus, was used as the object of research. The triticale variety Zubr, created at the FASC of the South-East, was used for field experiments. This variety is a highly productive sample of winter hexaploid triticale, developed specifically for cultivation in the conditions of the Lower Volga region. The variety was sown on experimental plots, with an area of 1 m ² , in the first ten days of September. The treatment of vegetative plants was carried out in the following variants:

- one-time treatment in the third ten days of October;

- one-time treatment in the second ten days of April;

- double treatment in the third ten days of October and in the second ten days of April.

To prepare the working solution, hydrogen peroxide was used, which does not contain stabilizers and other impurities, recommended for use in the food industry, manufactured by "Blubonic Industries)", EU. Deionized water (GOST R 52501-2005) was used to prepare the working solutions.

An aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide with a concentration of 15...50 mg/l prepared by mixing the components was used as a working solution for treating crops. Increasing the concentration of hydrogen peroxide above the proposed norm is undesirable, since in this case hydrogen peroxide promotes the formation of a significant amount of active forms of oxygen - ions and radicals that have a destructive effect on plant cells and tissues. A decrease in concentration below the declared norm leads to a decrease in the fungicidal effect of the solution (example 5). For comparison, crops were treated with deionized water (control experiment - example 6).

The use of solutions with a low concentration of hydrogen peroxide contributes to a low consumption of the active substance. A comparative assessment of the consumption of active substances when using various fungicides is given in Table 1.

Table 1. Consumption rates of active substances of various fungicidal preparations for the treatment of 1 hectare of grain crops

The crops were treated using a standard sprayer. The working solution consumption rate was 300 ml/ ^m2 (each treatment). Spraying was performed in dry, windless weather in three replicates. The arithmetic mean of three replicates in the experiment was used for comparison.

The efficiency of the claimed fungicide was assessed visually during the inspection of triticale plants in the pre-harvest period (3rd ten-day period of June - 1st ten-day period of July). The signs of brown rust have different characteristics depending on the period of disease development. The first observed signs appear on leaf blades and leaf sheaths. At first, randomly scattered brown spots form on them. Urediniospores of the fungus develop in them. Over time, the spots do not merge, and tissue necrosis appears around them. At the end of the vegetation period, the spots darken and become glossy. The number of affected plants was determined by the recount method on each of the experimental plots. The result was taken as the number of affected plants related to the total number of plants on the experimental plot, expressed as a percentage.

According to the data of the conducted experiments on the use of an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 15...50 mg/l, by the method of double spraying of triticale crops, with a consumption of the working solution of 300 ml per 1 ^m2 of crops for each treatment, the achieved effect is a reduction in plants affected by brown rust, compared to the control experiment, from 28.9% to a level of 4.3...4.8%.

Example 1. An aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide with a concentration of 15 mg/l was used to treat winter triticale crops by spraying. Double treatment was carried out in the following periods: in the third ten-day period of October and in the second ten-day period of April (repeated treatment). For each treatment of crops, the consumption of the working solution was 300 ml/ ^m2 of the sowing area of the experimental plot. Diagnostics of plant infection with brown rust was carried out in the third ten-day period of June by visual inspection. Calculation result: symptoms of brown rust damage were detected on 4.8% of plants.

Example 2. Under the conditions of Example 1, except: an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide with a concentration of 50 mg/l was used. 4.3% of plants were found to be affected by brown rust.

Example 3. Under the conditions of example 1, except: a single treatment was carried out in the third ten-day period of October. 11.8% of plants were found to be affected by brown rust.

Example 4. Under the conditions of example 1, except: a single treatment was carried out in the second ten-day period of April. 17.4% of plants were found to be affected by brown rust.

Example 5. Under the conditions of Example 1, except: an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide with a concentration of 12.5 mg/l was used. 7.8% of plants were found to be affected by brown rust.

Example 6 (control experiment). Under the conditions of example 1, except: deionized water was used. 28.9% of plants were found to be affected by brown rust.

Claims (3)

1. A fungicide composition for combating the damage to winter triticale crops caused by brown rust, caused by Puccinia recondita, characterized by the fact that it is an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 15-50 mg/l in deionized water. 2. A fungicidal composition according to paragraph 1, characterized in that hydrogen peroxide recommended for use in the food industry is used. 3. A method for combating damage to winter crops of triticale caused by brown rust, a disease caused by Puccinia recondita, characterized by the fact that it includes two-fold treatment of triticale plants during the growing season by spraying with a fungicide composition according to any of paragraphs 1 or 2 with a consumption rate of 300 ml/ ^m2 of the sowing area for each treatment.