RU2561440C1 - Membrane wheel heavy-media separator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: device contains bath, pipeline to supply the heavy-media separator to the bath from bottom to ensure its upward flow. The device has also loading assembly to supply the initial material with heavy and light fractions towards the upward flow of the heavy-media suspension. There is also elevator wheel to unload the heavy fraction, and blade unloader for the light fraction. In centre of the front wall of the bath under the unloading assembly a hole is made with diameter equal to 1/3 of the bath width. This hole is closed by tight rubber membrane. This membrane is made with possibility of reciprocating movements in the horizontal plane under action of the eccentric drive and follower. These movements ensure oscillations of the heavy-media suspension with frequency ensuring loosening of the sunken heavy fraction with the light fraction release from it.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of the initial material enrichment.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mining, processing and enrichment of minerals and can be used in coal and mining.

Heavy media separators are used to separate the starting material into a light and heavy fraction. For coal, the light fraction is the concentrate, and the heavy fraction is the rock.

Heavy medium separators have a large capacity of up to 500 t / h, therefore, at the time of loading of the starting material into a bath with a heavy medium, large masses of the starting material are immersed in a heavy medium. A heavy medium or otherwise called a suspension, is a mechanical mixture of magnetite with water in certain proportions. The initial mass contains light and heavy fractions. The density of the suspension is higher than the density of the light fraction, but less than the density of the rock. Therefore, according to the law of Archimedes, light fractions float to the surface of the suspension, and heavy fractions sink. This is the physical essence of the enrichment process.

But due to the large inertia of the downward movement of the pieces of the heavy fraction, they are entrained by an insignificant number of pieces of the light fraction up to 1.5-2%. This is especially true at the maximum capacity of the separator, in which most of the separator concentrators work. Pieces of the light fraction, carried down, are further discharged from the separator together with the heavy fraction and constitute the loss of the useful component in the production waste.

In order to prevent losses of the useful component in the waste, it is necessary to create small alternating oscillations of the suspension in a horizontal plane inside the separator bath. This allows you to loosen the falling mass of the heavy fraction and this will rescue pieces of the light fraction from it. Structurally, this is possible if you install a movable diaphragm in the front wall of the wheel cage under the loading device of the source material in the bath.

The prototype of the proposed separator is the SKVP-32 separator, in which a special movable tray is used to mix the product loaded into the bath. But practice shows that the efficiency of enrichment from the use of the tray is low and it is often turned off in order to save energy.

This is due to the fact that the tray is installed directly in the separator charge, where there is still no need to mix the material. The material must be mixed inside the separator bath in order to loosen the sunken mass of the heavy fraction and to release pieces of the light fraction from it.

The aim of the present invention is to develop the design of a heavy-medium separator, which allows more efficient enrichment of the source material, i.e. additionally extract a useful component from the starting material by creating targeted reciprocating vibrations of a heavy medium inside the separator bath.

According to the invention, the goal is achieved by the fact that in the center of the front wall of the bathtub of the wheel separator, a rubber diaphragm with a diameter equal to 1/3 of the width of the bath, receiving reciprocating motion from the eccentric drive, is installed under the feed device of the starting material. The diaphragm is made of rubber-fabric conveyor belt. As the diaphragm drive, an eccentric drive of oscillating feeders of low productivity can be used.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing (Fig. 1), where the separator bath is shown in section.

The proposed diaphragm wheeled heavy medium separator consists of a hemispherical separator bath 1, an elevator wheel 2, a loading device 3, a blade unloader 4, a suspension feed pipe 5, a diaphragm 6, an eccentric drive 7 with a plunger 8.

Diaphragm wheeled heavy medium separator operates as follows.

From below, into the separator bath 1 through a pipe 5, a suspension is constantly pumped, which forms an upward flow. Towards the upstream loading device 3 serves the source material (ore, coal), which contains pieces of heavy and light fractions. The density of the suspension supplied to the bath is higher than the density of the light fraction, but lower than the density of the heavy fraction. Therefore, the starting material, immersed in the suspension, is stratified into fractions by density. The light fraction (it is depicted in black circles in the drawing) floats to the surface of the suspension and is discharged from the separator bath by the blade unloader 4 together with the suspension. The heavy fraction (shown by white circles in the drawing), goes down, overcoming the upward flow of the suspension, enters the perforated buckets of the elevator and is unloaded from the separator bath.

But, due to the large mass of the source material entering the separator bath, there is no clear 100% separation of it into a light and heavy fraction, i.e. an insignificant part of the light fraction up to 2% is dragged down by the heavy fractions and discharged with them into waste (Increasing the loss of the useful component.

In order to prevent this, it is necessary to loosen the mass of the heavy fraction falling inside the suspension in order to release light fractions from it, which will then float to the surface of the bath and be discharged into the concentrate.

To do this, in the center of the front wall of the separator bath, under the loading device, a hole 9 is cut with a diameter equal to 1/3 of the width of the bath, which is hermetically closed by the diaphragm 6 with bolts 10. A pusher 8 is pivotally fixed at one end to the center of the diaphragm 6 and the other end connected to the disk of the eccentric drive 7. When the disk of the eccentric drive rotates, the pusher 8 reciprocates at a frequency of 70 vibrations per minute, and since it is attached to the diaphragm, the diaphragm reciprocates movement in a horizontal plane. When the diaphragm moves inside the bath, the suspension located at the front wall of the bath will be pushed deep into the separator bath, and when the diaphragm moves in the opposite direction, the suspension will again return to the front wall. That is, inside the bath, fluctuations of the suspension are formed in the perpendicular direction to the upward flows, which loosen the sunken heavy fraction and release pieces of the light fraction from it. The released pieces of the light fraction float to the surface of the bath and are discharged into a concentrate. This will minimize the loss of the useful component in production waste and increase the yield of concentrate by about 1.5-1.6%.

An increase in the yield of concentrate even by 1% will make a significant annual economic effect for the processing plant.

For example, a factory produces 1 million tons of concentrate per year at a price of 6,000 rubles / ton. 1% of the concentrate is 10,000 tons. Then the annual economic effect will be: E _g = 10000 * 6000 = 60 million rubles. The cost of installing [a diaphragm with an eccentric drive, taking into account the energy consumption per year, is about 200 thousand rubles. That is, the annual economic effect will be: E _g = 60000000-200000 = 59.8 million rubles. The installation of the diagram does not present a great technical difficulty and can be performed in any enrichment plant. As a material for the diaphragm, a rubber conveyor belt can be used. As an eccentric drive, a drive of a swinging feeder PK-1.2-8.0 with an engine power of 3 kW can be used.

Thus, the proposed diaphragm wheeled heavy-medium separator allows additionally extracting a useful component from the source material by creating reciprocating oscillations of a heavy medium in the horizontal plane inside the separator bath. Therefore, the object of the invention has been achieved.

Claims (1)

A heavy-duty diaphragm wheeled separator consisting of a bath, a pipeline for supplying a heavy-medium suspension to the bottom of the bath to ensure its upward flow, a loading unit for supplying source material with heavy and light fractions towards an upward flow of a heavy-medium suspension, an elevator wheel with a drive for unloading a heavy fraction, paddle unloader for a light fraction, while in the center of the front wall of the bathtub under the loading unit a hole is made with a diameter equal to 1/3 of the width of the bathtub, closed seal ary rubber diaphragm, made with the possibility of reciprocating movement in a horizontal plane under the action of the eccentric drive and follower to produce oscillations at a frequency heavy medium slurry, ensuring loosening drowned heavy fraction to release therefrom a light fraction.

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