RU2543922C1 - Solid fuel combustion method, and steam and water heating boiler for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: method of two-stage combustion of solid fuel involves furnace filling with solid fuel in lumps, oxidiser supply to the furnace through grates at the furnace bottom, where in operation mode the oxidiser is fed through grates in amount insufficient for full oxidation of lump fuel, afterburning of obtained gas outside if the furnace using additional oxidiser feeding, combustion heat transfer to heat exchange system with tubular heat exchangers filled with liquid heat carrier, and flue gas exhaust. Side surfaces of the furnace ore formed by tubular heat exchangers installed over gaps, and pyrolysis gas collection chamber is positioned between heat exchangers and furnace housing.

EFFECT: higher energy saving, reliability, durability, improved specific output of heat energy per furnace volume and weight.

10 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to heat engineering and can be used in boiler plants.

The known "FURNACE FOR BURNING RADIOACTIVE WASTE", RU 2260216 [1], comprising a housing, inside which there are combustion chambers having a common ash afterburner equipped with a grate, in the central part of the furnace between the combustion chambers there is a coaxial exhaust gas afterburner, consisting of the outer and inner casings forming a labyrinth gas duct, the inner and outer casings of the exhaust gas afterburning chamber are cylindrical, the combustion chambers are connected to the exhaust gas afterburning chamber by gas On top of the combustion chambers and the exhaust gas afterburner, there is a sealed cylindrical airlock equipped with a lid, a tube-in-pipe heat exchanger located in the central part of the airlock and equipped with water inlets and outlets, with its lower part of the heat exchanger is connected to the output channel of the exhaust gas afterburner.

The disadvantages of the known design are the low compactness and specific energy productivity, as well as the increased complexity of the operation of the device with several loading furnaces, for each of which it is necessary to choose the optimal combustion mode.

Closest to the claimed technical solution is "VERTICAL STEAM OF A STEAM-BOILING BOILER FOR PROCESSING BULK FUEL TYPES IN HEAT ENERGY", RU 2426028 [2], which includes filling the firebox with solid lump fuel, feeding the oxidizer into the furnace through the burner insufficient amount of oxidizing agent for complete lump fuel oxidation is supplied through the grates, afterburning of the formed gases outside the specified furnace with the participation of an additional oxidizing agent, t burning a heat exchange system with tubular heat exchangers with a liquid coolant, flue gas removal.

The known design allows for two-stage combustion of fuel using a single loading furnace.

A disadvantage of the known design is low energy efficiency due to the low coefficient of heat transfer from the furnace gases to the coolant, as well as incomplete combustion of fuel. The disadvantage is the complexity of the service, due to the release of condensates, including resins on the internal surfaces of the built-in flues, and the need for their periodic removal. The known design has low reliability and service life, due to the fragility of the metal batteries-conductors of high temperature heated to a high temperature in an oxidizing environment. The disadvantage is the complexity of operation, due to the need to change operating modes when changing fuel parameters. The disadvantage is the low specific yield of thermal energy in relation to the volume and weight of the furnace.

The technical result of the invention is to increase energy efficiency, increase reliability and durability, increase the specific yield of thermal energy in relation to the volume and weight of the furnace.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a two-stage method of burning solid fuel, including filling the furnace with solid lump fuel, supplying the oxidizer to the furnace through the grates located at the bottom of the furnace, and in the operating mode, the amount of oxidizer insufficient for the complete oxidation of the lump fuel is supplied, afterburning of the generated gases outside the specified furnace with the participation of an additional supply of oxidizing agent, heat transfer from combustion of a heat exchange system with tubular heat exchangers with liquid heat ositelem flue gas outlet, characterized in that the side surfaces of the furnace are formed by tubular heat exchangers mounted at intervals and between the heat exchangers and the furnace casing is the pyrolysis gas collection chamber.

The method is implemented by a steam boiler, including a combustion chamber, openings for supplying air to the lower part of the furnace, a system with a heat carrier, characterized in that the side surface of the furnace chamber is formed by tube-in-tube type heat exchangers with gaps between the heat exchangers filled with the liquid coolant, and a tap flue gas is produced through the internal pipes of the heat exchangers.

The lower parts of the gaps between the heat exchangers can be closed with metal partitions to a height of 100-140 mm, depending on the size of the combustion chamber. Partitions in this case are usually welded to heat exchangers. The presence of partitions will reduce fuel spillage and provides high-temperature combustion of the fuel layer of sufficient height above the horizontal grates.

The pyrolysis gas collection chamber can be connected to the entrances to the internal pipes of the heat exchangers, where an additional air supply device is also located. The specified implementation will improve the compactness of the device while ensuring the afterburning of pyrolysis gases.

An additional air supply device may be located inside the inner tubes of the heat exchangers. The specified implementation will further improve the efficiency of the device due to combustion of air inside the internal pipes of the heat exchangers.

An additional air supply device is located at the bottom of the pyrolysis gas collection chamber. The specified implementation will further improve the optimization of fuel combustion due to a more uniform combustion reaction of pyrolysis gases.

Pipe-in-pipe heat exchangers can be positioned vertically. The specified location leads to the occurrence of the effect of "traction" in the pipe, which will achieve the functioning of the device without additional boost devices.

Pipe-in-pipe heat exchangers can be positioned horizontally. The specified location will reduce the path from the pyrolysis gas collection chamber to the inner tubes of the heat exchangers, which will further improve the compactness of the device.

Pipe-in-pipe heat exchangers can be inclined, which will increase compactness in the absence of boost devices.

On the external sides of the pipe-in-pipe heat exchangers, metal fins can be located to reduce the thermal resistance between the fuel and the heat exchangers and increase the efficiency of the heat exchanger.

In FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of the boiler, figure 2 is a partial horizontal section of the furnace of the boiler:

1 - firebox;

2 - case;

3 - solid lump fuel;

4 - grate;

5 - tubular heat exchangers with a liquid coolant;

6 - gaps between heat exchangers;

7 - a chamber for collecting pyrolysis gases;

8 - internal pipes;

9 - liquid coolant;

10 - direction of movement of pyrolysis gases;

11 - direction of movement of flue gases;

12 - the direction of motion of the additional oxidizing agent.

The implementation of the invention

The housing 2 of the proposed device contains a furnace 1, in working condition filled with solid lump fuel 3. The furnace below is bounded by horizontal grates 4, and on the sides by vertical tubular heat exchangers 5 with a heat-transfer fluid of the pipe-in-pipe type, between which (between external, external pipes ) gaps are arranged (vertical slots) 6. In the space between the inner 8 and outer tubes of the heat exchangers 5, a liquid heat carrier 9, for example water, flows. The inner pipes 8 serve as smoke and chimneys, in the lower parts of which pyrolysis gases burn out and through which combustion products are discharged from the pyrolysis gas collection chamber 7, which, in turn, receives pyrolysis gases from the spaces 6 between the heat exchangers 5. The lower parts the gaps between the heat exchangers are welded to a height of 100 ... 140 mm (not shown), depending on the size of the furnace, to ensure high-temperature combustion of the fuel layer of sufficient height above the horizontal grates 4. Such a device opka provides: ease of ignition; a high pressure difference between the lower and upper ends of the chimney and, therefore, good traction; high completeness of heat removal; high compactness of the boiler

The device of the steam boiler operates as follows: After filling the furnace 1 with solid lump fuel 3, the ash chamber door (not shown) opens and the fuel is ignited. It can be performed by setting firewood or other easily ignited fuel laid on the grate before loading fuel, or by burning fuel on the grate using a burner inserted into the open door of the ash chamber. After the fuel layer 3 is burned over the grates 4, which is accompanied by the appearance of smoke at the exit of the chimney (not shown), an additional oxidizer is arranged in any known way, for example, the corresponding doors (not shown) open under the pyrolysis gas collection chamber 7 and the device goes into Work mode. In this case, the fuel on the horizontal grate 4 and at a certain height in the layer adjacent to the horizontal grate burns out and is replaced, under the influence of gravity, partially decomposed fuel from the upper layers, and the ash and slag spill through the grate 4 into the ash chamber (not shown). Hot flue gases under the influence of traction force overcome the lower fuel layer and exit to the pyrolysis gas collection chamber 7. Pyrolysis gases from the heated upper fuel layers in direction 10 also enter this gap, due to which increased pressure is generated in the chamber in one direction with traction force. Under the influence of these forces, a high-temperature mixture of flue and pyrolysis gases is sent to the lower holes of the inner tubes 8 of the heat exchangers, mixed with an additional oxidizing agent, for example, air, the direction of movement of which is shown 12, and burning in the lower parts of the pyrolysis gas collection chamber 7 and inner tubes 8. Heat carrier 9 it receives heat from two surfaces, external and internal.

EFFECT: increased energy efficiency is achieved by increasing the heat transfer coefficient from furnace gases to the coolant, as well as more complete combustion of fuel.

The technical result is an increase in reliability and durability due to the absence in the design of metal parts exposed to elevated temperatures, leading to premature burnout.

The technical result is an increase in the specific yield of thermal energy in relation to the volume and weight of the furnace is achieved by the compact design of the device with a large heat transfer area.

Industrial application. A steam boiler was sold at Bagan CJSC (Novosibirsk) with a furnace height of 0.4 m and a loading volume of 200 l. Moreover, it develops power from 35 to 70 kW, which corresponds to a specific energy output of 0.8-1.7 MW / m ³ in volume, exceeding this indicator for modern commercially available solid fuel boilers (for example, Buderus, Thermorobot) more than 10 times.

Claims (10)

1. A method of two-stage burning of solid fuel, including filling the furnace with solid lump fuel, supplying the oxidant to the furnace through the grates located at the bottom of the furnace, and in the operating mode, the amount of oxidizer insufficient for complete oxidation of the lump fuel is supplied through the grates, and the resulting gases are burned out outside the specified furnace with the participation of additional supply of oxidizing agent, heat transfer from combustion to a heat exchange system with tubular heat exchangers with liquid heat carrier, flue gas removal, distinguishing The fact that the side surfaces of the furnace are formed by tubular heat exchangers installed at intervals, and a pyrolysis gas collection chamber is located between the heat exchangers and the furnace body. 2. A steam boiler, including a combustion chamber, openings for supplying air to the lower part of the furnace, a system with a heat transfer medium, characterized in that the side surface of the combustion chamber is formed by tube-in-tube heat exchangers with gaps between the heat exchangers filled with liquid heat transfer agent, flue gas is produced through the internal pipes of the heat exchangers. 3. The steam boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that the lower parts of the gaps between the heat exchangers are closed by metal partitions to a height of 100-140 mm. 4. Steam boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that the pyrolysis gas collection chamber is connected to the inlets to the internal pipes of the heat exchangers, where there is also an additional air supply device. 5. The steam boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that the additional air supply device is located inside the inner tubes of the heat exchangers. 6. A steam boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that the additional air supply device is located in the lower part of the pyrolysis gas collection chamber. 7. The steam boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that the pipe-in-pipe heat exchangers are arranged vertically. 8. The steam boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that the pipe-in-pipe heat exchangers are located horizontally. 9. The steam boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that the pipe-in-pipe heat exchangers are inclined. 10. A steam boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that metal fins are located on the outer sides of the pipe-in-pipe heat exchangers.

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