RU2542818C2 - Lift-facilitating mechanism and method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mechanism and system for lifting facilitation, as well as to method facilitating lifting process for user. Device for load calibration, mechanism for facilitating lifting and climbing and system for facilitating lifting and climbing contain traction force generators; components for traction forces application functionally connected with traction force generators and made with possibility of traction force application (with the use of device, mechanism and system) to an object, control devices which contain load detection means and lifting force application means, motorized drums and rope which is attached to drum and object when device is used. To facilitate user's lifting in conditions of working on elevation following is provided: rope presence, detection by load detection means, load which is applied to rope in the first direction, selection of level provided for user lifting facilitation, determination of lifting force, application of lifting force in the second direction to balance load applied to the rope in the first direction, and issuing signal about lifting force determination completion to user fastened to the rope.

EFFECT: creation of device for load calibration.

65 cl, 11 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to an apparatus and system for facilitating lifting, as well as to a method that facilitates the user the lifting process. The invention relates mainly, but not exclusively, to an apparatus and a method that facilitates the user climbing climb or similar action.

State of the art

Currently, there are many systems on sale that provide support for people climbing ladders or other structures. Known systems implement various ways of providing such support. However, as a rule, all of them are aimed at creating a lifting force applied to the rope or cord to overcome part of the user's weight. In this case, the "pulling force" applied to the rope or cord tends to pull the body with an effort slightly less than the weight of the body.

One of the drawbacks inherent in known systems is related to the prevention of inadvertent requests from the user for too much support from the system, i.e. request a lifting force exceeding the user's own weight. In this case, the system would forcefully lift the user, which could lead to undesirable and dangerous consequences.

In attempts to overcome this drawback, known systems usually limit the degree of support from the system to 40-50 kgf, i.e. less than the expected mass of the user. This protective measure has its own drawback: reducing the load by 50 kgf is ineffective for the user, whose weight, together with tools and equipment, is 120 kg, and for the user with a weight of less than 50 kg, the system still creates potentially dangerous levels of lifting relief.

Other potential disadvantages associated with the known technology are that known systems cannot be quickly rebuilt for users of various weights without the direct interaction of the operator or the users themselves with the control panel of the system. In addition, the known systems do not change the level of weight compensation used in case of changes in the total weight of the user in the process of applying the system due to the reception or abandonment of tools and equipment.

Another disadvantage is that the user must know exactly his mass and the mass of his tools and / or equipment and be able to enter the values of these masses or the required level of compensation into the system. Moreover, the known system is unable to compensate for errors made by the user when entering mass values into the system.

In addition, the user is forced to connect to the system only when the lift is due to begin, as the system will always actively seek to exert a lifting force on the user. Therefore, the user can connect (fasten) to the system when he is already lifting or is on the structure in a stationary position, i.e. when support is enabled or disabled accordingly. As a result, well-known systems cannot be used to insure the user, for example, when moving him to some side of the structure, because the supporting device will either be locked or will tend to pull it up.

Disclosure of invention

Accordingly, the invention seeks to overcome one or more of the disadvantages of known systems.

According to its first aspect, the invention provides a device for calibrating a load, comprising:

traction generator;

a component for applying traction, functionally associated with the generator of traction and made with the possibility of application, when using the device, traction to the object,

and a control mechanism comprising load detecting means and lifting force application means and configured to control the traction generator in a first calibration mode in which the traction generator is stopped and the load detection means detecting a load applied by the object to the component for applying traction force moreover, the means of application of the lifting force is configured to determine the value of the lifting force, which must be applied to a component for applying traction by the traction generator, in accordance with the equation hf = dl × a, where: hf is the lifting force; dl is the detected load (the load detected by the load detection means), and is the load relief coefficient, expressed as a percentage.

In particularly preferred embodiments, said object comprises a user, which may be, in particular, a human and / or animal. Alternatively or additionally, the object may comprise equipment, tools, or any other inanimate object.

In embodiments of the invention according to the first aspect, the traction generator may include one or more of the following components: a power drum, hoist, mounting winch, capstan, pulley, counterweight and / or power lift. The mechanized lift may be, for example, a lever lift. Thus, the traction generator is able to generate a force acting on another device and / or object.

In some embodiments, according to a first aspect, the component for applying traction may comprise a rope. It should be noted that the term "rope" also includes cords of any type capable of withstanding the load. In addition, the rope can be made of natural or synthetic fibers, a woven tape or belt, steel wire or steel cable, cable, etc. In these embodiments, the object is preferably attached (fastened) to the rope. The component for applying traction is connected with the traction generator in such a way as to obtain traction from it, which then this component can apply to the object.

The traction generator may be a coil or drum (hereinafter referred to as the drum), and the component for applying traction may be a rope, preferably attached to the drum and, when using a device attached to the object.

According to the invention, the rope can form a closed loop.

Alternatively, the rope is attached at one end to the traction generator and, when using the device, its distal part to the object. In some embodiments, the rope is attached at one end to a mechanized drum and, when using the device, its distal part to an object, such as a user.

In alternative embodiments, the component for applying traction is a platform or similar construction. In such embodiments, the object is preferably located on the platform. It should be clear that traction is applied to the object from below, i.e. the platform pushes the object up rather than pulling it.

The object may be directly connected to the component for applying traction, or, alternatively, the connection between them may be indirect.

In some embodiments of the invention, the coefficient of alleviation of the load is selected in the range of 0-99%.

Although the support provided for lifting can be 99%, in reality it is likely to be less, since when it approaches 99%, the object could undergo an unintentional pull up. In variants in which the object contains a human user, such a pull-up would be undesirable, since the lift would take place without being able to be controlled by the user.

In some variants, the coefficient a of lightening the load may lie in the range of 10-70%.

Lifting effort can be of any value. In embodiments in which the object comprises a human user, the maximum lifting force may be equivalent to 140 kgf. By setting the maximum lifting force in cases where the object contains a human user, the load calibration device protects the user from situations in which a potentially large one can be applied to it, i.e. unwanted lifting force.

In alternative embodiments, it is assumed that the allowable level of lifting force may correspond to a load safe for the device according to the invention.

A lifting force, defined as being 0 kgf, means that the load detecting means detected a load of 0 kgfs or that the predetermined level of lifting facilitation is 0%.

The lifting force in typical conditions can vary in kgf or newtons according to the equation: hf = dl × a,

Where:

- hf - lifting force (for example, in kgf),

- dl is the detected load (for example, in kgf),

- a - coefficient of lightening the load (in percent).

Lifting force should be considered as including both “pushing” and “pulling” forces, i.e. lifting force can push or pull the load (load) up.

The load may be the weight of the user, and / or tools, and / or equipment, etc. It should be understood that any load may be applied to the component for applying traction to initiate a calibration mode. Moreover, the means of applying the lifting force is configured to determine (in response to the detection of the load by the means of detecting the load) the value of the lifting force that can be applied to the load.

In some embodiments of the invention, the lifting force application means is configured to determine the value of the lifting force to be applied to the component for applying the traction force by the traction generator after the load detection means has been provided by the load detection means for a predetermined period.

More specifically, the predetermined period may be from 0 s to 10 s, for example from 1 s to 5 s, preferably 3-4 s. Under this condition, the calibration mode will not be activated involuntarily when an object, such as a user, is associated with a component for applying traction in the device according to the invention, but will require active participation from the operator or user. In the group of options, the set delay value ensures that the calibration mode will not be inadvertently activated when an object, such as a user, is simply fastened to the device’s rope to calibrate the load, but will require active actions by the operator or user.

In some embodiments of the invention, the operator or user may be signaled to successfully complete the calibration of the device of the invention.

This signal may be, for example, sound. Alternatively or additionally, the signal may be, for example, visual or tactile. A visual signal can be, for example, light, and a tactile one - vibration transmitted through a rope.

According to a second aspect, the invention provides an apparatus for facilitating lifting, comprising:

traction generator;

a component for applying traction, functionally connected to the generator of traction and made with the possibility of application, when using the apparatus, traction to the object,

and a control mechanism comprising load detecting means and lifting force application means and configured to control the traction generator in a first calibration mode in which the traction generator is stopped and the load detection means detecting a load applied by the object to the component for applying traction force moreover, the means of application of the lifting force is configured to determine the value of the lifting force, which must be applied to a component for applying traction by the traction generator, in accordance with the equation hf = dl × a, where: hf is the lifting force; dl is the detected load (the load detected by the load detection means), and is the load relief coefficient, expressed as a percentage.

At the same time, the control mechanism is configured to switch the traction generator to the second mode, the light lifting mode, in which the traction generator acts on the component to apply traction until the load detected by the load detection means becomes equal to the weight of the component for application the traction force, and the means of applying the lifting force is configured to apply the specified specific lifting force to the component for applying the traction force p by means of a traction force generator, the lifting force acting on the component for applying traction in the direction opposite to the direction of the load.

In particularly preferred embodiments, the object comprises a user, which may be, in particular, a human and / or animal. Alternatively or additionally, the object may comprise equipment, tools, or any other inanimate object.

In embodiments according to a second aspect of the invention, the traction generator may comprise one or more of the following components: motorized drum, hoist, mounting winch, capstan, pulley, counterweight, and / or mechanized elevator. The mechanized lift may be, for example, a lever lift. Thus, the traction generator is able to generate a force acting on another device and / or object.

In embodiments according to the second aspect, the component for applying traction may comprise a rope. It should be understood that the term “rope” also includes any type of cord capable of supporting the load. In addition, the rope can be made of natural or synthetic fibers, a woven tape or belt, steel wire or steel cable, cable, etc. In these embodiments, the object is preferably attached to a rope. The component for applying traction is connected with the traction generator in such a way as to obtain traction from it, which then this component can apply to the object. In embodiments in which the traction generator is a mechanized drum, and the component for applying traction is a rope, the rope is preferably attached to the drum and, in the process of using the apparatus, to the object.

In some embodiments, the rope may form a closed loop.

Alternatively, the rope is attached at one end to the traction generator and, when using the apparatus, its distal part to the object. In the group of options, the rope is attached at one end to the mechanized drum and, when using the apparatus, with its distal part to the object, for example, to the user.

In alternative embodiments, the component for applying traction is a platform or similar construction. In such embodiments, the object is preferably located on the platform. It should be clear that traction is applied to the object from below, i.e. the platform pushes the object up rather than pulling it.

The object may be directly connected to the component for applying traction or, alternatively, the connection between them may be indirect.

In preferred embodiments, the apparatus of the invention is an apparatus for facilitating climbing. In these embodiments, the object will contain the user.

In particularly preferred embodiments, the climbing apparatus comprises:

mechanized drum;

a rope attached to the drum and, when using the device, attached to the object,

and a control mechanism comprising means for detecting a load and means for applying a lifting force and configured to control a mechanized drum in a first calibration mode in which the drum is stopped and means for detecting a load detecting a load applied to the rope, wherein the means for applying a lifting force the ability to determine the value of the lifting force that must be applied to the rope by the drum, in accordance with the equation hf = dl × a, where: hf - by Removable effort; dl is the detected load (the load detected by the load detection means), and is the load relief coefficient, expressed as a percentage.

Moreover, the control mechanism is configured to switch the specified drum to the second mode, the mode of facilitated lifting, in which the specified drum ensures the prevention of slack (sagging) of the rope between the user of the device and the drum, and the means of applying lifting force is made with the possibility of application to the rope, through the drum lifting force, providing, to a certain extent, ease of lifting for the user.

In some embodiments of the invention, the coefficient of alleviation of the load is selected in the range of 0-99%.

Although the support provided for lifting can be 99%, in reality it will most likely be less, because when it approaches 99%, the object could undergo an unintentional pull-up. In variants in which the object contains a human user, such a pull-up would be undesirable, since the lift would take place without being able to be controlled by the user. In some variants, the coefficient a of lightening the load may lie in the range of 10-70%.

Lifting effort can be of any value. In embodiments in which the object comprises a human user, the maximum lifting force may be equivalent to 140 kgf. By setting the maximum lifting force in cases where the object contains a human user, the device protects the user from situations in which a potentially large one can be applied to it, i.e. unwanted lifting force.

In alternative embodiments, it is assumed that the allowable level of lifting force may correspond to a load safe for the apparatus of the invention.

A lifting force, defined as being 0 kgf, means that the load detecting means detected a load of 0 kgfs or that the predetermined level of lifting facilitation is 0%.

The lifting force in typical conditions can vary in kgf or newtons according to the equation: hf = dl × a,

Where:

- hf - lifting force (for example, in kgf),

- dl is the detected load (for example, in kgf),

- a - coefficient of lightening the load (in percent).

As with the first aspect, according to the second aspect, the lifting force should be considered as including both “pushing” and “pulling” forces, i.e. lifting force can push or pull the load (load) up.

The load may be the weight of the user, and / or tools, and / or equipment, etc. It should be understood that any load may be applied to the rope to initiate the calibration mode.

In embodiments according to the second aspect, the lifting force application means is configured to determine (in response to load detection by the load detection means) the value of the lifting force that can be applied to the load.

In alternative embodiments, the first calibration mode may be preceded by a pre-calibration mode in which the control mechanism provides control of the traction generator aimed at equalizing the forces associated with the object until the load detection means detects a constant load for a given period. After this, the first calibration mode is initiated.

When traction is applied by the generator to the component for applying traction, the lifting of the object is facilitated without its forced (involuntary) movement, since the lifting force will always be insufficient to effect such a movement.

Thus, the level of support of the object from the side of the traction generator in the second mode, the mode of light lifting, is sufficient to reduce the effective load on the component to apply traction (up to close to zero), while ensuring that the load level always remains correlated with the actual load detected as acting on the component for applying traction in calibration mode.

The load may be the weight of the user and / or tools and / or equipment, etc. It should be understood that any load may be applied to the component for applying traction to initiate a calibration mode.

In some embodiments of the invention, the lifting force application means is configured to determine, in a first mode, the lifting force value that must be applied to the component for applying the traction force by the traction generator after the load detection means has been provided by the load detection means for a predetermined period.

More specifically, the predetermined period may be from 0 s to 10 s, for example from 1 s to 5 s, preferably 3-4 s. Under this condition, the calibration mode will not be activated involuntarily when an object, such as a user, is associated with a component for applying traction in the apparatus of the invention, but will require active participation from the operator or user. Active participation on the part of the user may consist, for example, in applying his weight to the device or in issuing a command to the device to select a rope.

In the group of options, the set delay value ensures that the calibration mode will not be inadvertently activated when an object, such as a user, is simply fastened to the device’s rope to calibrate the load, but will require active actions by the operator or user.

In some embodiments of the invention, the operator or user may be signaled to successfully complete the calibration of the apparatus of the invention. This signal may be, for example, sound. Alternatively or additionally, the signal may be, for example, visual or tactile. A visual signal can be, for example, light, and a tactile one - vibration transmitted through a rope.

In some embodiments of the invention, the load detection means is configured to detect, in the second lifting mode, a change in the load acting on the component for applying traction.

In the case of detection, in the implementation of the mode of light lifting, means for detecting the load of the load acting on the component for applying traction, the control mechanism is able to ensure the transfer of the traction generator into the third mode, the mode of light lifting, in which the traction generator first acts on the component for applying traction until the load detected by the load detection means becomes equal to the weight of the component for applying traction force, and the lifting force application means does not exert, by means of the traction generator, any lifting force to the component for applying traction.

Thus, according to some variants, if, when the apparatus performs the second mode, the mode of facilitated lifting, the load detection means detects a change in the load on the rope, the control mechanism is able to transfer the drum to the third mode, the mode of easy lifting, in which the drum prevents the rope from loosening between the user the apparatus and the drum, and the means of applying the lifting force stops applying, by means of the drum, the lifting force to the rope.

In embodiments in which the apparatus for facilitating lifting is an apparatus for facilitating climbing, a change in load may be caused by a user lifting and / or leaving (dropped) tools and / or equipment. Alternatively or additionally, a change in load may be associated with a change of users of the apparatus to facilitate climbing. If the load change is detected by the load detecting means when the apparatus performs the indicated second mode, the apparatus for facilitating climbing will cease to provide the user with support in climbing.

Alternatively or additionally, the apparatus for facilitating climbing, being in this second mode, will cease to provide support to the user if the control mechanism detects the absence of activity associated with the rope for a predetermined time. In the context of the invention, the term “inactivity” means that the user is not moving forward or backward, i.e. up or down. The set time may be, for example, 2-3 s.

Alternatively, in the case of detection by the load detecting means, in the facilitated lifting mode, the load is substantially equal to the load detected by this means in the first calibration mode as applied to the traction application component, the control mechanism is capable of transferring the traction generator to the fourth mode, the mode of falling or lowering, in which the traction generator is stopped, the means of application of the lifting force does not exert, by means of the traction generator, th lift to the component for applying traction, and the user is held in a constant position by the component for applying traction.

In a group of variants, the apparatus of the invention is an apparatus for facilitating climbing. In the case of detecting by the means of detecting the load, when performing the specified second mode, the load is substantially equal to the load detected by this means in the first calibration mode as applied to the rope, the control mechanism is able to put the drum in the fourth mode, the mode of falling or lowering, in which the drum is stopped, the lifting force application means does not exert any lifting force on the rope by the drum, and the user is held by the rope in a constant position.

As another alternative, if the apparatus for facilitating lifting operates in the second mode, the mode of facilitated lifting, and the means for detecting load detects a load substantially equal to the load detected by this means in the first calibration mode as applied to the component for applying traction, means application of lifting force can provide a decrease in the support provided, i.e. lifting force, up to almost 0%. It should be understood that a lifting force approaching 0 kgf corresponds to a lifting force capable of raising the weight of a component to apply traction and overcome any friction in the system.

With this execution, an object such as a user is always protected from falling or other involuntary descent.

When the lifting support ceases in the form of lifting force, i.e. when deactivating the light lift mode, the user, in order to activate the specified mode, must repeat the first calibration mode.

Alternatively, the user may continue to climb without support. More specifically, the control mechanism is capable of switching the traction generator to the third mode, the non-light lifting mode, in which the traction generator first acts on the component to apply traction until the load detected by the load detection means becomes equal to the weight of the component for application tractive effort, and the lifting force application means does not exert, by means of the tractive effort generator, any lifting force to the component for applying tractive effort I am. In other words, the lifting force application provides a lifting force that can lift the weight of the component to apply traction and overcome any friction in the system.

It should be understood that the lifting force applied in the non-light lifting mode is 0 kgf, and the lifting force application means in the third mode remains inactive until the first calibration mode is initiated by the user.

The user can at any time decide to switch the device to the third mode, the mode of easy lifting. As a result, the user can connect to the component for applying traction, for example, fasten to the rope of the apparatus, and move, without limitation, forward and backward at floor level or at any intermediate horizontal level and / or up and down. If then the user decides to start the climb from his current position, the device will operate in the mode of easy lifting, providing protection against falling during the lifting. The device initiates the mode of facilitated lifting only after the user has successfully completed the first calibration mode.

In the case of detection by the load detecting means, when the indicated mode of easy lifting is carried out, the load is substantially equal to the load detected by the specified load detecting means in the first calibration mode as applied to the traction application component, the control mechanism is able to transfer the traction generator to the fourth mode , a fall or descent mode in which the traction generator is stopped, the lifting force application means does not exert, by ora traction, no lifting force to the component for traction applications, and user retention components for traction applications in a standing position.

With this execution, the user is always protected from falling or other involuntary descent.

After the fall, the device can, after a predetermined period, switch to the first calibration mode. This is because the drop imitates calibration operations. The user can deactivate the calibration mode and descend to the floor or to another intermediate horizontal level.

Deactivation of the calibration mode can be done, for example, by remote control.

Alternatively, after a fall, the control mechanism may switch the traction generator to the fifth mode, in which the traction generator is reversed, so that the user can descend to a safe position.

In some cases, the fifth mode is initiated after a specified period after the fall. More specifically, a predetermined period may be from 1 to 10 seconds.

The user can at any time initiate the first calibration mode by applying a load to the load detection means. He can do this while at the floor level (or at any intermediate horizontal level), for example, grabbing the rope and tearing his legs off the floor. Alternatively, the user can climb a few steps from the starting position, and then hang on a rope.

The apparatus for facilitating lifting can also be configured to detect a stop (pause) in the movement of the user. In this case, the control mechanism can, in the case of detecting a pause or stop in the user's movement, put the drum into the indicated mode of easy lifting, in which the drum is able to prevent rope slack between the user of the device and the drum, and the lifting force application means ceases to exert lifting force by means of the drum to the rope.

When the lifting facilitation (in the form of lifting force) is stopped in order to reactivate the second mode, the facilitated lifting mode, the user must repeat the first calibration mode. Alternatively, the user may continue to climb without support. In this case, the control mechanism can switch the traction generator to the third mode (light lifting mode), in which the traction generator first acts on the component to apply traction until the load detected by the load detection means becomes equal to the weight of the component for application traction effort. It should be clear that the lifting force applied in the mode of easy lifting, will be 0 kgf, and the coefficient a of lightening the load will be 0%.

Alternatively, the lifting means is inactive in the fourth mode.

According to its third aspect, the invention provides a system for facilitating lifting, comprising:

traction generator;

a component for applying traction, functionally connected to the generator of traction and configured to apply, when using the system, traction to the object,

and a control mechanism comprising load detecting means, an electronic control / diagnostic system and lifting force application means and configured to control the traction generator in a first calibration mode in which the traction generator is stopped and the load detection means detect the load applied by the object to a component for applying traction, and the means of applying lifting effort is configured to determine the lifting value a lot of force that must be applied to the component for applying traction by the traction generator, in accordance with the equation hf = dl × a, where: hf is the lifting force; dl is the detected load (the load detected by the load detection means), and is the load relief coefficient, expressed as a percentage.

At the same time, the control mechanism is configured to switch the traction generator to the second mode, the light lifting mode, in which the traction generator acts on the component to apply traction until the load detected by the load detection means becomes equal to the weight of the component for application tractive effort, and the means of applying lifting force is configured to apply the specified specific lifting force to the component for applying tractive effort, osredstvom generator driving force that facilitates the rise of the object.

In this system, the load detection means is configured to detect, in the implementation of the indicated mode of facilitated lifting, the weight of the object applied to the component for applying traction, and switch the traction generator to the fourth mode, the fall or lower mode, in which the traction generator is stopped, the object is held by traction application, and the electronic control / diagnostic system monitors the operation of the traction generator and the board and, if a malfunction is detected, switching the traction generator into the fifth, emergency mode.

In particularly preferred embodiments, said object comprises a user, which may be, in particular, a human and / or animal. Alternatively or additionally, the object may comprise equipment, tools, or any other inanimate object.

In embodiments according to the third aspect, the traction generator may comprise one or more mechanized drums, hoists, mounting winches, capstans, pulleys, counterweights and / or mechanized lifts. The mechanized lift may be, for example, a lever lift. Thus, the traction generator is able to generate a force acting on another device and / or object.

In some embodiments, the component for applying traction may contain a rope. It should be understood that the term “rope” also includes any type of cord capable of supporting the load. In addition, the rope can be made of natural or synthetic fibers, a woven tape or belt, steel wire or steel cable, cable, etc. In these embodiments, the object is preferably attached (fastened) to the rope. The component for applying traction is connected with the traction generator in such a way as to obtain traction from it, which then this component can apply to the object.

In embodiments in which the traction generator is a mechanized drum and the component for applying traction is a rope, the rope is preferably attached to the drum and, when using the system, to the object. In a group of options, the system is a system to facilitate climbing. More specifically, the climbing facilitation system comprises:

mechanized drum;

a rope attached to the drum and, when using the device, attached to the object,

and a control mechanism comprising load detecting means, an electronic control / diagnostic system and lifting force application means and configured to control the mechanized drum in a first calibration mode in which the drum is stopped, and the load detecting means detecting a load applied to the rope, the lifting force application means is configured to determine the value of the lifting force to be applied to the drum rope In accordance with equation hf = dl × a, where: hf - lifting force; dl is the detected load (the load detected by the load detection means), and is the load relief coefficient, expressed as a percentage.

In this case, the control mechanism is configured to switch the drum to the second mode, the facilitated lifting mode, in which the drum prevents the rope from loosening between the user of the system and the drum, and the lifting force application means is configured to apply to the rope, by means of the drum, a lifting force providing to a predetermined degree, lifting facilitation for the user.

In this system, the load detecting means is configured to detect, in the light climbing mode, the user's weight applied to the rope and put the drum into the fourth mode, the fall or lower mode, in which the drum is stopped, the user freezes on the rope, and the electronic system control / diagnostics provides monitoring of the functioning of the mechanized drum and control mechanism and, if a malfunction is detected, switching the traction generator to the fifth, variyny mode.

In some embodiments, when the load detecting means detects the application of the weight of the specified object to the component for applying traction, instead of initiating a fall and lowering mode, the load detecting means can be configured to, in the case of detecting a load, equal to the load detected by this means in the first calibration mode as applied to the component of the application of traction, switch the generator of traction to the third mode, the mode of easy lifting. In this mode, the traction generator first acts on the component for applying traction until the load detected by the load detecting means becomes equal to the weight of the component for applying traction, and the means of applying lifting force stops applying, through the traction generator, lifting force to the component for traction.

In this embodiment, the user is held on a tightened rope (which prevents it from falling), since in the non-light lifting mode the traction generator prevents the rope from becoming weak between the object using the system and the traction generator, while the means of applying the lifting force ceases to be applied by the traction generator forces, lifting force to the component to apply traction.

Alternatively, the load detecting means may be configured to, in the case of detecting a load equal to the load detected by the means in the first calibration mode as applied to the pulling force application component, act on the lifting force applying means so that this means reduces the lightening coefficient a load provided by the means of application of traction to a value close to 0%. As a result, the actual lifting force will be reduced substantially to 0 kgf, although the system will remain in light lifting mode.

If a malfunction is detected during the fifth emergency mode, it may be necessary to reconfigure it to ensure further operation of the system.

According to a fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for facilitating a lift for a user in working conditions at height. This method includes the following operations:

ensuring the availability of rope;

detecting the load applied to the rope in the first direction;

selection of the level provided to the user to facilitate lifting;

determination of lifting force in accordance with the equation hf = dl × a, where: hf is the lifting force; dl is the detected load (load detected by the load detection means), and is the load relief coefficient, expressed as a percentage, and

applying a lifting force in the second direction to balance the load applied to the rope in the first direction.

The method may further include one or more of the following operations: issuing a signal to the user fastened to the rope to complete the determination of the lifting force; providing a predetermined time delay between the operations of determining the lifting force as a fraction of the detected load applied to the rope; applying a lifting force to balance the load applied to the rope and relieving the lifting force in response to a change in the detected load applied to the rope.

Various embodiments of the invention will be described below, the features of which may correspond to those of the first, second, third and / or fourth aspects of the invention. Although various options are described with respect to facilitating climbing, it should be clear from the following description that the options are applicable to any type of lifting and / or lowering of an object, such as a human user.

The traction generator is preferably driven by a manual drive automatically or by any other suitable means.

In some embodiments, it is desirable that the traction generator is driven by an electric motor or other similar device. Alternatively, the generator may be driven by a manual drive or some kind of automatic power source.

In a group of options, the traction generator is a drum driven by an electric motor.

Alternatively, a mechanized drum may be driven by a manual drive or some kind of automatic energy source.

In some embodiments of the invention, in the second mode, light lift mode, and / or in the third mode, light lift mode, the control mechanism instructs the traction generator to act on the component to apply traction until the load detected by the load detection means is will become essentially equal to the weight of this component.

In embodiments corresponding in particular to the third aspect of the invention, the control mechanism may control, by means of an electronic control / diagnostic system, the traction generator so that it acts on the component to exert traction until the load detected by the load detection means, will not become essentially equal to the weight of this component. When the load detected by the load detecting means becomes substantially equal to the weight of this component in the mode of easy lifting, the traction generator receives a command to stop. If the load detected by the load detecting means becomes substantially equal to the weight of the component in the mode of light lifting, first the traction generator also receives a command to stop. However, the lifting force application means continues to exert, through the traction generator, a lifting force to the component for applying the traction force.

Thus, in some embodiments of the invention, in the implementation of the second mode, the mode of lightweight lifting, and / or the third mode, the mode of lightweight lifting, the control mechanism prevents the slack of the rope by instructing the drum to wind the rope when it is sagged.

In particular, in the embodiments according to the third aspect of the invention, the control mechanism can prevent the rope from sagging by issuing the appropriate command to the drum via the electronic control / diagnostic system (reel the rope when it is sagged). In some embodiments, the electronic control / diagnostic system may be configured to detect situations where a slack of a rope is created at the initiative of a user trying to manually unwind the rope without applying a load to it. In these embodiments, the user can rewind the rope to a certain limit, after which the system will detect the presence of slack.

In a number of embodiments, the electronic control / diagnostic system can be configured to prevent the rope from being pulled by the drum if a load less than a threshold value is detected within a predetermined time. Thus, if the measured load is less than a predetermined threshold, the system will rewind the rope only for a short time so that the rope does not appear to be removed from the user if he forgot to attach it to something after he stopped using it. This situation can be detected by the smoothness of the rope winding. If the system detects a constant force when winding the rope for some time, not typical for climbing, winding the rope on the drum will be stopped after a certain period of time.

In the mode of easy lifting, after sampling slack, the drum will receive a command to stop. In the mode of facilitated lifting, after sampling the slack, the drum will also receive a command to stop, but the lifting force application tool continues to apply lifting force to the rope through the drum.

If the rope receives a slight pull, for example, if the user performs a controlled descent, the drum may receive a command to issue the rope. In the fall and descent mode, when the user's full weight is applied to the rope, the drum receives a command to stop. After that, the unwinding of the rope can be initiated in order to lower the user to the ground in one of the ways described below. In emergency mode, the drum stops and an alarm is issued.

In emergency mode, the apparatus and the system according to the invention will keep the drum stopped until the malfunction is eliminated or until another mode is switched.

In the event of a non-catastrophic malfunction (for example, in the case of inconsistent sensor readings or power outages), the "forced return" mode will be activated, in which the uninterruptible power supply is turned on. This mode disables all complex functions of the system (including lifting facilitation) and includes all sound sources of alarm to inform the user about the need to return to a safe level and check the system. If available, the electronic control / diagnostic system receives input signals from all remaining active parts of the control mechanism, including sensors.

In a number of options, the electronic control / diagnostic system controls the power of the drum, responding to signals from the rest of the control mechanism. In a typical embodiment, the drum receives energy from a three-phase electric motor, and the electronic control / diagnostic system controls the inverter, which, in turn, controls the speed and direction of rotation of the motor and, therefore, the drum. In addition, the control / diagnostic system performs the diagnostic function. This function can be implemented at various levels. Sensors, such as microswitches or potentiometers, can be connected to the control / diagnostic system, as will be described later. Their signals can be compared with each other, and any discrepancy initiates an emergency mode. Similarly, the input signals of the inverter can be compared with its output signals in order to initiate an emergency mode if necessary. Signals from other sensors can also be fed to the input of the diagnostic system, for example, independently detecting the movement of the drum. The control mechanism may also have additional, “redundant” sensors for cross-checking purposes. The diagnostic function makes an important additional contribution to the safety of the machine to facilitate lifting. Although the risk of a malfunction in the control system may be small, the consequences can be serious, potentially leading to serious damage or even death to the user. For example, if the drum, as a result of a malfunction, uncontrollably gives out a rope, the user may be deprived of protection at a dangerous height. In this regard, it seems unlikely that the apparatus according to the invention for facilitating climbing without an appropriate self-diagnosis system will be able to obtain permission for use from the appropriate control body.

It is preferable to perform a programmable control / diagnostic system.

It is desirable that the inverter controlling the speed and direction of rotation of the drum is also programmable. Programmable control system and inverter provide the ability to integrate a variety of functions into the control system, as well as operational control of the speed and direction of rotation of the drum with almost endless possibilities. This will allow you to change the functioning of the apparatus and system according to the invention to facilitate lifting in accordance with the conditions and nature of their application (as will be described later) simply by reprogramming the electronic control / diagnostic system.

It seems obvious that the term “rope” also includes any type of cord capable of withstanding the load. In addition, the rope can be made of natural or synthetic fibers, a woven tape or belt, steel wire or steel cable, cable, etc. In this case, it is desirable that the load calibration device, apparatus and system for facilitating lifting can be used individually or in conjunction with a conventional climbing rope (hereinafter referred to as the working rope), so that the climbing conditions when using the invention accurately reproduce climbing with a partner using the same ropes .

The control mechanism can be designed or programmed so that in the modes of lightweight and lightweight lifts, the drum reels up the rope as soon as it has slack, and also gives out the rope in cases of light tension, the force of which is less than the user's weight. This option constantly maintains the correct tightness of the rope when climbing, for example, with upper or lower insurance, while at the same time allowing the user to select as many ropes as necessary for freedom of movement.

However, for greater safety, especially if the user is inexperienced, it may be desirable to somewhat limit the capabilities of the drum. So, when climbing with top insurance in light and light climbing modes, only rope winding can be provided, which then simply stops, i.e. the rope does not unwind under light tension. This method of operation prevents the user from selecting a significant amount of rope from the drum, which could lead to insufficient user protection in the event of a fall.

For safety reasons, in embodiments of the invention in which the control mechanism controls the drum in various ways in the case of climbing with upper or lower belay, the apparatus for facilitating the lifting is preferably provided with safety means, such as a conventional key lock or electronic combination lock, which prevents attempts to use it in a way that is not compatible with the climbing option used (with upper or lower insurance).

If during climbing some part of the rope was unwound from the drum and the rope is loose, it should be rewound onto the drum again for later use. It was found that, if only some tension is not created in the rope during winding, it can be wound loosely in such situations. Such free (loose) turns can cling to the mechanical parts of the apparatus to facilitate lifting, thereby violating its correct and safe functioning. Therefore, the apparatus according to the invention can be further provided with a pressure roller configured to apply a load between the rope wound on the drum and the drum. The pinch roller assembly only functions when a special reeling mode is selected so as not to interfere with the normal functioning of the control mechanism, which depends on the tension of the rope. The presence of the pinch roller also contributes to the winding of the rope on the drum in the required manner in the form of regular successive layers.

In necessary cases, for example, when a very long rope is used in the apparatus to facilitate lifting, especially a thin rope such as a steel cable, the apparatus can be additionally equipped with a folding mechanism that improves control of the formation of rope layers on the drum. Well-known devices that independently provide a layout when winding large lengths of cable or rope. Such a device may, for example, contain a guide that pulls the rope and moves during the winding forward and backward along the width of the drum to position the turns of the rope during their winding on the drum.

When the apparatus of the invention is operated, the rope is kept taut. When climbing with top insurance, the control mechanism turns on the drum motor to wind the rope as soon as the rope sags, i.e. will be loose. This effectively simulates a situation in which the user has a partner keeping the rope taut to ensure that in the event of a fall the user does not fly any significant distance in free fall before being held. In the event of a fall, the control mechanism according to the invention switches to fall mode and stops the drum.

If the drum is rotated by an engine connected via a gear, then depending on the gear ratio in the chain that includes the engine and the gear, the user may be “suspended” on the rope near the point where it fell, or the user’s weight will be sufficient turning the drum, gear and engine, which will lead to a slow lowering of the user down. Preferably, the option is selected when the user is held close to the point at which he fell. In this case, the fallen user can simply continue climbing by climbing, returning to the surface on which he climbed to continue climbing, or use the remote control to activate the descent sequence, as described below, to fall to the ground when power is supplied to drum. It is easy to understand that the rope should not be unwound from the drum when the user climbs on a suitable surface or is motionless, i.e. It stands on the surface on which it must rise (hereinafter - the working surface), or is held on it. Such provisions should not lead to a situation where the rope sags, so that the user will not be adequately protected in the event of a fall. Accordingly, under normal conditions, the control mechanism allows the descent only if the user pulls the rope with his weight.

The control mechanism according to the invention preferably also comprises a timer, after a predetermined period, automatically activating actions to safely lower the user to the ground, if the user's weight is applied to the rope.

This mode of automatic lowering, after a predetermined period, the user who pulls the rope with his weight, is especially convenient when teaching children or beginners to climb. They are not required to use the remote control to go down after they have spent a certain time trying to make the climb. Since lowering takes place in a slow and controlled manner, they can, if they wish, be fixed on the work surface again without compromising safety. The lowering process stops immediately, as soon as the rope ceases to be pulled by the full weight of the user, and the control mechanism enters the normal mode of keeping the rope taut. Optionally, this period can be made zero so that the lowering begins as soon as the rope is pulled by the user's weight.

The apparatus according to the invention preferably comprises a remote control for activating the apparatus with its arrival in the first, second or third mode and for issuing a command to the control mechanism to start unwinding the rope for descent when the apparatus is in the fourth mode. The remote control is preferably wireless. There may also be a duplicate of this remote control, which can provide wired or wireless communications, allowing the assistant, if necessary, to control the system, for example, in an emergency. The user usually stores the remote control in a convenient place attached to his equipment or clothing. In this case, there is no need for a partner or assistant at any stage of recovery. The remote control can be programmed so that the user can stop during lowering. This feature allows users to once again gain a foothold in a selected place on the wall to resume lifting. It is also useful in industrial applications where positioning is required precisely at the desired location.

It should be understood that in some circumstances, for example when servicing an artificial work surface, it would be useful to be able to use the drum as a hoist to lift the person performing the maintenance work. In such cases, the lifting force may exceed 100%. For these conditions, the normal "fault-tolerant" functioning of the drum can be canceled, for example by entering a key or code into the remote control, which will make available for the control mechanism an additional forced lifting mode, allowing the apparatus according to the invention to carry out winding under load (with a taut rope). The use of the apparatus of the invention as a lift can be useful in many industrial applications. When using a mechanized drum (with sufficient torque), the apparatus according to the invention can be used to lift various loads, such as building materials, while a second such apparatus can carry a user who needs to use these materials. Moreover, when required, the user can also be lifted by the apparatus according to the invention directly to the desired position. For safety reasons, it is advisable that two ropes be used when lifting the user. When using two ropes, it is desirable that the drum of the apparatus to facilitate lifting be divided into two winding sections, each of which can work with a separate rope. In this embodiment, both ropes are serviced by a single apparatus to facilitate lifting. Alternatively, two apparatuses according to the invention can be used, each of which operates with a rope connected to a force-lifting user. When using two devices, they can be installed at different angles of the wall of the building. This will provide the “user” the opportunity to be raised to any point along the height and width of the wall of the building by setting the appropriate lengths of ropes wound around each of the two spatially spaced drums. To prevent improper use of the device, in particular, lifting people to high heights (with the occurrence of potentially dangerous situations), the function of the people’s lift is limited by the fact that the lift is carried out in discrete segments (usually within 1 s). This mode is acceptable for emergency assistance, but inconvenient for moving over long distances.

When using the device to facilitate lifting as a commercial lift, the remote control system can also be equipped with a timer, which will allow you to use the device for a paid time. Alternatively or additionally, the control mechanism itself may be equipped with a timer, making this use of the apparatus possible for a paid time.

Although when used for climbing with top insurance, an apparatus to facilitate lifting can be installed on the upper edge of the working surface, so that the rope moves away from it down, it is even more convenient to install it on the ground or at an intermediate height. The possibility of using the drum when climbing with top insurance is provided in this case by throwing the rope through a pulley mounted above the working surface. Installing the drum at the bottom of the lifting point provides convenient access to it for maintenance, while at the same time allowing it to be used when climbing with lower insurance. In some situations, for example, when an apparatus for facilitating lifting is designed to ensure safety for a user working on the outer surface of a building, this apparatus can be installed with the ability to move along rails or rails (monorail). Such a scheme can be implemented in a sports facility (climbing wall). In this case, an apparatus for facilitating climbing when climbing with top insurance can be installed on rails passing along the upper edge of the working surface (wall) or structure.

In this case, the apparatus to facilitate lifting can be moved to any desired position.

An apparatus for facilitating lifting mounted on a rail (rails) can easily move, for example on wheels, along a predetermined path, for example along the upper edge of a building. This will provide access, using an apparatus to facilitate lifting, to any part of the wall of the building. Optionally, the movement of the apparatus along the guides can be controlled remotely. If it becomes necessary to move the user along a predetermined path, possibly at a varying height, the apparatus for facilitating lifting can be programmed to move along the guide and to unwind or unwind the rope, providing the desired path. For other applications, such as caring for trees, servicing wind turbines or similar structures or other climbing work, the apparatus of the invention, to give it mobility, can be easily mounted on a truck or other vehicle.

When using lower insurance, the working rope is kept taut and unwound only during the lifting of the user, with some tension being applied to the rope. If the user breaks, the control mechanism will switch the drum to fall and lower mode, so that the user immediately becomes held by a rope, departing from the highest of the used insurance points, after which it can be lowered to the ground at a given (safe) speed, as it happens when climbing with top insurance. When climbing with lower belay it is especially important to ensure high-quality control of the rope tension and the operations of its winding / unwinding by means of a drum. Unlike climbing with top insurance, the control mechanism must allow the user to unwind a certain length of rope from the drum so that part of the rope can be lifted during lifting to snap into the next point of the insurance (such as a temporary or permanent eyebolt or pull-out) . The process of "unwinding" the rope should be carried out quickly, at about twice the speed compared with the normal functioning of the apparatus. However, this process should not start the mechanism of overcoming the set parameters, which could cause unwinding to too long or stop the drum. Similarly, after the rope has been snapped to the next point of insurance, the device must rewind the excess length of the rope in order to return to its previous tightness. Tests have shown that the described electronic control system provides the required optimal safety and reliable operation when climbing with lower insurance.

The control mechanism may include: a hinge made in such a way that when using the apparatus to facilitate lifting, the mechanized drum is in the first position when the rope is not stretched, and rotates around the axis of the hinge to the second position when the rope is under tension; at least one switch to control the energy supply to the drum, capable of being activated during use of the apparatus at the moments of transitions of the mechanized drum between the first and second positions, and a mechanism for overcoming the set parameters, capable of being activated during the operation of the apparatus to facilitate lifting when the rope is under load substantially equal to or greater than the weight of the user associated with the rope, and to enable the drum to unwind the rope.

Preferably, the hinge allows the mechanized drum to rotate about a horizontal axis. It is advisable to position the hinge close to the equilibrium point for the drum and its associated motor (but not at this point). In this case, the drum will be inclined relative to the horizontal position, as a rule, leaning on a support (or ground) with one of its ends. When the rope is pulled, the drum moves from the first position to the second and returns to the first position under the influence of gravity when the rope sags.

It should be clear that other variants of the control mechanism according to the invention are possible. So, if the drum under the action of the tension of the rope rotates around a vertical axis, the return of the drum to its first position when releasing the tension can be ensured by the action of a power component, such as a spring.

The switch or switches for controlling the functioning of the drum may be microswitches installed at the contact point of the end of the drum with a support or ground. When the drum is rotated (swinging), the microswitch is activated by pressure from the drum in contact with the support or the ground. Alternatively, other switches can be used in the control mechanism, for example, tilting.

When climbing with top insurance, the circuit breakers are used to start winding the rope when it is not pulled and the drum is in the first position. When the rope is tensioned, and the drum goes into the second position, the switch (s) provides (ensure) the stop of the drum. In order to achieve smooth operation with continuous rope winding when the user is climbing, and almost immediately stopping when the user pauses, it is desirable that the range of rotation of the drum in the hinge be small, typically being only 5 mm.

When climbing with lower insurance, the switches control another operation. The rope unwinds, being slightly stretched, and stops when slack appears or when the tension is substantially equal to or greater than the weight of the user. The mechanism for overcoming the set parameters is triggered when the user's weight is applied to the rope, i.e. when the apparatus to facilitate lifting has been switched to fall and lower mode. In this situation, lowering the user to the ground may be desirable or necessary. The mechanism for overcoming the set parameters sends a signal to the electronic control / diagnostic system, which can give permission for descent, for example, if it is enabled by the timer or set from the remote control that the user has (as described above).

The mechanism for overcoming the set parameters may contain a power component that prevents the circuit breaker (microswitch) from tripping until at least the user's weight is applied to the rope and the tension created by it transfers the drum from its original position to the position in which the circuit breaker operates. Such a power component may, for example, comprise a compression spring or a counterweight.

Alternative mechanisms to overcome established parameters can be used. For example, the release of a drum for unwinding a rope may be initiated after an electronic load sensor or strain gauge detects a load applied to the drum-rope assembly. When using an electric motor to drive a drum, electronic monitoring of engine load can be used.

Preferably, the control mechanism further comprises a remote control device for supplying power for rotating the drum and for disabling the normal mode of the control mechanism when required, for example for servicing it, as described previously.

The control mechanism preferably comprises a lever (lever unit), actuated, in the process of functioning of the apparatus, with a rope, and means of influencing the lever. The lever and the specified means are made in such a way that when using the device to facilitate lifting, the lever is held by the specified means in the first position until the rope is under tension, and goes into the second position when the rope is pulled. The control mechanism also includes at least one switch for controlling power for the drum, which is activated when the lever transitions between its first and second positions, and a mechanism for overcoming the set parameters, which is activated when the rope is under tension substantially equal to or greater than the weight of the user, connected with this rope, and which, during the operation of the apparatus, allows the drum to unwind the rope until the tension decreases.

A switch or switches operating (triggered) when the lever is turned can be, for example, microswitches that are activated by contact with the lever. As an alternative to microswitches, a potentiometer can be used. A potentiometer that can be mounted on the drum bearing responds to lever movements to provide constant feedback on the position and / or movement of the lever for the programmable electronic control system. This scheme allows you to reduce the number of moving parts at the same time as increasing the sensitivity to movement of the lever.

As a means of influencing the lever, it is possible to apply, for example, a load or weights, providing (ensuring) holding the lever in the first position. It is advisable to adjust the sensitivity of the control mechanism for various situations by varying the number or weight of installed loads. When testing the apparatus according to the invention in the version with a lever assembly, it was found that the weight of the load, optimal for various lifting situations, can vary significantly (in the case of tested equipment from 1 kgf to 9 kgf), for example, depending on the friction experienced by the rope passing along the working surface and through the intermediate points of insurance. As an alternative to weights, the lever acting means may comprise an actuating component with an electric drive, tensioning the acting component, for example a spring, which creates a variable load on the lever. The advantage of this option is that it is easily adjustable to provide a lever load that is optimal for a particular situation. When the user prepares to climb a wall or other obstacle, he can control the controller (for example, by turning the scale) to gradually increase the load applied to the lever by actuating and acting components. As soon as the rope begins to rise under the action of the drum, the load on the lever is set so as to compensate for the friction experienced by the rope. If the actuator and actuator components are used to create a variable load on the lever, the described use of a potentiometer to determine the position of the lever is especially desirable. An electronic control / diagnostic system can be applied to control the actuating component in order to apply an increasing load to the lever through the acting component.

As an alternative to the arrangement in which the engine drives the drum directly through a gear train, a clutch mechanism may be introduced into the drive chain. Thus, the engine can constantly drive a shaft through a gear transmission, to which the drum is connected only when the clutch mechanism, for example an electromagnetic clutch, is activated. In order to control the operation of the coupling, in this embodiment, for example, a control mechanism may be used containing the lever already described and means for influencing it.

This option is applicable when climbing with both upper and lower insurance.

When climbing with top insurance, when the rope is not stretched, the control mechanism activates the clutch, and the drum reels the rope. When the rope is pulled, the clutch is disconnected from the drive shaft, which leads to a stop of the drum.

When climbing with lower insurance, when the rope is under tension (insufficient to activate the mechanism to overcome the established parameters), the coupling is connected to the drive shaft to ensure the issuance of the rope. When the rope is not tensioned, the clutch is disconnected from the shaft, and winding stops.

Since the drum in this case is not directly related to the gear transmission, the engine has no rotation restrictions for the quick delivery of the rope when the rope is loaded with the weight of the user. Therefore, to prevent uncontrolled descent after tripping (as a result of applying the user's weight to the rope) of a switch that turns off the normal mode of the control mechanism, the coupling receives a command to quickly connect to and disconnect from the drive shaft. The result is a slow lowering of the user to the ground, since the drum is then driven into rotation by the weight of the user, then is braked by short-term engagement / disengagement of the coupling with the drive shaft.

This embodiment is particularly preferred. It allows you to use more than one drum complete with a single engine. The engine constantly rotates the shaft, to which several drums can be connected mutually offset along the shaft, for example, installed along the upper edge of the climbing wall with upper insurance. Each drum, when required, is connected to the drive shaft through a coupling driven by control mechanisms, as described above. This allows multiple users to practice climbing without having to have a separate engine for each user. In addition, if the rope is loaded with the user's weight, the descent is carried out automatically without the need for a command from the remote control.

It should be understood that the features of the first, second, third, and / or fourth aspects of the invention may also be present in embodiments consistent with other aspects of the invention.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Other preferred features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of some of its variants, illustrated by the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 shows a simple version of the system according to the invention for facilitating climbing when climbing with top insurance.

Figures 2a-2b schematically illustrate the use of the system of the invention to facilitate climbing with upper or lower harness.

Figures 3a-3b show another embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention for facilitating climbing with an alternative control mechanism.

Figure 4 presents a variant of a system for facilitating climbing, in which three reels for winding a rope are driven by a single motor with which they are connected by means of clutch mechanisms.

Figure 5 presents another alternative system to facilitate climbing.

FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of a climbing system equipped with a pinch roller mechanism.

On figa, 7b schematically illustrates the use of a system to facilitate climbing, providing access to the wall of the building.

On Fig presents a block diagram explaining the principle of operation of the system to facilitate climbing in accordance with a variant of the invention.

Similar components have the same designation in all the drawings.

The implementation of the invention

Figure 1 shows a variant of the system according to the invention for facilitating climbing. It is made on the basis of an apparatus 1 for facilitating climbing, which contains an electric motor 2, which drives the central shaft 4 of the drum 6 through a gear 8.

The drum, electric motor and gear transmission are mounted on the frame 10, which has a frame 12 mounted on a horizontal hinge axis 14, slightly offset from the equilibrium point 16 of the apparatus. In the absence of the load applied through the working rope 9, the frame 10 is tilted by the application of gravity with the weight of the apparatus to the support 18. When the rope 9 is pulled, the frame 10 makes a swinging movement until it stops in the second support 19.

In the presented example, the apparatus 1 for facilitating climbing should be installed at the top of the structure and used when climbing with top insurance, with the issuance of the rope 9 in the lower direction through the cutout 20 in the frame 12.

The control mechanism 21 includes an electronic control / diagnostic system 22 and an inverter 23 for controlling the electric motor 2. The control mechanism 21 also includes a load sensor 200 and an application means (setter) 300 of the lifting force. When using the system to facilitate climbing, when the rope 9 is not tensioned (i.e. sagging), the frame rests on the support 18. At the same time, the microswitch 24 located between the frame 12 and the support 18 is activated, the signal from which enters the electronic control / diagnostic system 22 , and this system can command the inverter 23 to supply power to the motor 2 to ensure that the rope 9 is wound around the drum 6. When the slack of the rope 9 is selected and the rope is pulled, the apparatus 1 will make a rocking motion around axis 14 and so forth. comes into contact with the second support 19. As a result of this contact, the second microswitch 28 is activated, which will give the electronic control / diagnostic system 22 a signal to stop the engine 2 if the user uses the easy lift mode.

In alternative embodiments, microswitch 28 may be replaced by load / pressure sensors through which the rope passes. In other embodiments, the apparatus of the invention is a drum, the axis of which the shaft is provided with a torque sensor.

If the user wants to use the light lift mode, you must first use the calibration mode. The user calibrates the system, applying to the rope 9 his full weight for a given period of 3-5 s. The load sensor 200 detects the weight of the user, and the load adjuster 300 determines the level of lift that must be applied to the rope by the drum. The value of the applied lifting force "hf" is determined by multiplying the required coefficient of "a" light load (specified in percent) by the value "dl" of the detected load. Before activating the system, the user can program the value of the coefficient "a". In typical situations, this value will lie between 10% and 70%. Upon completion of the calibration mode, when the user begins to climb, the rope 9 will be rolled onto the drum 6, and the microswitch 28 will be activated as a result of the contact of the frame 12 with the second support. Its signal will indicate to the adjuster 300 of the lifting force, that from the side of the drum 6 to the rope 9 should be applied lifting force.

On the second support 19 there is also a mechanism 30 for overcoming the set parameters, comprising a compression spring and a third microswitch.

When the rope 9 ceases to undergo tension (since the user has ascended to a certain height), the apparatus for facilitating climbing is rotated by gravity and rests on the first support 18. In this case, the operation of the first microswitch 24 again initiates the winding of the rope. Thus, the swinging of the apparatus around axis 14 as the rope 9 is pulled and sagged as a result of user actions is used to control the functioning of the drum 6 in order to maintain the desired tension of the rope 9 during climbing.

In the modes of lightweight and lightweight lifting in the event of a fall of the user, the rope 9 is pulled by the full weight of the user. Therefore, the apparatus 1 will rotate around the axis 14 until it stops in the second support 19, activating the second microswitch 28, so that the engine 2 will be stopped (not powered). The load sensor 200 determines that the user's total weight is applied to the rope 9 by comparing the perceived load with the load detected during calibration. The gear ratio of the gear 8 is selected so as to keep the user in the same position while he is hanging on the rope. The tension of the rope 9 under the influence of the user's weight compresses the spring, causing the third microswitch to operate as part of the mechanism 30 to overcome the set parameters. Activation of this mechanism makes descent possible. If a frustrated user wants to go down, he can turn on his wireless remote control (not shown) to instruct the electronic control / diagnostic system 22 to initiate the unwinding of the rope 9 from the drum 6.

If calibration has not been carried out, the fall or descent mode is started by applying any weight to the rope 9.

Similarly, if the user who completed the climb wants to go down, he simply stops his contact with the work surface in order to pull the rope 9 with his weight. This will trigger the mechanism 30 to overcome the set parameters, after which it will be possible to use the remote control to initiate the unwinding of the rope.

On figa illustrates the use of the system and apparatus 1 to facilitate the climbing of figure 1 when climbing (climbing) with top insurance. The apparatus 1 for facilitating climbing is located above the surface (wall) 32, on which the lift. The user 34 rises along the wall, being attached (fastened) to the rope 9, connected with the apparatus 1 to facilitate climbing. The rope 9 is supported taut by means of its controlled winding by the apparatus 1, as described with reference to FIG. The user 34 has a remote control 38 of the wireless remote control, which serves to activate the apparatus 1 to facilitate climbing at the beginning of the ascent and to initiate the descent (unwinding of the rope) when the rope is pulled by the user's weight and the mechanism for overcoming the set parameters is activated.

Fig. 2b shows an alternative climbing scheme with top insurance, in which the climbing apparatus 1 is located at the base of the climbing surface (wall) 32. A rope 9 extends upward and around a pulley 40 mounted above the surface 32, and from it goes down to the user 34.

On figa, 3b presents another variant of the apparatus to facilitate climbing, in which, instead of a swinging drum, gear and engine, to control the operation of the drum uses lever movements. The drum 6 is mounted on the supporting frame 10 in bearings 44 located at the ends of its drive shaft 4. For clarity, the engine and gear drive the shaft 4 of the drum in rotation are not shown. The rope 9 is shown only in side view (figa), in which the drum is not shown. At both ends of the drum, a single angular (L-shaped) lever 46 is mounted in hinges 48 so that they can rotate around a common axis parallel to the shaft 4 of the drum from the first position (shown in solid lines in Fig. 3a) to the second position (shown on figa dashed lines).

Each lever 46 has a substantially vertical shoulder 50 and a substantially horizontal shoulder 52 defining its L-shaped profile. The levers 46 are connected to each other by a horizontal roller 54 attached at their ends to the upper ends of the vertical arms 50 of the L-shaped arms 46 to form a control lever assembly 56. The vertical arms are long enough to prevent the roller 54 from contacting the drum located underneath so that the working rope 9 will bend around it, even when fully wound.

The horizontal arms 52 of the L-shaped arms 46 serve as weights that tend to rotate the control lever assembly 56 in the hinges 48 to a first position in which one of the vertical arms 50 is in contact with the first microswitch 58 and activates it.

The working rope 9 wound on the drum 6 extends upward from it, then goes around the roller 54 of the control lever assembly and the fixed roller 60 and goes up to the user (not shown in FIGS. 3a, 3b). The fixed roller 60 mounted on the supporting frame 10 can rotate around a horizontal axis parallel to the axis of the roller 54 of the control link assembly 56 (but offset relative to it in the horizontal plane when this assembly is in the first position). The fixed roller 60 is offset relative to the roller 54 in a direction opposite to the direction in which the control lever assembly 56 is displaced by the weight of the horizontal arms of the L-shaped levers. When climbing with upper belay in the mode of light lifting when the rope 9 is not tensioned, the control lever assembly is retracted to the first position and the microswitch 58 is activated, giving the electronic control / diagnostic system 22 a signal to activate the engine and gear to ensure the rope is reeled up 9 per drum 6 (slack selection). When the rope 9 is pulled, its segment between the fixed roller 60 and the drum pulls the control lever assembly to a second position, in which, as a result of contact with the vertical arm 50 of one of the L-shaped levers 46, the second microswitch 62 is actuated, so that the electronic control system 22 / diagnostics stops the engine and, accordingly, the drum 6.

If (during the further lifting of the user) the tension of the rope 9 loosens, the control lever unit 56 returns, under the action of the weight of the horizontal shoulders 52 of the L-shaped levers 46, to the first position, i.e. the movement of the control lever unit 56 between the first and second positions depending on the tension and sagging of the rope 9 as a result of user actions is used to control the functioning of the drum 6 in order to maintain the required tension of the rope 9 when climbing with top insurance.

To facilitate climbing, the system is calibrated, which is described in relation to the previous options, after which the lifting force adjuster sets the size of the lifting force applied to the rope 9 by means of the drum 6 when the second microswitch 62 is activated.

There is also a mechanism 64 to overcome the set parameters, triggered when the rope tension is equal to or exceeds the user's weight. In this embodiment, the signal to the control mechanism 21 to enter the descent mode is issued by a sensor measuring the load on the drum. In this mode, a user who is held in a constant position (the drum is stopped) can, if he wants to go down using the remote control, instruct the control mechanism to turn on the engine to start unwinding the rope and lowering the user to the ground.

For climbing with lower insurance, the operating mode of the drum 6, depending on the position of the control lever assembly 56, is reversed, i.e. the electronic control / diagnostic system 22 is programmed to respond differently to the signals of the microswitches. Drum 6 yields the rope when it is stretched (lever assembly in the second position); in this case, as the user rises, the rope is rolled up. The drum stops when the rope 9 is not tensioned (the lever assembly in the first position).

In this embodiment, when climbing with lower insurance, the mechanism 64 for overcoming the set parameters stops the drum 6 when the tension is equal to or exceeds the user's weight. This allows the user to continue lifting after falling without losing height due to unwinding of the rope immediately after falling.

Figure 4 presents a variant of the system according to the invention for facilitating the ascent to the upper edge of the working surface (wall) when climbing with top insurance. In normal mode, the engine 2 constantly rotates the shaft 4, mounted in the respective bearings 66. Three drums 6 with working ropes 9 are installed on the shaft 4, each of which can individually be coupled to the shaft using the corresponding electromagnetic clutch 68. Each clutch is individually controlled by control lever nodes 56 (for clarity, only one of these nodes is shown), similar to those used in the embodiment of FIG. 3. The control lever assemblies 56 respond to the tension of their respective ropes 9 by transmitting signals to the electronic control / diagnostic system 22, which drives the electromagnetic couplings 68 to connect or disconnect the drum 6 and the drive shaft or (in light lift mode) to activate the drum 6 for applying the required lifting force to the rope 9.

In the process of its use, each drum 6 is articulated through the coupling 68 with the shaft 4, when the corresponding rope 9 is not tensioned, as a result of which it is wound on the drum. When the rope is pulled, the control lever unit 56 moves and provides a corresponding signal to the electronic control / diagnostic system 22, which releases the clutch 68, stopping the winding. If the tension is equal to or exceeds the user's weight, the sensor detecting the load on the drum (mechanism 64 for overcoming the set parameters) sends a signal to the lowering mode in the electronic control / diagnostic system 22, in which the electromagnetic clutch 68 alternately quickly connects and disconnects the drum 6 and the drive shaft 4. The weight of the user, applied to the rope 9, causes the drum 6 to unwind it, but the lowering speed is limited by a safe level due to the braking effect during periods when the coupling 68 Drum 6 with a shaft 4.

Figure 5 presents a variant of the system according to the invention, similar to that shown in figure 3, but in which the control lever assembly 56 is not provided with weights serving as a means of its removal to the first position, and other means are used to detect the movement of the assembly 56. More specifically, the means that depresses the assembly 56 to the first position is a spring 70 exerting a force through the pulley 72. This force is controlled by an electric actuating component 74, which is controlled by an electronic control / diagnostic system 22 (not shown, see FIG. 3b) . In this embodiment, instead of microswitches, the position and movement of the node 56 are detected by a potentiometer 75, which is mounted on the drum bearing 6 and the signals from which enter the electronic control / diagnostic system 22 (see Fig. 3b) to control the functioning of the drum and component 74 The potentiometer 75 may be more sensitive than the circuit with microswitches, which will increase the sensitivity of the monitoring of the lever node.

In Fig.6 presents a variant, also similar to that presented in Fig.3. It uses a pinch roller 76, which is moved by means of an associated electric actuating component, which is capable of moving the pinch roller 76 along the arc indicated by arrow A. When the climbing apparatus 1 is used in normal mode, while climbing the pinch roller 76 is retracted from the fixed roller 60, so as not to interfere with the operation of the control lever assembly 56. If you want to wind on a drum (not shown in Fig.6, see Fig.3b) rope 9, not under tension (not attached warming to the user), the apparatus 1 for facilitating climbing is switched (switched) into the reeling mode, in which the corresponding actuating component brings the pressure roller 76 close to the fixed roller 60 to create pressure on the rope at point X. This creates the effect of rope tension during it winding onto the drum, ensuring that the rope does not form any loose turns on the drum.

On figa shows two apparatus 1, 1A according to the invention for facilitating climbing, located at the ends of the upper edge of the wall 82 of the building. The user 34 is connected via ropes 9, 9a to each of these devices. On command from a remote control (not shown), user 34 can be raised by means of apparatuses 1, 1a to facilitate climbing. By setting for each rope 9, 9a different lengths to be wound by means of apparatuses 1, 1a to facilitate climbing, the user can traverse the surface of the wall 82, as well as lifting or lowering.

7b, a climbing apparatus 1 is shown mounted on a rail 84 laid along the upper edge of a building wall 82. The user 34 is connected to the apparatus 1 for facilitating climbing, which uses a two-section drum, with two ropes 9, 9a. The second rope provides added security. In this case, the user, in order to rise or fall, can actuate the drum of the apparatus 1 to facilitate climbing. He can also drive the apparatus 1 in motion along the rail 84 by means of an electric motor. As a result, the user 34 is able to reach any part of the wall 82 to perform maintenance work on it.

On Fig presents a block diagram explaining the various modes of the calibration device, apparatus for facilitating climbing and systems to facilitate climbing.

Block 100 corresponds to the idle mode of the system to facilitate climbing when it is ready to start in the first mode (calibration mode) or in the third mode (light lift mode).

If the user (climber) wants to make an easy climb, he proceeds to step 110, at which the system operates in this mode to facilitate climbing. In this case, the operation of the drum is aimed at preventing rope slack between the user and the drum. In this case, a load detection means is used to detect the moment at which the user's weight is applied to the rope and to switch the drum to the fourth mode (fall or lower mode). In this mode, the drum is stopped, and the user freezes on the rope (it is "suspended" on it).

If the user decides to activate the lightweight lifting mode, he proceeds to step 120, where he applies his full weight to the rope to initiate the calibration mode, and the load detection means detects the created load. If the user applies only part of their weight to the rope, it will be calibrated for a lower level of load. After a specified period (3-5 s), the user is given a sound signal informing that the calibration mode has been successfully completed and the required lifting force is determined as a percentage of the load applied to the rope by the user. If a lifting force of 80% of the load applied to the rope is required, this value (80%) is programmed in the system to facilitate climbing until step 120. If the calibration mode is successfully completed, in the light lifting mode initiated in step 130, the lifting force provided by the means for applying this force will be 80% of the load detected by the load detecting means.

At step 140, the user climbs in a lightweight lifting mode in which, to make the lifting easier, a lifting force is applied to the rope through the drum.

At step 150, the user can complete the climb in the indicated mode.

Alternatively, if the user falls or stops for more than 5 s, the climbing system will remove the lifting force in step 160 and initiate, at the user's choice, the fall / lower mode or the non-light climb mode.

At step 170, the user can recalibrate the system to facilitate climbing and continue climbing in the easy climb mode. Alternatively, at step 180 (which should really follow step 110), he can continue climbing in the mode of easy climbing or carry out the descent without support.

The apparatus and system for facilitating climbing provide during the lifting process a level of user support (lifting force) that is always less than the user's weight, unless the forced lifting mode is activated. This eliminates the risk of incorrect user configuration of the system and, therefore, the risk of it being raised to a dangerous position.

Further, since the apparatus and system for facilitating climbing automatically (using the load detection means) detect a change in the load on the rope, no manual intervention is required when changing the load in the case of a change of users or in the case of leaving or receiving equipment with a corresponding decrease or increase in the load detected the specified tool.

Since the apparatus and system for facilitating climbing automatically (using the load detection means) detect a change in the load on the rope, there is no risk of saving the settings for the previous user when the next user appears.

Due to the efficient method of determining the allowable lifting force applied to the rope, this force can be made greater than is possible in known systems, since there is no risk of making this force exceed the load exerted on the rope.

In the described options can be made, without going beyond the scope of the invention, various modifications.

For example, although the options described (with reference to the drawings) relate primarily to climbing and facilitating climbing, it should be understood that the invention is applicable to any type of ascent and / or descent.

Thus, the invention can find application in many fields, for example, in industrial mountaineering, evacuation, rescue operations, rock climbing support, fall prevention and safety during high-altitude work.

Claims (65)

1. A device for calibrating the load, comprising:
traction generator;
a component for applying traction, functionally associated with the generator of traction and made with the possibility of application, when using the device, traction to the object,
and a control mechanism comprising load detecting means and lifting force application means and configured to control the traction generator in a first calibration mode in which the traction generator is stopped and the load detection means detecting a load applied by the object to the component for applying traction force moreover, the means of application of the lifting force is configured to determine the value of the lifting force, which must be applied to a component for applying traction by the traction generator, in accordance with the equation hf = dl × a, where: hf is the lifting force; dl is the detected load (the load detected by the load detection means), and is the load relief coefficient, expressed as a percentage, and the device is configured to provide the user with a signal indicating the successful completion of the device calibration. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the object contains a user. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the object contains equipment, tools or another inanimate object. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the traction generator contains one or more of the following components: a mechanized drum, hoist, mounting winch, capstan, pulley, counterweight and / or mechanized elevator. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the means of application of lifting effort contains a rope. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the traction generator is a mechanized drum, and the lifting force application means is a rope attached to the drum and, when using the device, attached to the object. 7. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the rope forms a continuous loop. 8. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the rope is attached at one end to the traction generator and, when using the device, its distal part to the object. 9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the component for applying traction is a platform. 10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the coefficient a lighten the load selected in the range of 0-99%. 11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the coefficient a load alleviation is selected in the range of 10-70%. 12. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the lifting force is selected not exceeding 140 kgf. 13. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the means of applying the lifting force is configured to determine the value of the lifting force, which must be applied to the component for the application of traction by the traction generator, after the possibility of detecting the load by the detection means load was provided for a given period. 14. The device according to item 13, wherein the predetermined period is selected in the range of 0-10 s. 15. A device for calibrating the load, comprising:
mechanized drum;
a rope attached to the drum and, when using the device, attached to the object,
and a control mechanism comprising means for detecting a load and means for applying a lifting force and configured to control a mechanized drum in a first calibration mode in which the drum is stopped and means for detecting a load detecting a load applied to the rope, wherein the means for applying a lifting force the ability to determine the value of the lifting force that must be applied to the rope by the drum, in accordance with the equation hf = dl × a, where: hf - by Removable effort; dl is the detected load (the load detected by the load detection means), and is the load relief coefficient, expressed as a percentage, and the device is configured to provide the user with a signal indicating the successful completion of the device calibration. 16. The device according to clause 15, wherein the rope forms a continuous loop. 17. The device according to p. 15, characterized in that the rope is attached at one end to the traction generator and, when using the device, its distal part to the user. 18. The device according to p. 15, characterized in that the coefficient alleviation of the load is selected in the range of 0-99%. 19. The device according to p. 18, characterized in that the coefficient a light load is selected in the range of 10-70%. 20. The device according to p. 15, characterized in that the lifting force is selected not exceeding 140 kgf. 21. The device according to any one of paragraphs.15-20, characterized in that the means of applying the lifting force is configured to determine the value of the lifting force that should be applied to the rope by the drum after the possibility of detecting the load by the means of detecting the load was provided for a predetermined period . 22. The device according to item 21, wherein the predetermined period is selected in the range of 0-10 s. 23. An apparatus for facilitating lifting, comprising:
traction generator;
a component for applying traction, functionally connected to the generator of traction and made with the possibility of application, when using the apparatus, traction to the object,
and a control mechanism comprising load detecting means and lifting force application means and configured to control the traction generator in a first calibration mode in which the traction generator is stopped and the load detection means detecting a load applied by the object to the component for applying traction force moreover, the means of application of the lifting force is configured to determine the value of the lifting force, which must be applied to a component for applying traction by the traction generator, in accordance with the equation hf = dl × a, where: hf is the lifting force; dl is the detected load (the load detected by the load detection means), and is the load relief coefficient, expressed as a percentage;
wherein the control mechanism is configured to switch the traction generator into the second mode, a light lifting mode in which the traction generator acts on the component to apply traction until the load detected by the load detection means becomes equal to the weight of the component for the application traction force, and the means of applying lifting force is configured to apply the specified specific lifting force to the component for applying traction by the generator driving force, wherein the lifting force acts on the component for application of the traction force in the direction opposite to the direction of load. 24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the object comprises a user. 25. The apparatus according to item 23, wherein the object contains equipment, tools or other inanimate object. 26. The apparatus according to item 23, wherein the traction generator contains one or more of the following components: a mechanized drum, hoist, mounting winch, capstan, pulley, counterweight and / or mechanized lift. 27. The apparatus according to item 23, wherein the means of application of lifting effort contains a rope. 28. The apparatus according to item 23, wherein the traction generator is a mechanized drum, and the means of applying the lifting force is a rope attached to the drum and, when using the device, attached to the object. 29. The apparatus according to item 27, wherein the rope forms a continuous loop. 30. The apparatus according to item 27, wherein the rope is attached at one end to the traction generator and, when using the device, its distal part to the object. 31. The apparatus according to item 23, wherein the component for applying traction is a platform. 32. The apparatus according to item 23, wherein the load alleviation coefficient a is selected in the range of 0-99%. 33. The apparatus according to item 23, wherein the load alleviation coefficient a is selected in the range of 10-70%. 34. The apparatus according to item 23, wherein the object is a person / user, and the lifting force is selected not exceeding 140 kgf. 35. The apparatus according to item 23, wherein the lifting force application means is configured to determine the level of lifting force that can be applied to the load in response to detecting said load by the load detecting means. 36. The apparatus according to item 23, characterized in that it is configured to, before implementing the first calibration mode, pre-calibration mode, in which the control mechanism provides control of the traction generator, aimed at equalizing the forces associated with the object, until load detecting means will not detect a constant load for a predetermined period. 37. The apparatus according to item 23, wherein the means of applying lifting force provides the ability to determine, in the first, calibration mode, the value of the lifting force that must be applied to the component for applying traction by the traction generator, after the possibility of detecting the load load detection means were provided for a predetermined period. 38. The apparatus according to clause 37, wherein the predetermined period is selected in the range of 0-10 s. 39. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the apparatus is configured to provide a user with a signal indicating successful completion of the apparatus calibration. 40. The apparatus according to any one of paragraphs.23-39, characterized in that the means of detecting the load is configured to detect, when implementing the specified mode of facilitated lifting, a change in the load acting on the component for applying traction. 41. The apparatus according to p. 40, characterized in that in the case of detection, when the specified mode of light lifting, the means of detecting the load changes the load acting on the component for applying traction, the control mechanism is able to switch the traction generator to the third mode, light mode a lift in which the traction generator first acts on the component to apply traction until the load detected by the load detection means becomes the apparent weight of the component for applying traction, and the means of applying lifting force does not exert, by means of a generator of traction, no lifting force to the component for applying traction. 42. The apparatus according to claim 40, characterized in that in the case of detection by the load detecting means, when the indicated mode of facilitated lifting is carried out, the load is substantially equal to the load detected by the specified load detecting means in the first calibration mode as applied to the traction application component force, the control mechanism is able to translate the traction generator into the fourth mode, the fall or lower mode, in which the traction generator is stopped, the means of application of the lifting gear tions does not apply, by the generator driving force, no lifting force to the component for traction applications, and user retention components for traction applications in a standing position. 43. An apparatus for facilitating climbing, comprising:
mechanized drum;
a rope attached to the drum and, when using the device, attached to the object,
and a control mechanism comprising means for detecting a load and means for applying a lifting force and configured to control a mechanized drum in a first calibration mode in which the drum is stopped and means for detecting a load detecting a load applied to the rope, wherein the means for applying a lifting force the ability to determine the value of the lifting force that must be applied to the rope by the drum, in accordance with the equation hf = dl × a, where: hf - by Removable effort; dl is the detected load (the load detected by the load detection means), and is the load relief coefficient, expressed as a percentage,
while the control mechanism is configured to switch the specified drum to the second mode, the mode of facilitated lifting, in which the specified drum ensures the prevention of slack of the rope between the user of the device and the drum, and the means of application of lifting force is made with the possibility of applying to the rope, through the drum, lifting force providing, to a predetermined degree, lifting relief for the user. 44. The apparatus according to item 43, wherein the coefficient a of light load is selected in the range of 0-99%. 45. The apparatus according to item 43, wherein the coefficient a light load is selected in the range of 10-70%. 46. The apparatus according to item 43, wherein the means of applying the lifting force provides the ability to determine, in the first, calibration mode, the value of the lifting force that should be applied to the rope by the drum after the possibility of detecting the load by means of detecting the load was provided for given period. 47. The apparatus according to item 46, wherein the predetermined period is selected in the range of 0-10 s. 48. The apparatus according to item 43, characterized in that it is configured to supply the user with a signal indicating the successful completion of the calibration of the apparatus. 49. The apparatus according to item 43, wherein the load detection means is configured to detect, when the specified mode of facilitated lifting, the load on the rope. 50. The apparatus according to § 49, characterized in that in the case of detection, when the indicated mode of light lifting is carried out, by means of detecting the load changing the load on the rope, the control mechanism is capable of providing the drum in the third mode, the mode of light lifting, in which the drum provides prevention slack of the rope between the user of the apparatus and the drum, and the means of applying the lifting force stops applying, by means of the drum, the lifting force to the rope. 51. The apparatus according to 49, characterized in that in the case of detection by means of detecting the load, when the specified mode of facilitated lifting, the load is essentially equal to the load detected by the specified means of detecting the load in the first calibration mode as applied to the rope, the mechanism control is able to put the drum in the fourth mode, the fall or lowering mode, in which the drum is stopped, the means of application of the lifting force does not apply any lifting force to the rope by means of slave, and the user holds the rope in a standing position. 52. The apparatus according to item 43, wherein the control mechanism is capable of translating the drum into the third mode, the mode of easy lifting, in which the drum prevents the rope from loosening between the user of the device and the drum, and the means of applying lifting force does not provide a lifting force to rope through the drum. 53. The apparatus according to paragraph 52, wherein the load detecting means is configured to detect, when the said mode of easy lifting is carried out, the weight of the user applied to the rope, and put the drum into the specified fall or lower mode, in which the drum is stopped, means application of lifting force stops applying, by means of a drum, lifting force to the rope, and the user hangs on the rope. 54. The apparatus according to any one of paragraphs 43-53, characterized in that it is configured to detect, during its use, a stop or pause in the movement of the user. 55. The apparatus according to item 54, wherein the control mechanism is configured to, in the case of detecting a pause or stop in the movement of the user, put the drum in the specified mode easy lifting, in which the drum is able to prevent slack of the rope between the user, the device and the drum, and the means of applying the lifting force stops applying, by means of the drum, the lifting force to the rope. 56. A system for facilitating lifting, comprising:
traction generator;
a component for applying traction, functionally connected to the generator of traction and configured to apply, when using the system, traction to the object,
and a control mechanism comprising load detecting means, an electronic control / diagnostic system and lifting force application means and configured to control the traction generator in a first calibration mode in which the traction generator is stopped and the load detection means detect the load applied by the object to a component for applying traction, and the means of applying lifting effort is configured to determine the lifting value a lot of force that must be applied to the component for applying traction by the traction generator in accordance with the equation hf = dl × a, where: hf is the lifting force; dl is the detected load (the load detected by the load detection means), and is the load relief coefficient, expressed as a percentage, with:
the control mechanism is configured to switch the traction generator into a second mode, a light lift mode in which the traction generator acts on the component to apply traction until the load detected by the load detection means becomes equal to the weight of the component for applying traction and the means of applying the lifting force is configured to apply the specified specific lifting force to the component for applying traction, among Twomey generator traction, traction, which facilitates the rise of the object;
the load detecting means is configured to detect, in the implementation of the specified mode of facilitated lifting, the weight of the object applied to the component for applying traction, and switch the traction generator to the fourth mode, the fall or lower mode, in which the traction generator is stopped, the object is held by traction applications, and the electronic control / diagnostic system monitors the operation of the traction generator and control mechanism and, when bnaruzhenii fault, switch the generator driving force in the fifth, the emergency mode. 57. The system of claim 56, wherein the object comprises a user. 58. The system of claim 56, wherein the object comprises equipment, tools, or another inanimate object. 59. The system of claim 56, wherein the traction generator comprises one or more mechanized drums, hoists, mounting winches, capstans, pulleys, counterweights and / or mechanized lifts. 60. The system according to any one of paragraphs.56-59, characterized in that the means of application of lifting effort contains a rope. 61. A system for facilitating climbing, comprising:
mechanized drum;
a rope attached to the drum and, when using the device, attached to the object,
and a control mechanism comprising load detecting means, an electronic control / diagnostic system and lifting force application means and configured to control the mechanized drum in a first calibration mode in which the drum is stopped, and the load detecting means detecting a load applied to the rope, the lifting force application means is configured to determine the value of the lifting force to be applied to the drum rope In accordance with equation hf = dl × a, where: hf - lifting force; dl is the detected load (the load detected by the load detection means), and is the load relief coefficient, expressed as a percentage; wherein:
the control mechanism is configured to switch the drum to the second mode, the mode of facilitated lifting, in which the drum ensures the prevention of rope slack between the user of the system and the drum, and the lifting force application means is configured to apply to the rope, by means of the drum, a lifting force providing degrees, ease of lifting for the user;
the load detection means is configured to detect the weight of the user applied to the rope and put the drum into the fourth mode, the fall or lower mode, in which the drum is stopped, the user hangs on the rope, and the electronic control / diagnostic system monitors the functioning of the mechanized drum and the control mechanism and, if a malfunction is detected, switching the drum to the fifth emergency mode. 62. The system of claim 61, characterized in that if a non-catastrophic failure is detected during the implementation of the indicated emergency mode, it is able to switch to the sixth mode, the forced return mode, in which all the complex functions of the system are turned off and all sound sources of alarm are turned on to inform the user about the need to return to a safe level and check the system. 63. The system according to p. 61 or 62, characterized in that it is configured to implement the seventh mode, the mode of discrete lifting of the user. 64. A method of facilitating a user lifting under conditions of work at height, comprising the following operations:
ensuring the availability of rope;
detection, by means of detecting a load, a load applied to the rope in a first direction;
selection of the level provided to the user to facilitate lifting;
determination of lifting force in accordance with the equation hf = dl × a, where: hf is the lifting force; dl is the detected load (the load detected by the load detection means), and is the load relief coefficient, expressed as a percentage,
applying a lifting force in the second direction to balance the load applied to the rope in the first direction, and
issuing to the user, fastened to the rope, a signal about the completion of the determination of lifting effort. 65. The method according to p. 64, characterized in that it further includes one or more of the following operations: providing a predetermined time delay between the operations of determining the lifting force as a fraction of the detected load applied to the rope; applying a lifting force to balance the load applied to the rope and relieving the lifting force in response to a change in the detected load applied to the rope.

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