RU2539149C1 - Method of growing pond fish - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises processing of fish roe and larvae with biologically active substances containing microbial mass of bacteria. Before spawning in the daily diet for breeders the probiotic "Prolam" is added in an amount of 0.6% by weight of the feed. The impregnated roe, and then larvae are treated with probiotic "Prolam" in the amount of 0.4% by weight of the roe with the exposition of 15 min. After transfer of larvae to exogenous feeding for the next 30 days the probiotic "Prolam" is added in the diet in an amount of 0.6% by weight of the feed. From the moment of transfer of the larvae to exogenous feeding and to complete growing of fingerlings, the probiotic "Bacell" is additionally added in the diet composition in an amount of 0.2% by weight of the feed.

EFFECT: invention enables to increase female fertility, roe impregnation and hatching larvae during incubation.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to fish farming, and in particular to the cultivation of juveniles in enterprises for breeding and reproduction of fish.

In commercial fish farming, the main task is to ensure the maximum yield of fish products in the shortest possible time. This means that it is necessary to have such foods that would maximize the flow of metabolic processes in fish. However, not only the composition of the feed and its quality ensure the use of transformed substances and energy for fish growth, but also the use of biologically active substances.

Currently, a known method of treating fish eggs with iodopolymer Monclavit-1. Caviar treatment is carried out twice: first, all caviar is treated in physiological saline with an exposure of 3-5 minutes, and then in separate containers with gentle stirring in a solution of Monclavit-1 in a concentration of 50 to 300 ml / 10 l of water with an exposure of 10-15 minutes. The second processing of caviar in a solution of Monclavite-1 is carried out when the caviar reaches the “eye” stage. With this method of treating fish caviar, there is a tendency to reduce the damage by caviar saprolegnia (RU 2421987, A01K 61/00 RF Patent. Method for increasing caviar resistance to diseases).

There is another method of treating fish eggs, which involves incubating fish eggs, mixing, exposure to a biologically active substance, and fertilized eggs during incubation are exposed to a peptide of the formula Arg-Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Gly. Fertilized Amur sturgeon caviar in the hydration stage during incubation for 1 hour is subjected to a single exposure to a peptide of the formula Arg-Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Gly. The technical result of the proposed method is to accelerate the hatching process of larvae, increase the percentage of hatching (hatching of larvae significantly increases 2.06 times), increase somatometric parameters of fry, and activate anabolic processes in the liver. Dosages of the peptide of the formula Arg-Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Gly in experiments on fish are calculated on the active substance. A single incubation of fertilized Amur sturgeon caviar at the stage of hydration for 1 hour in a solution of a peptide of the formula Arg-Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Gly leads to an increase in the percentage of hatching, accelerates the hatching process, increases the somatometric parameters of fry, and activates anabolic processes in the liver (RU 2298921, A01K 61/00, RF Patent, Method for stimulating the development of sturgeon fish).

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a method of treating fish eggs with the probiotic "Subtilis" obtained from the biomass of the strain Bacillus subtilis BKM B-2250 D in the amount of 14-16 ml per 1000 copies, while the processing of fertilized eggs is carried out in 1-1, 5 hours after its incubation, and the processing of larvae is carried out at the time of its transition to exogenous nutrition. The survival rate of fish when treated with Subtilis is increased by a factor of 2–3 (RU 2223643, A01K 61/00. RF patent. Method for increasing the vitality of eggs, larvae, juvenile fish and accelerating their growth).

There is also known a method of processing feed for juvenile fish with the liquid form of the probiotic "Subtilis" in doses from 0.1 to 0.7 ml / kg The use of the “Subtilis” probiotic as part of starter feed stimulates the growth of juvenile sturgeon fish, increases its vitality by 10.0% and improves the physiological state, and increases the average daily weight gain of juveniles by 18.0%.

The disadvantages of the presented methods is that the use of probiotics is carried out only during incubation of eggs and rearing juveniles. In our claimed method, probiotics use the entire production cycle, starting with manufacturers, which contributes to the earlier settlement of beneficial microflora in eggs and the prevention of saprolegniosis. With the full-cycle use of the probiotic, the formation of stable healthy microflora in the population is ensured.

The technical result of the developed method consists in increasing the fecundity of fish producers, the fertility of eggs, the survival of larvae, the preservation of juveniles, increasing the intensity of weight gain while reducing the cost of feed per 1 kg of gain in live weight due to the activation of the body forces of juvenile fish by using probiotics.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of growing pond fish, which involves treating eggs and larvae with biologically active substances containing a microbial mass of bacteria, the fertilized eggs are treated no later than 1.5 hours after the start of incubation, and the larvae are processed at the time of transition to exogenous nutrition , according to the invention, in the composition of the daily diet for fish producers, starting between seven and twenty-one days before spawning, and ending on the day of spawning, the probiotic Prolam is introduced in an amount of 0.6% p about the weight of the feed, fertilized eggs, and then the larvae are treated with the Prolam probiotic in the amount of 0.4% of the calf weight with an exposure of 15 minutes, after the larvae switch to exogenous nutrition, the Prolam probiotic is introduced into the diet for the next 30 days in an amount of 0.6% relative to the weight of the feed, and from the moment the larvae switch to exogenous nutrition and until the yearlings are fully grown, the probiotic Bacell is additionally introduced into the diet in an amount of 0.2% relative to the weight of the feed.

A comparative analysis of the claimed solution with known methods allows us to conclude that the claimed method of growing pond fish meets the criteria of NOVELTY, since the Probiotic Prolam is fed to producers 7-21 days before spawning, then Prolam processing the fertilized eggs and larvae for sanitation of their body with the beneficial lactobacilli contained in the preparation, they then feed the Prolam and Bacell complex of preparations to underyearlings to improve growth and increase survival.

A comparison of the claimed technical solution with known methods allowed us to identify signs that distinguish the claimed solution from the known ones in that “Prolam” is used as a probiotic for feeding producers and processing eggs and prelarvae. Probiotic Prolam contains 5 strains of microorganisms (2 strains of Lactobacillus, 2 strains of Lactococcus and 1 strain of Bifidobacterium), milk, beet molasses, water, chalk, glucose, and yeast. 1 cm ^{3 of the} drug contains at least 1 * 10 ⁸ CFU of microorganisms. Does not contain genetically modified organisms (GMOs). "Prolam" is a liquid with a sediment at the bottom or with suspended brown chalk particles with shades of different intensities. The microorganisms used in the manufacture of the drug create a favorable microflora of the gastrointestinal tract and supply the animal organism with biologically active substances that increase feed convertibility, improve vital processes and increase non-specific immune status. The microorganisms that make up the drug, fighting for a nutrient substrate, are antagonists against certain pathogenic microorganisms, thus preventing the occurrence of dysbiosis and other gastrointestinal diseases.

When growing carp, the Prolam probiotic is fed to cultivars in the amount of 0.6% by weight of feed and 0.2% by weight of food probiotic Bacell, which consists of the microbial mass of spore-forming bacteria Bacillus subtilis 945 (B-5225), acidophilic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus L917 (B-4625): Ruminococcus albus 37 (B-4292), sunflower meal, beet molasses, skim milk, water. 1 g of probiotic supplement contains at least 1-10 ⁸ CFU of bacteria of each species. Lactic acid and spore-forming bacteria that are part of the Bacell probiotic feed additive, multiplying in the intestines of animals, produce biologically active substances that prevent the development of opportunistic microflora. The probiotic supplement activates the activity of the gastrointestinal tract, normalizes the metabolic processes in the body, as a result of which the productivity of the fish increases, the safety of the livestock, and the efficiency of the production of fish products increase.

As a result of the combined use of probiotics at different stages of fish development, the action of gram-negative bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract is inhibited, which helps to stimulate the growth and vital activity of beneficial bacteria, and this, in turn, activates the body's internal reserves, which allows to increase the safety of the livestock, increase the rate of increase in live weight, while feed costs per 1 kg of weight gain are reduced. This allows us to conclude that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "INVENTIVE LEVEL".

The claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY", as it can be used in fish farming at enterprises of any form of ownership.

An example of the method

The traditional technology of keeping brood stock of mirror carp in ponds with fertilizing, reclamation and veterinary work was used according to the scheme adopted in the farm. Feeding in the ponds was carried out manually with loose feed.

The experiment was carried out according to the following scheme:

Table 1 Scheme of scientific and economic experience in manufacturers Groups Feeding characteristics one The main diet (RR) 2 OR + 0.6% “Prolam” 7 days before receiving sex products 3 OR + 0.6% “Prolam” 14 days before receiving sex products four RR + 0.6% “Prolam” 21 days before receiving sexual products

The conditions for keeping producers in all ponds were similar, and consistent with fish farming technology. The area of summer uterine ponds fluctuated slightly - from 0.1 to 0.12 ha. Before spawning, carp producers were injected with the pituitary gland: females 2 times, males 1 time. Food was set according to the schedule - 2 times a day. Eatability of feed - 100% (taking into account the erosion of feed in water 2%).

Feeding was carried out with non-granulated feed from boats in bulk. The introduction of probiotics was carried out on the feed mill stepwise method. Mixing the components of the feed was carried out in the mixer. Feed accounting was carried out for a given amount with a deduction of 20% for losses in water.

Weighing of the manufacturers was carried out individually every 10 days of the experimental period.

Veterinary and preventive checks in all ponds were carried out regardless of the experimental conditions according to the scheme adopted at the farm, and were recorded in the journal of primary documentation for each experimental pond. Accounting for the amount of feed consumed was carried out for each pond.

Weighing of the producers was carried out directly during the test, then before taking sex products and after. When taking reproductive products, we determined the mass of eggs for females and milk for males on electronic scales.

The quantitative assessment of eggs included the study of the absolute, relative, and working fecundity of females.

The average weight of fish was taken before taking sex products - an average of 4.5 kg. In each group, 5 females and 3 males were selected.

It was found that when using probiotics, the live weight of female carp increased before taking eggs in the second group by 2.7%, in the third - by 6.2%, in the fourth - by 4.8%.

It was revealed that when using probiotics in the second group of fish, the absolute and working fecundity of female carp increased by 10.0%, in the second group - by 12.5%, in the third - by 15.0%. Relative fertility - by 8.5, 11.4 and 15.2%, respectively.

It was found that when feeding the Prolam probiotic to female carp within 7 days, the fertility of eggs increased by 2.0% compared to the control, 14 days - by 4.0%, 21 days - by 2.3% :.

The yield of larvae from eggs increased by 2.0, 3.0, and 3.1%, respectively. The duration of incubation of eggs in all groups was the same and amounted to 6 days.

The live weight of male carp at the end of the experiment was higher in the experimental groups by an average of 1.4-2.0%. After taking sexual products, the difference in this indicator was 0.8-1.8%.

The mass of milk in the second group was lower compared to the control indicator by 4.5%, in the third - higher by 14.9%, in the fourth - by 19.0%.

Sperm of carp producers of all groups corresponded to fish-breeding and normative indicators. In the second group of males, the percentage of live sperm was higher by 1.0%, in the third and fourth - by 1.6%. Sperm activity on a 5-point scale in the third and fourth groups was 5 points, in the first and second - 4.

In experiments on juvenile carp, the technology of growing fish in pools (laboratory aquariums) was used. To accomplish these tasks, studies were conducted under the conditions of the Yeisk Marine Fisheries College in laboratory aquarium installations with a water flow rate of 0.4 l per hour under the condition of aeration of O ₂ - 8-12 mg / l.

Processing of fertilized eggs was carried out during its deaeration.

table 2 Scheme of scientific experience in the processing of caviar Batch number Caviar weight, g Probiotic Processing one 1000 the control 2 1000 0.4% Prolam

The processed caviar was loaded into Weiss apparatuses and supplied with appropriate labels indicating the concentration of the drug and its ratio.

After hatching of the prelarvae and their transition to exogenous nutrition, the probiotic preparations were processed from the corresponding incubation apparatuses (according to the scheme). Trays were used for processing. Exposure to the effects of probiotic preparations - 15 minutes.

The experience of feeding the studied drugs will be carried out according to the scheme presented in table 3.

Table 3 Laboratory experience chart Groups Feeding characteristics one The main diet (RR) 2 RR + 0.2% Bacell + 0.6% Prolam for 1 month

Each group was kept in an individual experimental aquarium of 100 pcs. juveniles in each. The young in the first control group received mixed feed without additives. The experimental groups were formed from processed eggs and larvae, and the control was not processed. The probiotic "Bacell" was fed the entire period of growing juveniles, and the "Prolam" - for a month.

Veterinary and preventive checks in all experimental aquariums were carried out regardless of the conditions of the experiment and were recorded in the journal of primary documentation. Accounting for the amount of feed consumed was carried out for each aquarium individually for the rest of the feed at the end of the experimental period.

The yield of larvae during incubation after treatment of eggs with a probiotic was higher in the second group by 3.0%, which indicates a positive effect of probiotic preparations on the development of fish embryos.

At the same time, a decrease in the defeat of eggs by saprolegniosis in the second group was found to be 6.0%.

The main fish breeding and biological indicators for the growth of carp yearlings are presented in table 4. The average initial weight of fish was taken when they were planted in experimental tanks - an average of 3 g.

Table 4 The main fish-biological indicators of the growth of carp yearlings Group Indicators one 2 Average weight of fish, g: initial 3.01 ± 0.04 3.03 ± 0.04 the ultimate 65.4 ± 1.1 69.8 ± 1.2 ** Feed consumed per 1 head, kg 0.18 0.18 Feed costs, kg / kg gain 2.70 2.54 Gross growth of 1 fish per period, g 62.39 66.77 The average daily gain, g 0.507 0.543 Fish survival,% 85 88 ** - P <0.01; *** - P <0.001

However, at the end of the growing period, significant differences were observed. The final mass of carp yearlings significantly increased in the second group by 6.8%. Accordingly, the weight of fish decreased and the cost of feed per 1 kg of growth, compared with the control, in the second group by 5.9%. The average daily weight gain of carp yearlings increased in the second group by 7.1%. The survival rate of juveniles in experimental plants increased by 3.0%. In general, the fatness of carp yearlings was quite high in all groups (above 2.7-3.0), due to the timely feeding of high-quality feed.

Claims (1)

A method of growing pond fish, comprising treating eggs and larvae with biologically active substances containing a microbial mass of bacteria, the fertilized eggs being processed no later than 1.5 hours after the start of incubation, and the larvae at the time of transition to exogenous nutrition, characterized in that daily diet for fish producers, starting between seven and twenty-one days before spawning and ending on the day of spawning, the Prolam probiotic is introduced in an amount of 0.6% relative to the feed weight, fertilized calf and then the larvae are treated with the Prolam probiotic in the amount of 0.4% of the eggs weight with an exposure of 15 minutes, after the larvae switch to exogenous nutrition, the Prolam probiotic in the amount of 0.6% is added to the diet for the next 30 days to the mass of feed, and from the moment the larvae switch to exogenous nutrition and until the yearlings are fully grown, the probiotic Bacell is additionally added to the diet in an amount of 0.2% with respect to the feed mass.