RU2539020C2 - Method of treatment of industrial waste water and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of ecology, namely to treatment of industrial waste water of meat and dairy, oil and fat, tanning enterprise. The method of treatment of industrial waste water comprises its treatment with mixture of components forming short-closed galvanic couple of anode-cathode type, followed by separation of the solid and liquid phases. The galvanic couple is additionally influenced with ultrasound oscillations with a frequency of 1-5 kHz. The device for implementing the method comprises a housing filled with a mixture of the components forming the galvanic couple, pipes of water input and output, the upper and lower horizontal partitions, between which the galvanic couple is located, the anode component of which has the form of flat springs with the distance between the maxima of 3-6 mm and the cylindrical springs with the diameter of 5 mm with the spacing between the turns of 1-5 mm. Around the housing the cylindrical magnetostriction transducer is coaxially placed connected through the waveguides with at least two radial transducers having the form of semi-cylinders and located between the upper and lower partitions.

EFFECT: increase in the level of waste water treatment from fat, protein and high-molecular fatty acids.

2 cl, 2 dwg, 1 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of ecology, namely to the treatment of industrial wastewater of meat and dairy, oil and fat, leather and other industrial enterprises.

A known method of purification of mineralized fat-containing wastewater from suspended particles by pressure flotation or electroflotation, which consists in the fact that the flotation process is carried out at a temperature of 75-85 ° C with the introduction of aluminum-containing coagulants (RU 2116973 C1, IPC C02F 1/424, publ. 10.08.1998 g.).

The disadvantage of this method is the fast passivation (transfer of the surface layer of the metal from an active, chemically active state to a passive) loading of the galvanic couple, as well as an insufficient degree of purification of water from fats, suspended particles, proteins, and high molecular weight fatty acids.

A known method of wastewater treatment by galvanic coagulation, including passing water with dispersing air through a mixture of iron shavings and granular carbon-containing material (RU 2408542 C1, IPC C02F 1/463, publ. 10.01.2011).

The disadvantage of this method is the insufficient degree of purification of water from fats, suspended particles, proteins of high molecular fatty acids.

The closest analogue of the invention is a method of water purification, including its treatment in the field of a galvanic cell with the subsequent separation of solid and liquid phases (RU 2000274 C, IPC C02F 1/46, publ. 09/07/1993, bull. No. 33-36).

The disadvantage of this method is the insufficient degree of purification of wastewater from fats, suspended particles, proteins of high molecular weight fatty acids, as well as the rapid passivation of a galvanic pair of the anode-cathode type.

Known galvanic coagulator with a chip anode, comprising a housing, nozzles for supplying contaminated water and discharging treated water, a nozzle layer of dispersion material of anodically soluble material (RU 73663 U1, IPC C02F 1/463, publ. 05.27.2008).

The disadvantage of the galvanic coagulator is the insufficient degree of purification of wastewater from fats, suspended particles, proteins of high molecular fatty acids.

A device for galvanic coagulation is known, comprising a housing filled with a nozzle layer of dispersion material forming an galvanic couple, water inlet and outlet nozzles, two gratings between which a nozzle layer is located (RU 2079440 C1, IPC C02F 1/463, publ. 05.20.1997). . This device is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantage of this device is the insufficient degree of wastewater treatment from fats, suspended particles, proteins, high molecular weight fatty acids.

The objective of the proposed method and device is to increase the degree of wastewater treatment from fats, suspended particles, proteins, high molecular weight fatty acids, as well as slowing down the passivation process.

The technical result of applying a method of treating industrial wastewater, including treating wastewater with a mixture of components that form a short-circuited galvanic pair of the anode-cathode type, followed by separation of solid and liquid phases, consists in the fact that in order to increase the degree of water purification, the galvanic pair is additionally exposed to ultrasonic oscillations with a frequency of 1-5 kHz.

The technical result of the application of the device for implementing the method, comprising a housing filled with a nozzle layer of dispersion material forming a galvanic couple, water inlet and outlet nozzles, two horizontal gratings between which the nozzle layer is located, consists of a cylindrical magnetostrictive transducer coaxially placed around the housing, connected through waveguides to at least two radial emitters having the shape of half-cylinders and located between the upper and lower partitions.

The essence of the process of cleaning industrial effluents from fats is in the interaction of a mixture of components of a short-circuited galvanic pair with different electrochemical potential differences such as anode-cathode (iron-coke, iron-copper) among themselves in the aqueous medium of effluents. In this case, an electrochemical reaction occurs, as a result of which ions of divalent Fe ²⁺ and ferric iron Fe ^{3+ are formed} . During the deposition of iron hydroxide Fe ³⁺ , a precipitate forms.

In turn, ions of ferric Fe ³⁺ upon contact with a component of a mixture of iron are reduced to ferrous compounds of the FeCl ₃ type.

The compound of ferric chloride FeCl ₃ is a strong coagulant that promotes coagulation of fats, suspended particles, proteins into dense aggregates, which subsequently float on the surface of wastewater or precipitate.

However, the surface formed by the components of the short-circuited galvanic couple mixture undergoes passivation.

To regenerate the surface of the mixture of components of a short-circuited galvanic pair, it is affected by ultrasonic vibrations with a frequency of 1-5 kHz. If the frequency of ultrasonic vibrations is less than 1 kHz or more than 5 kHz, then the regeneration process is slowed down. Thus, for effective regeneration of the surface of a mixture of components of a short-circuited galvanic pair, it is necessary to influence it with ultrasonic vibrations with a frequency of 1-5 kHz.

As a result of the influence of ultrasonic vibrations with a frequency of 1-5 kHz on the components of a mixture of a short-circuited galvanic pair consisting of small flat or cylindrical steel springs, the diffuse boundary layer is continuously updated on the surface of the mixture components, which excludes their passivation, fouling with fats, suspended particles, proteins , contributes to the continuous updating of the surface of the components of the galvanic couple and thereby the intensification of the process of generation of iron ions.

Under the influence of ultrasonic vibrations on the anode component of the mixture, consisting of small flat or cylindrical springs, the latter are compressed, and then, due to the elastic properties of the steel, the contaminants attached to their surface are expanded and shaken, thereby accelerating the regeneration of the surface of the components of the mixture of a short-circuited galvanic pair.

Example. The wastewater of the meat processing plant was subjected to cleaning after rough cleaning in a grease trap. The initial effluents contained: fats 1580 mg / l, suspended particles 1350 mg / l, COD 1700 mg / l, BOD 5300 mg / l. The effluents were cleaned in a column type plant, into which iron / coke galvanic mixtures were charged in a ratio of 4/1 to 75-85% of the chamber volume. The effluents had a pH of 1-2. The maximum flow rate of the effluent through the installation was 5-7 m / h. The galvanic mixture in the installation was processed by ultrasonic vibrations with a frequency of 1-5 kHz generated by four radial emitters. To create ultrasonic vibrations, an 8 kW UZG-10-22 generator, a PMS-6-22 magnetostrictive transducer having a radiation area of 300 mm ² and an intensity of about 0.15 W / mm ^{2 were used} .

The anode component of the galvanic couple mixture (iron) was loaded into the installation in the form of flat springs with a distance between the maxima of 3-6 mm, as well as cylindrical springs with a diameter of 5 mm with a distance between turns of 1-5 mm.

Indicators of wastewater treatment plants are presented in the table.

Figure 1 shows the installation diagram, figure 2 is a section aa. The device comprises a vertical cylindrical body 1, equipped with nozzles for input 2 and output 3 of water, output of flotated fats 4, output of sediment 5, two transverse partitions 6, between which there is a mixture of components of a short-circuited galvanic pair, the anode component of the mixture consisting of flat steel plates with a distance between the maxima of 3-6 mm and coil springs with a diameter of 5 mm with a distance between the turns of 1-5 mm, a magnetostrictive transducer 7 radially connected through waveguides 8 with emitters 9.

The device operates as follows.

Wastewater containing fats, suspended particles, proteins, through the inlet pipe 2 enters the housing 1. When the effluents interact with a mixture of components of a short-circuited galvanic pair, enclosed between two transverse walls 6, an electrochemical reaction occurs with the formation of iron ions, as well as oxide compounds, which are a strong coagulant of fats, suspended particles, proteins. At the same time, an ultrasonic generator (not shown) is turned on, which transmits vibrations to the emitters 9 through a magnetostrictive transducer 7 and waveguides 8. When ultrasonic vibrations in the frequency range 1-5 kHz are applied to the anode component of the short-circuited galvanic couple, the latter is compressed, and then due to its elastic properties steel “unclenches” and “shakes off” the pollution attached to their surface, thereby contributing to an increase in the degree of wastewater treatment, as well as speeding up the regeneration process on top of the components of the mixture of a short-circuited galvanic pair.

Swallowed fats, suspended particles, proteins rise to the surface of the effluents and are removed from the housing through the pipe 4, and the sediment that has fallen down is removed from the housing through the pipe 5.

A positive effect of the use of the device: the degree of purification of effluents from fats - 96.2%, from proteins and high molecular fatty acids - 98.5%.

Claims (2)

1. A method of treating industrial wastewater, including treating them with a mixture of components forming a short-circuited galvanic pair of the anode-cathode type, followed by separation of solid and liquid phases, characterized in that the anode component of the galvanic pair is additionally affected by ultrasonic vibrations with a frequency of 1-5 kHz while the anode component of the galvanic pair has the form of flat springs with a distance between the maxima of 3-6 mm and cylindrical springs with a diameter of 5 mm with a distance between the turns of 1-5 mm. 2. A device for implementing the method according to claim 1, comprising a housing filled with a mixture of components forming a galvanic couple, water inlet and outlet pipes, upper and lower horizontal partitions, between which there is a galvanic couple, characterized in that the anode component of the galvanic couple has the form flat springs with a distance between the maxima of 3-6 mm and cylindrical springs with a diameter of 5 mm with a distance between the turns of 1-5 mm, a cylindrical magnetostrictive transducer coaxially placed around the housing through the waveguides with at least two radial emitters having the shape of half-cylinders and located between the upper and lower partitions.

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