RU2538160C2 - Method and device for wireless electric power supply to remote consumers of electrical energy via laser beam - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: invention is based on optic connection of a Tesla high-voltage source to an electrical energy consumer by directing a laser beam to the electrical energy consumer, photo-ionisation of atmosphere on the way of propagation of the laser beam by increasing laser emission energy to photo-ionisation energy of components of atmospheric air in the laser beam and after formation in the laser beam of a current-carrying passage - resonant transfer via it of electrical energy with voltage of tens - hundreds of kilovolts using a Tesla resonant transformer. The current-carrying passage in atmosphere is created by pulse multiple-frequency laser emission with pulse repetition period that is larger than plasma relaxation time in the laser beam; difference in adjacent frequencies of multiple-frequency laser emission is chosen as equal to or divisible by the corresponding frequencies of Fraunhofer lines of absorption of electromagnetic radiation with molecules and/or atoms of atmospheric air; duration of laser pulses is chosen so that it is not shorter than the time of propagation of potential wave along the laser beam, and resonant frequency of high voltage transfer via the current-carrying passage is chosen in the range of unities - tens of kHz, and it is synchronised with laser pulse repetition frequency.

EFFECT: reduction of laser energy costs on ionisation of air medium and increase of transfer coefficient of electrical energy via a laser beam.

4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, in particular to a method and apparatus for transmitting electrical energy.

A known method of power supply / 1 ÷ 2 / electrical devices using an alternating voltage generator connected to a consumer, characterized in that the voltage of the generator is applied to the low voltage winding of the high-frequency transformer converter, and one of the terminals of the high voltage winding is connected to one of the input terminals of the electrical device, this change in the frequency of the generator to achieve the establishment of resonant oscillations in the formed electrical circuit.

A device that implements this method is an AC voltage source, a frequency converter, and a high-frequency transformer, one terminal of the high-voltage section of which is insulated or grounded, and the second is designed to supply high-voltage energy to the consumer / 3 ÷ 6 /.

In the known method / 1 ÷ 2 / and the device / 3 ÷ 6 / use a single-wire system for transmitting energy to the consumer. In this method of supplying electrical devices, there is no heat in the conductor supplying electrical energy, which makes it possible to use conductors of small cross-section without loss of electricity to heat them.

A disadvantage of the known method and device is the need to use supports, insulators, wire or cable for energy transfer, which increases the cost of electricity transmission.

Another disadvantage is the inability to directly use the known method and device for the direct power supply of moving electric vehicles (cars, tractors, airplanes, missiles, ships, airships) due to the rigid connection of their receiving and transmitting paths with a wired communication line.

A known method and device for wireless power supply to remote consumers of electric energy through a laser beam / 7 /, including for direct power supply of stationary and mobile electric vehicles: cars, tractors, planes, rockets, ships, airships, etc.

The known method and device for wireless power supply of remote energy consumers via a laser beam is based on the optical connection of a Tesla high-voltage source to an electric energy consumer by directing (pointing) a laser beam to an electric energy consumer, photoionizing the atmosphere along the laser beam propagation path by increasing (after establishing the fact of pointing ) laser radiation energy before the photoionization energy of atmospheric air components in the laser beam and after anija in the laser beam of the conductive channel - transmission resonance by dozens of electrical power voltage - hundreds of kilovolts using resonant Tesla transformer.

In this case, the conductive channel is formed by continuous laser radiation or using a radiation generator in a pulsed mode with a synchronous supply of electrical impulses to the conductive channel from the Tesla high-voltage high-frequency transformer. It is proposed to use an infrared CO ₂ laser with a wavelength of 10.6 μm with a power of 1 kW, a neodymium laser with frequency doubling with a wavelength of 0.53 μm and an electric power of 0.5 kW, an X-ray and other radiation generator, a generator as a source of laser radiation aerosols and other devices that create increased channel conductivity along the axis of the radiation beam.

The disadvantage of this method and device / 7 /, selected as a prototype, is the increased loss of electrical energy on the formation of a conductive channel, leading to a decrease in the efficiency (efficiency) of power supply to remote consumers of electricity.

This is due to the fact that the wavelength of 10.6 μm of an infrared CO ₂ laser with a power of 1 kW and the wavelength of 0.53 μm of a neodymium laser, used mainly in radar and optical communications / 8 ÷ 11 /, are selected from the condition of getting into the windows transparency of the atmosphere. Moreover, using these lasers, the effect of electrical ionization of the air (see in / 8, 10, 14 / “light breakdown”) is possible in a limited volume (at the focal point) only by creating a high (10 ⁹ W / cm ² ) power density electromagnetic radiation (EMR) and its electric field at the focal point (E _pr ≈30 kV / cm).

). Такая плотность плазмы блокирует /15÷18/ дальнейшее распространение лазерного излучения с частотами, ниже частоты рентгеновского излучения, и препятствует образованию токопроводящего канала в атмосфере достаточной длинны для электропитания удаленных потребителей электричества.In this case, due to the “light breakdown”, which leads to continuous ionization of almost all the constituent particles of atmospheric air in the surface layers of the atmosphere / 12–16 /, a plasma with a density ( $$n_2^{\mathrm{at}d}\approx {10}^{19}÷{10}^{21}\mathrm{from}{m}^{-3}$$

) Such a plasma density blocks / 15 ÷ 18 / the further propagation of laser radiation with frequencies lower than the x-ray frequency and prevents the formation of a conductive channel in the atmosphere long enough to power remote consumers of electricity.

. Учитывая малую /19, 24/ длину свободного пробега рентгеновского излучения в атмосфере - единицы ÷ десятки м, а также низкий /8, 15/ КПД (≤1%) преобразования электрической энергии в электромагнитную в рентгеновском диапазоне ЭМИ, использование рентгеновского лазера /7/ для передачи электрической энергии в линиях Тесла также проблематично.The use of an X-ray laser / 7 / to create a conductive channel in the atmosphere is also problematic because of its high ionizing ability and the fast energy consumption E _AND for creating extended channels with a plasma density $$n_2^{\mathrm{at}d}\approx {10}^{19}÷{10}^{21}\mathrm{from}{m}^{-3}$$

. Given the small / 19, 24 / free path of x-ray radiation in the atmosphere - units ÷ tens of meters, as well as the low / 8, 15 / efficiency (≤1%) of conversion of electrical energy into electromagnetic energy in the X-ray range of electromagnetic radiation, the use of an X-ray laser / 7 / for the transmission of electrical energy in Tesla's lines is also problematic.

, где: (h·ν) - энергия кванта излучения с частотой ν, необходимая для ионизации одной частицы атмосферного воздуха; h=6.62517·10^-34 Дж·сек - постоянная Планка; плотность частиц $$n_2^{уд}\approx {10}^{19}÷{10}^{21}с{м}^{-3}$$

, ионизируемая при «световом пробое» атмосферы длинноволновым ЭМИ и фотоионизации рентгеновским ЭМИ; (π·r²·D) - объем токопроводящего канала; r, D - средний радиус и длина токопроводящего канала, создаваемого лазерным излучением и требуемого для электропитания удаленных потребителей.The minimum value of the energy E _and required to implement the method and device of the prototype, in a first approximation, can be found / 8, 14, 17, 18 / from the expression $$E_{\mathrm{and}}=\left(h\cdot \nu \right)\cdot n_2^{\mathrm{at}d}\cdot \left(\pi r^2\cdot D\right)$$

where: (h · ν) is the energy of a radiation quantum with a frequency ν necessary for ionizing one particle of atmospheric air; h = 6.62517 · 10 ^-34 J · sec - Planck's constant; particle density $$n_2^{\mathrm{at}d}\approx {10}^{19}÷{10}^{21}\mathrm{from}{m}^{-3}$$

ionized by “light breakdown” of the atmosphere by long-wavelength EMP and photoionization by X-ray EMP; (π · r ² · D) is the volume of the conductive channel; r, D is the average radius and length of the conductive channel created by laser radiation and required for power supply to remote consumers.

So, for the best conditions of the prototype (D = 1 km = 10 ⁵ cm, radius 0.5 cm), the required energy (E _and ) EMP to create a conductive channel with continuous ionization of atmospheric particles in the surface layer of the atmosphere and with the lifetime (relaxation) of the plasma in the created channel, fractions ÷ units sec are

E _and = 6.62517 · 10 ^-34 J · s × 1.5 · 10 ¹⁶ Hz × 10 ¹⁹ cm ^-3 × 3.14 · (0.25) cm ² × 10 ⁵ cm = 7.8 · 10 ⁶ J = 7.8 MJ.

Taking into account the laser efficiency (1 ÷ 10)%, the required energy in the pulse to create a conductive one will be (78 ÷ 780) MJ.

At a laser pulse repetition rate of 1 Hz (T = 1 pulse / s), the average power of electric energy for powering the laser and maintaining the energy transmission channel in a conductive state will be P _cf = (28 ÷ 280) · 10 ⁹ kW · h.

The contribution of high voltage to the ionization of the conductive channels in the prototype is not significant. This is due to the fact that during x-ray photoionization and “light breakdown” (radiation irrationally in frequency), the particles completely ionize in the atmospheric channel and there is nothing more to ionize. The only high-voltage ionization will smooth out plasma fluctuations in the period between laser pulses.

Given that in the prototype / 2 / the average power of electric energy transmitted through the laser beam to the consumer is (30 ÷ 60) MW · h, and the cost of transmitting this energy through the specified beam is P _cf = (28 ÷ 280) · 10 ³ MW · h, then the efficiency of the known method and device for transmitting energy through a laser beam is significantly less than the declared in / 2 / efficiency.

The objective of the invention is to increase the coefficient of transmission of electrical energy to remote consumers of electrical energy through a laser beam.

The technical result that provides a solution to this problem is to reduce the loss of electrical energy on the formation of a conductive channel in the laser beam.

The achievement of the claimed technical result and, as a consequence, the solution of the problem is ensured by the fact that the method of wireless power supply of remote energy consumers via a laser beam, which consists in optical connection of a Tesla high-voltage source with an electric energy consumer by directing a laser beam to an electric energy consumer, photoionizing the atmosphere on the way laser beam propagation by increasing the laser radiation energy to the photoionization energy of the components of the atmosphere spherical air in the laser beam and after the formation of the conductive channel in the laser beam — the resonant transmission of electric energy through it with a voltage of tens to hundreds of kilovolts using a Tesla resonant transformer, according to the invention, the conductive channel in the atmosphere is created by pulsed multi-frequency laser radiation with a pulse repetition period longer than the relaxation time plasma in the laser beam, the difference in the adjacent frequencies of the multi-frequency laser radiation is chosen equal to or a multiple of the corresponding hours the frequencies of the Fraunhofer absorption lines of electromagnetic radiation by molecules and / or atoms of atmospheric air, the duration of the laser pulses is chosen not less than the propagation time of the potential wave along the laser beam, and the resonant frequency of the transmission of high-voltage voltage through the conductive channel is selected in the range of units to tens of kHz and synchronized with the repetition rate laser pulses.

The formation of a conductive channel in a laser beam by pulsed multi-frequency laser radiation with a pulse repetition time longer than the plasma relaxation time, and the choice of the difference in adjacent frequencies of multi-frequency laser radiation equal to or a multiple of the corresponding Fraunhofer absorption lines of electromagnetic radiation by molecules and / or atoms of atmospheric air, the choice of laser duration pulses, not less than the propagation time of the potential wave along the laser beam, as well as the synchronization of the resonance A clear frequency of transmission of a high voltage voltage through a conductive channel with a pulse frequency of laser pulses allows one to reduce the loss of electrical energy for creating conductive channels and for transmitting electric energy through them to the end consumer by using the effect of low-energy resonant photoionization of the atmosphere and by taking into account atmospheric parameters in the surface layers of the atmosphere.

A device for wireless power supply of remote energy consumers via a laser beam, comprising transmitting and receiving modules of electric energy, the collector electrodes of which are mounted coaxially and interconnected by a laser line of resonant transmission of electric energy containing at least two pulsed lasers to ionize the atmosphere and create a conductive air channel between the electrodes of the transmitting and receiving modules, and the transmitting module contains a step-up resonance transformer Tesla, the receiving module is a Tesla resonance step-down transformer and / or a diode-capacitor unit connected to the corresponding electrodes of the transmitting and receiving modules, according to the invention, the laser line for resonant transmission of electric energy further comprises a laser light converging unit, the information unit is installed coaxially with the collector electrode of the transmitting module in close proximity to it, the collector electrodes of the transmitting and receiving modules are made refractory, the lasers are spaced in frequency by magnitudes Inu, corresponding to the Fraunhofer absorption lines of electromagnetic radiation by molecules and / or atoms of atmospheric air, the lasers are made with a pulse duration not less than the propagation time of the potential wave between the electrodes of the receiving and transmitting modules, the pulse repetition period of the laser is made not less than the plasma relaxation time in the ionized air channel, the resonant frequency of the transmitting and receiving Tesla transformers is a multiple of the pulse frequency of the laser pulses, and refractory Electrode made from tungsten and / or graphite.

Introduction of the beam converting unit, installing it coaxially with the collector electrode of the transmitting module or in close proximity to it, making the collector electrodes of the transmitting and receiving module refractory, spacing the laser frequencies by an amount corresponding to the Fraunhofer absorption lines of electromagnetic radiation by molecules and / or atoms of atmospheric air, performing lasers with a pulse duration not less than the propagation time of a potential wave between the electrodes of the receiving and transmitting modules, If the laser pulse repetition period is not less than the plasma relaxation time in the ionized air channel, the choice of the resonance frequencies of the Tesla transmitting and receiving transformers to the multiple repetition frequency of the laser pulses and the selection of rational parameters of the device elements allow us to implement a method of transmitting electric energy through a laser beam with reduced energy costs and, therefore, thereby, increase the transmission coefficient of electric energy to remote consumers of electric energy through a laser beam.

The drawing shows a functional diagram of a variant of the device with two Tesla resonant transformers, explaining the claimed method of wireless power supply of remote consumers of electrical energy through a laser beam.

) процентное содержание в атмосфере по сравнению с общим количеством частиц ( $$n_2^{уд}\approx {10}^{19}÷{10}^{21}с{м}^{-3}$$

), содержащихся в 1 см³ в приземных слоях атмосферы /12÷13/. Избирательная (по выбору рациональных по плотности составляющих атмосферы) ионизация позволяет исключить блокирование передачи лазерных излучений с частотами ν₁ и ν₂ при 100% ионизации таких составляющих. При этом согласно /13, 21, 22, 25/ при плотности ( $$n_1^{уд}\approx {10}^7÷{10}^8с{м}^{-3}$$

) зарядов в луче создаются условия /13/ для электрического пробоя с увеличенным электрическим КПД - 70÷80%. Для сравнения по затратам электропитания лазерный КПД ~ (1÷10)% /7/.A device that implements the proposed method for wireless power supply to remote stationary energy consumers via a laser beam in the simplest case comprises transmitting 1 and receiving 2 modules of electrical energy, interconnected by a laser line 3 of resonant transmission of electrical energy. Line 3 includes collector electrodes 4 and 5, mounted coaxially on the transmitter 1 and receiver module 2, respectively, and a laser air ionizer 6, mounted on the transmitter module coaxially with the electrode 4. The collector electrodes 4 and 5 are made of refractory tungsten and / or graphite and connected to the high-voltage buses of modules 1 and 2. The electrode 4 is made in the form of a ring or in the form of two plates mounted on both sides of the optical axis of the ionizer 6. The ionizer 6 is multi-frequency, contains at least two pulse half ovodnikovyh / 30 / lasers 7 and 8, unit 9 for converging the beams of lasers 7 and 8 and an optical lens 10 mounted coaxially with the collector electrode 4. Lens 10 is designed to collimate the beam of mixed beams of lasers 7 and 8 between electrodes 4 and 5. Lasers 7 and 8 are semiconductor / 30 / respectively with frequencies ν ₁ and ν ₂ in the frequency band of atmospheric transparency (reduced absorption of laser radiation). To reduce the energy cost of atmospheric channel ionization, the frequency difference (Δν = ν ₁ -ν ₂ ) of the lasers is chosen to be equal to or a multiple of the Fraunhofer lines frequency / 9 ÷ 11 / of the resonant absorption of beat energy E _b = h · Δν, where h = 6.62517 · 10 ^{- 34} J · sec - Planck's constant, constituents of the atmosphere, for example, carbon monoxide, having a sufficiently small ( $$n_{\mathrm{one}}^{\mathrm{at}d}\approx {10}^7÷{10}^8\mathrm{from}{m}^{-3}$$

) the percentage in the atmosphere compared to the total number of particles ( $$n_2^{\mathrm{at}d}\approx {10}^{19}÷{10}^{21}\mathrm{from}{m}^{-3}$$

) contained in 1 cm ³ in the surface layers of the atmosphere / 12 ÷ 13 /. Selective (at the choice of atmospheric density-rational components) ionization eliminates the blocking of the transmission of laser radiation with frequencies ν ₁ and ν ₂ at 100% ionization of such components. Moreover, according to / 13, 21, 22, 25 / at a density ( $$n_{\mathrm{one}}^{\mathrm{at}d}\approx {10}^7÷{10}^8\mathrm{from}{m}^{-3}$$

) charges in the beam conditions are created / 13 / for electrical breakdown with increased electrical efficiency - 70 ÷ 80%. For comparison, the power efficiency of the laser efficiency ~ (1 ÷ 10)% / 7 /.

) плотность зарядов в лазерном луче сравнима с плотностью зарядов в «стримере» (потенциальной волны) - предвестнике электрической молнии в атмосфере /13/, распространяющейся со скоростью распространения зарядов V₂≈3·10⁵ км/с, которая существенно выше /13/ скорости (~1 км/с) распространения «стримера».Specified ( $$n_{\mathrm{one}}^{\mathrm{at}d}\approx {10}^7÷{10}^8\mathrm{from}{m}^{-3}$$

) the charge density in the laser beam is comparable to the charge density in the “streamer” (potential wave) - a precursor of electric lightning in the atmosphere / 13 /, propagating with a charge propagation velocity V ₂ ≈3 · 10 ⁵ km / s, which is significantly higher / 13 / velocity (~ 1 km / s) of the “streamer” propagation.

Since the propagation speed of laser ionizing radiation is comparable to the speed of light, the total time of electric breakdown of air in the laser beam will not be determined by the time (t _e = D / V _e , V _e = 1 km / s) of the passage of the potential wave E between electrodes 4 and 5 , and with time (t _i = D / V _i , V _i = 3 · 10 ⁵ km / s) the propagation of laser radiation.

According to / 13, 14, 18 / this is due to the fact that the speed and energy of electric breakdown of air substantially depend on the initial density of "seed" (n _ztr ) charges in the atmosphere. So, according to / 13, 20, 21, 29 / under normal atmospheric conditions n _ztr = 1 ÷ 3 cm ^-3 / 12, 13 / the required electric field strength for electric air breakdown E _pr = 32 kV / cm, and with n _ztr = (10 ⁷ ÷ 10 ⁸ ) cm ^-3 = 20 V / cm.

From the above it is seen that taking into account the indicated natural phenomenon when transmitting electric energy through a laser beam 15 allows to reduce the total cost of electric energy to create a conductive line 15 with a simultaneous decrease in the time of its formation and transmission of electric energy from the transmitting module 1 to the receiving electric energy module. The transmitting module 1, as in the prototype / 7 /, contains a converter 11 of a three-phase voltage of industrial frequency 50 Hz to a frequency f∈ {0.5 ÷ 50} kHz, loaded on a low-voltage winding of a Tesla resonant transformer 12, the high-voltage winding of which is connected to the electrode 4. Reception module 2, as in / 7 /, contains a Tesla resonant transformer 13/3 / and / or a diode-capacitor block / 28 / (not shown in the drawing) connected via a high-voltage input to an electrode 5, and directly or by a low-voltage output via adapter 14 (inverter), with consumer Telem electrical energy. Transformer 12 and 13 Tesla / 3 ÷ 5 /, invented in 1891, is a coreless or open-core transformer, the primary winding of which is located outside or coaxially with the secondary winding. The secondary winding consists of a large number of turns of copper thin insulated wire. One ground end of the high-voltage secondary winding remains free or shorted to Earth, and the second high-voltage end, for transmitting high-frequency voltage and high-voltage energy, is connected to the conductive line 15 through electrode 4. For reliable connection of the receiving 2 and transmitting 1 modules through the air channel 15, lasers 7 and 8 are made with pulse duration τ _and at least t ₁ = D / V ₁ , where D is the distance between electrodes 4 and 5, and V ₁ is the propagation velocity of the potential wave (1 km / s). The laser pulse repetition period T is made from the condition

T = K × (1 / f _rez ) = K × 2π√ (L · C)

Where:

f _res ∈ {0.5 ÷ 50} kHz - resonant frequency of transformers 12 and 13 Tesla;

L, C - inductance and capacitance of Tesla transformers 12 and 13, respectively;

K is the synchronization coefficient (multiples of the numerical value of the frequency f _res and f _and , where f _and = 1 / T are the pulse repetition rate of the laser pulses, f _res is the resonant frequency of the Tesla transformers 12 and 13), K >> 1.

, достаточной для формирования в нем «электрической молнии» с минимальными затратами энергии лазерного излучения, энергетические параметры лазеров 7 и 8 выбраны из условий:To create the density of electric charges in the atmospheric channel $$n_{\mathrm{one}}^{\mathrm{at}d}\approx {10}^7÷{10}^8\mathrm{from}{m}^{-3}$$

sufficient for the formation of “electric lightning” in it with minimal energy consumption of laser radiation, the energy parameters of lasers 7 and 8 are selected from the conditions:

$$P_{\mathrm{and}}^{m\mathrm{and}n}\le P_{\mathrm{and}}<P_{\mathrm{and}}^{m\mathrm{but}x},P_{\mathrm{and}}=E_{\mathrm{and}}/{\tau }_{\mathrm{and}},\left(\mathrm{one}\right)$$

$$E_{\mathrm{and}}=\left(h\cdot \Delta \nu \right)\times n_{\mathrm{one}},\left(2\right)$$

$$n_{\mathrm{one}}=n_{\mathrm{one}}^{\mathrm{at}d}\cdot \left(\pi r^2\cdot D\right),D\le U/E_t,\left(3\right)$$

$$\Delta \nu =\left({\nu }_{\mathrm{one}}-{\nu }_2\right)={\nu }_{Res}^i,\left(\mathrm{four}\right)$$

$${\tau }_{\mathrm{and}}\ge D/V,T\ge {\tau }_{Rel},\left(5\right)$$

;P _and , E _and are the power and energy of electromagnetic radiation with a frequency Δν and a duration of τ _and necessary to create an ionized channel of long D in the atmosphere with a charge density $$n_i^{\mathrm{at}d}$$

;

, $$P_{и}^{мах}$$

- минимально и максимально допустимое значение P_и для фотоионизации атмосферного воздуха; $$P_{\mathrm{and}}^{m\mathrm{and}n}$$

, $$P_{\mathrm{and}}^{m\mathrm{but}x}$$

- minimum and maximum allowable value P _and the atmospheric air photoionization;

h = 6.62517 · 10 ^-34 J · sec - Planck's constant;

Δν, ν ₁ , ν ₂ - beat frequency and radiation of the first and second laser, respectively;

∈ {ультрафиолетовый ÷ сантиметровый диапазон электромагнитных волн} - Фраунгоферова i-я линия поглощения электромагнитного излучения молекулами и атомами воздуха; $${\nu }_{Res}^i$$

∈ {ultraviolet ÷ centimeter range of electromagnetic waves} - Fraungoferova i-th line of absorption of electromagnetic radiation by molecules and air atoms;

- плотность электрических зарядов в атмосферном канале, необходимая для электрического пробоя (полной ионизации - $$n_2^{уд}\approx {10}^{19}÷{10}^{21}с{м}^{-3}$$

) атмосферы электрическим полем Тесла с напряженностью E_т=U/D≈20 В/см; $$n_{\mathrm{one}}^{\mathrm{at}d}\approx {10}^7÷{10}^8\mathrm{from}{m}^{-3}$$

- the density of electric charges in the atmospheric channel, necessary for electrical breakdown (full ionization - $$n_2^{\mathrm{at}d}\approx {10}^{19}÷{10}^{21}\mathrm{from}{m}^{-3}$$

) the atmosphere of the Tesla electric field with a strength of E _t = U / D≈20 V / cm;

r is the average radius of the laser beam;

U = (10 ÷ 220) kV - voltage between the transmitting and receiving electrodes of the laser line of the resonant transmission of electricity Tesla;

τ is the duration of laser pulses;

D is the transmission range of electrical energy;

;V = 3 · 10 ⁵ km / s - velocity of propagation of a potential wave at $$n_{\mathrm{one}}^{\mathrm{at}d}\approx {10}^7÷{10}^8\mathrm{from}{m}^{-3}$$

;

T is the laser pulse repetition period;

τ _rel = (0.8 ÷ 1.2) c is the plasma relaxation time.

A device for wireless power supply to remote consumers of electrical energy by a laser beam in accordance with the proposed method works as follows.

When the transmitting module 1 is turned on, the frequency converter 11 converts the input three-phase voltage 3 × 220 V with a frequency f ₁ = 50 Hz into a voltage with a frequency

,f ₂ ∈ {0.5 ÷ 50} kHz,

,

Where:

f _res - the resonant frequency of the transformer 12 Tesla;

L, C - inductance and capacitance of the transformer 12 Tesla, respectively.

в высоковольтной вторичной обмотке трансформатора 12 возникают высокочастотные колебания напряжением до 7·10⁶ В /3, 7/, которое подается на электрод 4 резонансной линии 3 передачи электрической энергии по лазерному лучу ионизатора 4.Next, the voltage of increased frequency f ₂ ∈ {0.5 ÷ 50} kHz from the converter 11 is supplied to the low-voltage primary winding of the transformer 12. Under resonance conditions

in the high-voltage secondary winding of the transformer 12 there are high-frequency oscillations with a voltage of up to 7 · 10 ⁶ V / 3, 7 /, which is fed to the electrode 4 of the resonant line 3 for transmitting electrical energy through the laser beam of the ionizer 4.

, поглощения составляющих воздушной среды /13, 17, 18/ с плотностью частицAt the same time, the two-frequency ionizing radiation of the ionizer 6 passes between the electrodes 4 and 5. By choosing the beat frequency Δν corresponding to the resonant frequency $$\Delta \nu =\left({\nu }_{\mathrm{one}}-{\nu }_2\right)={\nu }_{Res}^i$$

absorption of air components / 13, 17, 18 / with particle density

n _beats ≈10 ⁷ ÷ 10 ⁸ cm ^-3

.and choosing the energy characteristics of the laser radiation from conditions (1 ÷ 5), selective resonant photoionization of these particles in the laser beam 15 occurs and a plasma with a density $$n_{\mathrm{one}}^{\mathrm{at}d}\approx {10}^7÷{10}^8\mathrm{from}{m}^{-3}$$

.

, где $$n_2^{уд}\approx {10}^{19}÷{10}^{21}с{м}^{-3}$$

/12/), то из выражений (1÷5) видно, что требуемая энергия лазерного излучения за счет избирательной резонансной ионизации, а не сплошной, как в прототипе /7/, уменьшается на несколько порядков. При этом исчезают проблемы /14. 15, 17, 18/ блокирования лазерного излучения с частотами ν₁ и ν₂ за счет относительно низкой плотности плазмы $$n_1^{уд}\approx {10}^7÷{10}^8с{м}^{-3}$$

на пути его распространения. Согласно /13, 20, 21/ при такой плотности ( $$n_1^{уд}\approx {10}^7÷{10}^8с{м}^{-3}$$

) плазмы наличие на электродах 4 и 5 переменной разности потенциалов U=(10÷220) кВ /7/ с резонансной частотой $$f_{рез}=2\pi \sqrt{L\cdot C}$$

при передаче электрической энергии от передающего модуля 1 к приемному модулю 2 приводит к электрическому разряду между электродами 4 и 5 и дополнительной ионизации линии (канала 15) передачи электрической энергии. За счет увеличения плотности плазмы переменный ток в канале 15 (при малых дальностях D передачи электрической энергии) может возрастать до сотен ÷ тысяч Ампер с образованием электрической дуги между электродами 4 и 5. Согласно теории сварки /20-21/ время существования токопроводящего канала с таким током ограничено единицами сек. Это объясняется тем, что при достижении силы тока в канале 15 и магнитного поля вокруг него выше предельного допустимого значения /13, 18/ под действием силы Лоренца происходит вынос плазмы из канала 15, изгиб электрической дуги D между электродами 4 и 5 и ее удлинение. Изгиб и удлинение электрической дуги D приводит к снижению напряженности электрического поля E_d=U/D в дуге и ее разрыву. Для уменьшения вредного влияния этого эффекта через время T≥τ_рел, где τ_рел - время релаксации плазмы в лазерном луче (канале 15), генерируют очередной пучок лазерных импульсов и процесс поддержания канала 15 передачи энергии в токопроводящем состоянии повторяется.Since the density of ionized particles in beam 15 is much lower than the density of neutral particles ( $$n_{\mathrm{one}}^{\mathrm{at}d}<<n_2^{\mathrm{at}d}$$

where $$n_2^{\mathrm{at}d}\approx {10}^{19}÷{10}^{21}\mathrm{from}{m}^{-3}$$

/ 12 /), then from expressions (1 ÷ 5) it can be seen that the required laser energy due to selective resonant ionization, and not continuous, as in the prototype / 7 /, decreases by several orders of magnitude. In this case, the problems disappear / 14. 15, 17, 18 / blocking laser radiation with frequencies ν ₁ and ν ₂ due to the relatively low plasma density $$n_{\mathrm{one}}^{\mathrm{at}d}\approx {10}^7÷{10}^8\mathrm{from}{m}^{-3}$$

on the path of its distribution. According to / 13, 20, 21 / at such a density ( $$n_{\mathrm{one}}^{\mathrm{at}d}\approx {10}^7÷{10}^8\mathrm{from}{m}^{-3}$$

) plasma presence on electrodes 4 and 5 of a variable potential difference U = (10 ÷ 220) kV / 7 / s resonant frequency $$f_{Res}=2\pi \sqrt{L\cdot C}$$

when transmitting electric energy from the transmitting module 1 to the receiving module 2 leads to an electric discharge between the electrodes 4 and 5 and additional ionization of the line (channel 15) of electric energy transmission. Due to the increase in plasma density, the alternating current in channel 15 (at small ranges D of electric energy transmission) can increase to hundreds to thousands of amperes with the formation of an electric arc between electrodes 4 and 5. According to the theory of welding / 20-21 /, the lifetime of a conductive channel with such current limited to units of sec. This is due to the fact that when the current strength in channel 15 and the magnetic field around it exceeds the maximum permissible value / 13, 18 / under the action of the Lorentz force, the plasma is removed from channel 15, the electric arc D between the electrodes 4 and 5 is bent and elongated. Bending and lengthening of the electric arc D leads to a decrease in the electric field strength E _d = U / D in the arc and its rupture. To reduce the harmful effect of this effect after a time T≥τ _rel , where τ _rel is the plasma relaxation time in the laser beam (channel 15), a next laser pulse beam is generated and the process of maintaining the energy transfer channel 15 in a conductive state is repeated.

At the same time, through the air channel 15 maintained in the current-conducting state, the process of electric energy transmission from the transmitting module 1 to the receiving module 2 occurs with a resonant frequency f _res ∈ {0.5 ÷ 50} kHz. The alternating current flowing through channel 15 to the input of module 2 is a capacitive current. The reactive internal resistance of channel 15 does not create losses of active power, which according to / 3 ÷ 7 / provides a high (96-99%) efficiency of energy transfer through channel 15. The electric power transmitted through the conductive channel 15 depends on the power of the electric energy source (transmitting module 1), from the energy of recharging the capacitance of channel 15 and the receiving circuit LC of the receiving module 2 and from the frequency of the cycles of their recharging.

According to / 4, 7 / with a length of a conductive air channel of 15 hundreds of meters ÷ units km, its capacitance can be 1000 ÷ 2000 pF. With a resonant frequency f _res = 30 kHz and a voltage of 35 kV of the transmitting transformer 12 Tesla, the electric power transmitted through the laser beam 15 can be 30 ÷ 60 MW.

In this case, according to (1-5), the desired value of the laser energy on the photoionization air channel 15 length D = 1 km with an average cross-sectional area of 1 cm ² compared to the prototype / 7 / is reduced by not less than 10 orders of magnitude. This dramatically reduces the requirements for the parameters of the laser source 6 of ionizing radiation and simplifies the implementation of laser transmission lines of electrical energy.

In the proposed invention, a part of the electric energy transmitted by the laser beam 15 is spent on the “ionization” of the air channel in it.

With this in mind, and also taking into account the increased efficiency of semiconductor lasers (30 ÷ 70)%, high efficiency (80 ÷ 90% / 21 /) of the conversion of electric energy into plasma in the "electric arc", a significant (~ 3 order) decrease in energy losses is observed (compared with the prototype / 7 /) when transmitting electrical energy to remote consumers of electrical energy through a laser beam.

At the same time, the efficiency of electric energy transmission to remote consumers of electric energy through a laser beam, depending on weather conditions and the distance (0.1 ÷ 1) km to the consumer, will be about 30 ÷ 50%.

The proposed method and device can be used for remote (hundreds of meters ÷ units km) wireless power supply of stationary and mobile consumers of electrical energy. In the latter case, the transmitting and receiving modules are equipped with appropriate power tracking drives and means of enhanced dielectric protection from high voltage.

Information sources

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5. Strebkov D.S. Nikola Tesla and the prospects for modern energy. - M.:, GNU VIESH. 2013, 13 p.

6. Strebkov D.S. Resonant transmission of electrical energy through single-wire waveguide overhead and cable lines. - M.:, GNU VIESH. 2012, p. 34-35.

7. Strebkov D.S., Avramenko S.V., Nekrasov A.I. Method and device for transmitting electrical energy. RU 2143775, 12/27/1999.

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12. Handbook of systems engineering. Ed. R. Makola. Translation from English, ed. A.V. Shileyko. - M .: "Soviet Radio". 1970.688 s.

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21. Horseradish K.K. Welding, cutting and soldering of metals. Textbook for technical schools. - Kiev: "Engineering literature", 1952.

22. Bagryansky K.V., Dobrotina Z.A., Khrenov K.K. Theory of welding processes. - Kiev: Higher School. 1976, 424 p.

23. Handbook of nuclear physics. Translation from English, ed. Acad. L.A. Artsimovich. - M .: Fizmatizdat. 1963.632 s.

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Claims (4)

1. A method for wireless power supply of remote energy consumers via a laser beam, which consists in optical connection of a Tesla high voltage source with an electric energy consumer by directing a laser beam to an electric energy consumer, photoionizing the atmosphere along the laser beam propagation path by increasing the laser radiation energy to photoionization energy of atmospheric air components in the laser beam and after the formation of a conductive channel in the laser beam - the resonant transmission of about it of electric energy with a voltage of tens to hundreds of kilovolts using a Tesla resonant transformer, characterized in that the conductive channel in the atmosphere is created by pulsed multi-frequency laser radiation with a pulse repetition time longer than the plasma relaxation time in the laser beam, the difference in adjacent frequencies of multi-frequency laser radiation is chosen equal to or a multiple of the corresponding frequencies of the Fraunhofer absorption lines of electromagnetic radiation by molecules and / or atoms of atmospheric air, the duration of the laser pulses is chosen not less than the propagation time of the potential wave along the laser beam, and the resonant frequency of the transmission of the high voltage voltage through the conductive channel is selected in the range of units to tens of kHz and synchronized with the pulse frequency of the laser pulses. 2. A device for wireless power supply of remote energy consumers via a laser beam, comprising transmitting and receiving electric energy modules, the collector electrodes of which are mounted coaxially and interconnected by a laser line of resonant transmission of electrical energy containing at least two pulsed lasers for ionizing the atmosphere and creating conductive air channel between the electrodes of the transmitting and receiving modules, and the transmitting module contains a Tesla boost resonant transformer and the receiving module is a Tesla resonance step-down transformer and / or a diode-capacitor unit connected to the corresponding electrodes of the transmitting and receiving modules, characterized in that the laser line for resonant transmission of electric energy further comprises a laser light converging unit, the information unit is installed coaxially with the collector electrode the transmitting module or in the immediate vicinity of it, the collector electrodes of the transmitting and receiving modules are made of refractory, the lasers are spaced in frequency over the reason corresponding to the Fraunhofer absorption lines of electromagnetic radiation by molecules and / or atoms of atmospheric air, the lasers are made with a pulse duration not less than the propagation time of the potential wave between the electrodes of the receiving and transmitting modules, the pulse repetition period of the laser is made not less than the plasma relaxation time in the ionized air channel, and the resonant frequency of the Tesla transmitting and receiving transformers is made a multiple of the laser pulse repetition rate. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that it is made with parameters:
$$P_{\mathrm{and}}^{m\mathrm{and}n}\le P_{\mathrm{and}}<P_{\mathrm{and}}^{m\mathrm{but}x}$$

, P _and = E _and / τ _and ,
E _and = (h · Δν) × n ₁ ,
$$n_{\mathrm{one}}=n_{\mathrm{one}}^{\mathrm{at}d}\cdot \left(\pi r^2\cdot D\right)$$

, D≤U / E _t ,
$$\Delta \nu =\left({\nu }_{\mathrm{one}}-{\nu }_2\right)={\nu }_{Res}^i$$

,
τ _and ≥D / V, T≥τ _rel ,
T = K × (1 / f _rez ) = K × 2π√ (L · C)
Where:
P _and , E _and are the power and energy of electromagnetic radiation with a frequency Δν and a duration of τ _and necessary to create an ionized channel of length D with a charge density in the atmosphere $$n_i^{\mathrm{at}d}$$

;
$$P_{\mathrm{and}}^{m\mathrm{and}n}$$

, $$P_{\mathrm{and}}^{m\mathrm{but}x}$$

- minimum and maximum allowable value P _and the atmospheric air photoionization;
h = 6.62517 · 10 ^-34 J · sec - Planck's constant;
Δν, ν ₁ , ν ₂ - beat frequency and radiation of the first and second laser, respectively;
$${\nu }_{Res}^i$$

∈ {ultraviolet ÷ centimeter range of electromagnetic waves} - Fraungoferova i-th line of absorption of electromagnetic radiation by molecules and air atoms;
$$n_{\mathrm{one}}^{\mathrm{at}d}\approx {10}^7÷{10}^8\mathrm{from}{m}^{-3}$$

- the density of electric charges in the atmospheric channel, necessary for electrical breakdown (full ionization - $$n_2^{\mathrm{at}d}\approx {10}^{19}÷{10}^{21}\mathrm{from}{m}^{-3}$$

) the atmosphere of the Tesla electric field with a strength of E _t = U / D≈20 V / cm;
r is the average radius of the laser beam;
U = (10 ÷ 220) kV - voltage between the transmitting and receiving electrodes of the laser line of the resonant transmission of electricity Tesla;
τ is the duration of laser pulses;
D is the transmission range of electrical energy;
V is the propagation velocity of the potential wave;
T is the laser pulse repetition period;
τ _rel is the plasma relaxation time along the propagation path of laser beams;
f _res ∈ {0.5 ÷ 50} kHz - resonant frequency of the Tesla transformer;
L, C - inductance and capacitance of the Tesla transformer, respectively,
K is an integer greater than one. 4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the refractory electrodes are made of tungsten and / or graphite.