RU2342761C1 - Method and device for electric energy transmission (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: invention is attributed to electric engineering, to electric energy transmission. Method for electric energy transmission includes high frequency electromagnetic oscillations generation and their transmission over conducting channel between source and receiver of electric energy. High frequency electromagnetic oscillations are generated in high-frequency resonance transformer, amplified in voltage up to 0.5-100 million volts in quarter-wave resonant line consisting of spiral resonator and natural capacity at line end by means inputting to spiral resonator electromagnetic oscillations from high-frequency resonance transformer at frequency f₀=1-1000 kHz synchronised with time period T₀ of voltage wave movement from spiral resonator input to natural capacity and input reflected wave return to spiral resonator

where H is length of quarter-wave line and u- speed of electromagnetic wave movement along resonator axis. Electric energy is accumulated in natural capacitor. Conducting channel is formed by means of streamers emission from tip of conducting channel needle former at frequency f₀= 1-1000 kHz and voltage V=0,5-100 million volts by connecting quarter-wave line natural capacitor with conducting channel needle former. In the device for electric energy transmission, microwave generator with frequency f>>f₀ without power source and exited by natural capacitor electric field connected with conducting channel needle former is installed in close vicinity to natural capacitor.

EFFECT: enhancement of efficiency and decrease of losses and providing possibility to transmit electric energy in vacuum without using such additional devices as relational electron beam accelerators and lasers.

16 cl, 5 dwg, 2 ex

Description

The device relates to the field of electrical engineering, in particular to a method and device for transmitting electrical energy.

A known method and device for transmitting electrical energy, comprising transmitting electrical energy from a source to an electric energy receiver in such a way that a conductive channel is formed between the source and the electric energy receiver by photoionization and impact ionization using a radiation generator. The specified conductive channel is electrically isolated from the radiation generator using an electrically insulating shield transparent to radiation, the conductive channel is connected to an electric energy source through a Tesla high-frequency transformer and to an electric energy receiver through a Tesla high-frequency transformer or a diode-capacitor unit, increase the channel’s electrical conductivity by forming surface charge and increase the electric field strength and carry out under Procedure Coulomb forces moving electrical charges along the conducting channel. The conductive channel is formed both from the side of the energy source and from the side of the energy receiver.

Electric energy is transmitted through the conducting channel in a pulsed or continuous mode by simultaneously supplying simultaneously pulses from the radiation generator and electric pulses from the Tesla high-voltage transformer to the shaper of the conducting channel.

The known device for transmitting electrical energy comprises a radiation generator based on an optical or X-ray laser for forming a conductive channel between the source and the receiver of electric energy, a shaper of the conductive channel and an electrically insulating screen transparent to the radiation of the generator located between the shaper of the conductive channel and the generator mounted coaxially with the radiation generator radiation. The electric energy source is connected to the shaper of the conductive channel through a Tesla high-voltage high-frequency transformer, and on the opposite side of the conductive channel, a receiver of the conductive channel is isolated from the housing of the electric energy receiver. The specified receiver of electrical energy is connected to the receiver of the channel through a step-down high-frequency transformer Tesla or a diode-capacitor block.

A device for transmitting electrical energy can be made in the form of a branched energy system, consisting of many sources and receivers of electrical energy, interconnected by conductive channels having the same frequency and voltage at the connection points. Each source of electrical energy is equipped with a radiation generator, an electrically insulating screen, a shaper and a receiver of the conductive channel. Each shaper of the conductive channel is connected to an electric energy source using a Tesla high-voltage high-frequency transformer, and each radiation generator is connected either to an electric energy source or to a receiver through a Tesla high-frequency transformer or a diode-capacitor unit (RF patent 2143775 of 03.25.99 g. , BI No. 36, 1999).

A disadvantage of the known method and device is the necessity of using a gas-discharge conducting channel and maintaining the concentration of ionized air in the channel within certain limits, since at a low concentration of ions the laser air channel has a low conductivity, insufficient for the transfer of electrical energy, and at a high concentration of ions the air channel becomes opaque for laser radiation.

Another disadvantage of the known method and device is that it cannot be used in vacuum outside the earth's atmosphere.

A known method of transmitting electrical energy using relativistic beams of high-energy electrons (B.E. Meyerovich. Channel of high current. M: Fima, 1999, pp. 355-357). A disadvantage of the known method of transferring electrical energy is the large energy loss due to dissipation in the collision of electrons with molecules in a gas medium, which limits the propagation length and power of the electron flow in the atmosphere.

Another disadvantage is the need to convert the electronic flow from the consumer into electrical energy with specified parameters, since the electron flow is a current source. The selection of energy from the electron beam is carried out by decelerating the electrons in the electric field of the capacitor and increasing the charge of the capacitor. In a magnetic field, the energy of an electron beam is converted to synchrotron radiation. When a solid target is irradiated, the energy of the electron beam will turn into heat, which can be converted into electrical energy using the well-known thermodynamic cycles of energy conversion.

Closest to the technical nature of the present invention is a method of transmitting electrical energy, including the generation of high-frequency electromagnetic waves and transmitting them through a conductive channel between a source and a receiver of electrical energy, in which the conductive channel is formed using an accelerator in the form of a relativistic electron beam to which high voltage with a frequency of 0.3-300.0 kHz - from a spiral antenna of a traveling wave (RF patent No. 2183376, BI No. 16, 2002). To increase radiation safety, the conducting channel is formed in the form of two intersecting beams, one of which is formed in the atmosphere using a laser, and the second is formed in a rarefied medium and outside the atmosphere in the form of a relativistic electron beam.

The beams in the conducting channel can be directed coaxially opposite each other, the beam of relativistic electrons is directed mainly from an optically less dense medium towards an optically denser medium, and laser radiation is predominantly from an optical denser medium towards an optical less dense medium. The formation of the conducting channel is also carried out by transmitting a coaxial relativistic electron beam and a laser beam along the channel axis and supplying a high voltage from the Tesla high-frequency transformer to the conducting channel or by transmitting two parallel beams of laser radiation and relativistic electrons along the channel axis, the distance between which does not exceed the transverse dimension smaller beam diameter.

To transfer electrical energy through a line other than a straight line, the conductive channel contains a conductive body that is irradiated from one or more sides using relativistic electron beams and laser beams connected to Tesla high voltage transformers. To create the Earth’s global energy supply system, conducting layers in the Earth’s ionosphere are used as a conducting body, which are connected by conducting channels based on relativistic electron beams to sources and receivers of electrical energy.

A device for transmitting electric energy containing high-voltage high-frequency Tesla transformers installed at the receiver and at the energy source contains an accelerator of relativistic electron beams, the outlet of the accelerator is connected to the high-voltage winding of the Tesla transformer, and the axis of the accelerator is oriented to a conductive insulated screen that is connected to the high-voltage winding another Tesla transformer, and the high-voltage winding of Tesla transformers is made in the form of a multilayer spiral ant antenna, the axis of which coincides with the axis of the electron beam of the relativistic electron accelerator (RF patent No. 2183376, BI No. 16, 2002).

A disadvantage of the known method and devices is the need to use additional devices of the accelerator of relativistic electron beams or a laser to create a conductive channel. All these methods of converting the electric energy of an electron beam are characterized by low efficiency.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency and reduce losses in the transmission of electric energy, as well as providing the possibility of transmitting electric energy in vacuum outside the earth's atmosphere between spacecraft or planets, as well as from Earth to space bodies and back from outer space to Earth, and from one point of the Earth to another point of the Earth through the atmosphere and outer space without the use of such additional devices as accelerators of relativistic beams electrons and lasers.

The above result is achieved by the fact that in the proposed method for transmitting electric energy, including generating high-frequency electromagnetic waves and transmitting them through a conducting channel between the source and receiver of electric energy, high-frequency electromagnetic waves generated in a high-frequency resonant transformer, amplify the voltage up to 0.5-100 million volts in a quarter-wave resonance line consisting of a spiral resonator and a natural capacitance at the end of the line by feeding and to the input of the spiral resonator of electromagnetic waves from a high-frequency resonant transformer with a frequency f ₀ = 1-1000 kHz, synchronized with the time period T ₀ of the voltage wave from the spiral resonator input to the natural capacitance and the reflected wave returning to the spiral resonator input

,

,

where H is the length of the quarter-wave line, u is the speed and movement of the electromagnetic wave along the axis of the resonator, accumulate electrical energy in a natural capacitance, and the conductive channel is formed using microwave radiation at a frequency f ₁ >> f ₀ from a microwave generator connected to a needle-shaped conductive shaper a channel installed in close proximity to the natural capacity of the quarter-wave line and receiving energy from the electric field of the quarter-wave line by emitting streamers from the end of the needle a shaper conducting channel at the resonance frequency f ₀ = 1-1000 kHz at a voltage V = 0,5-100 million volts and natural compounds quarterwave line capacitance needle conductive channel generator.

To increase the voltage gain in the method, the natural capacitance is made in the form of a sphere of conductive material.

To further increase the voltage in the line in the method, the natural capacitance is made in the form of a toroid from a conductive material.

To increase the concentration of charges in the conductive channel in the method, the natural capacitance is made in the form of a spherical dome, and the needle-shaped conductive channel is made in the form of a spire with a pointed end, which is connected to the dome.

To increase the potential and transmitted energy in the method, a microwave radiation generator is excited with a quarter-wave line natural capacitance electric field at a distance Δ = 0.1-10 mt of the capacitance surface at an electric field strength of 1-100 kV / m, and a conductive channel is formed on both sides of the microwave generator from the side of the spherical container and from the receiver of electrical energy.

To ensure tracking of the radiation receiver in the method, the microwave radiation generator, together with the needle shaper of the conductive channel, is moved relative to the spherical capacitance for transmitting electrical energy to various consumers or to one consumer that changes its position in space.

To increase the stored energy and reduce the size of the quarter-wave line in the method, the quarter-wave line is isolated with a dielectric housing filled with an insulating gas or liquid, and the needle channel former is equipped with a device for pulse connection with the capacity of the quarter-wave line with a pulse frequency of 1 Hz - 100 kHz.

In another embodiment of a method for transmitting electric energy, including generating high-frequency electromagnetic waves and transmitting them through a conducting channel between a source and a receiver of electrical energy, the conducting channel is created using an additional quarter-wave line consisting of a spiral resonator and a natural capacitance at a frequency f ₁ >> f ₀ connected to two needle formers of the conductive channel, one of which forms the conductive channel in the direction of the natural capacity of the main quarter-wave line, and a second conductive channel forms in the direction of the load receiver, the main line and an additional quarter-wave electrical energy obtained from one of the resonant RF transformer.

In another embodiment of a method for transmitting electrical energy, including generating high-frequency electromagnetic waves and transmitting them through a conductive channel between a source and a receiver of electrical energy, create several conductive channels at a frequency f> f ₀ using several additional spiral resonators, each of which has a resonant capacitance and a needle-shaped channel former connected to it, each additional spiral resonator receives electromagnetic electricity to form a channel t its high resonant transformer, and to transmit electromagnetic energy wirelessly from the main spiral resonator, which produce coherent pumping from the resonant high-frequency transformer.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that in the proposed device for the transmission of electrical energy containing a source of electrical energy of high frequency, transmitting and receiving resonant high-frequency transformers with a resonant frequency f ₀ installed at the source and receiver of energy, and a conducting channel between them, each resonant high-frequency the transformer has a natural capacitance connected to the high-voltage winding of the transformer, and in the immediate vicinity of the natural capacitance is installed detecting microwave generator at a frequency f >> f ₀ without a power source, with the excitation of the electric field of natural container and a microwave generator connected to the needle shaper conducting channel and is provided with means for connecting a microwave generator with the natural capacitance.

In another embodiment of a device for transmitting electrical energy, comprising a high-frequency source of electrical energy, transmitting and receiving resonant high-frequency transformers with a resonant frequency f ₀ installed at the source and receiver of energy, and a conducting channel between them, two needle-shaped shapers of the conducting channel are electrically connected to each other the other and are installed on two opposite sides of the microwave generator at a distance Δ = 0.1-10 m from the natural capacity of the quarter-wave line in this way that one needle shaper is directed towards the natural capacity, and the second towards the load receiver.

In another embodiment, the device for transmitting electrical energy, comprising a source of electrical high frequency energy transmitting and receiving resonant high-frequency transformers with a resonance frequency f ₀ set at the source and receiver of energy, and a conductive channel between them, around the natural capacitance quarter-wave line set n microwave generators with needle shapers of conductive channels with devices for electrical connection with a quarter-wave line and the formation of conductive channels als to n-receivers radiation, n = 1, 2, 3, ... k.

In another embodiment of a device for transmitting electrical energy, comprising a high-frequency source of electrical energy, transmitting and receiving resonant high-frequency transformers with a resonant frequency f ₀ installed at the source and receiver of energy, and a conducting channel between them, one of the two needle channel shapers is equipped with a device for moving around the natural capacity of a quarter-wave line to transfer electrical energy to a consumer who changes their position in space.

In another embodiment of a device for transmitting electrical energy, comprising a high-frequency source of electrical energy, transmitting and receiving resonant high-frequency transformers with a resonant frequency f ₀ installed at the source and receiver of energy, and a conducting channel between them, the transmitting transformer has a resonant frequency f ₀ = 1 -1000 kHz and connected to two quarter-wave lines with resonant frequencies f ₁ = f ₀ = 1-1000 kHz and f ₂ >> f ₀ , each of the quarter-wave lines is made of natural capacitance and spiral cut nator with length

for the first line and the length

for the second line, where u ₁ and u ₂ are the phase velocity of the electromagnetic wave along the axis of the first and second spiral resonators, the natural capacity of the second line is equipped with two needle shapers of the conducting channel, one of which is directed to the natural capacity of the first line, and the second shaper is oriented to load receiver, both quarter-wave lines are powered by a transmitting resonant high-frequency transformer.

In another embodiment of a device for transmitting electrical energy, containing a high-frequency source of electrical energy, transmitting and receiving resonant high-frequency transformers with a resonant frequency f ₀ installed at the source and n power receivers, and n conductive channels between them, the transmitting transformer has a resonant frequency of 1- 1000 kHz and connected to the main quarter-wave line with a resonant frequency f ₀ = 1-1000 kHz, which consists of the natural capacitance at the end of the line and a spiral resonator at the beginning of the line long

,

,

where u ₀ is the phase velocity of the electromagnetic wave along the axis of the spiral resonator, the device contains n additional quarter-wave lines, each of which contains a spiral resonator with a resonant frequency f >> f ₀ and a natural capacitance connected to two needle-shaped channel shapers, one with orientation the capacity of the main quarter-wave line, and the second with an orientation to one of the n load receivers, all additional quarter-wave lines are connected to the transmitting resonant high-frequency transformer main quarter-wave line.

To increase the transmitted power in the device for transmitting electrical energy, a part of n additional quarter-wave lines is connected to its own high-frequency resonant transformer.

The essence of the proposed method and device for transmitting electrical energy is illustrated in the drawings.

Figure 1 diagram of a method and apparatus for transmitting electrical energy using a microwave generator to create a conductive channel.

Figure 2 diagram of a method and device for transmitting electrical energy using a microwave generator and a needle channel former to create a conductive channel between the natural capacity of the quarter-wave line and the load receiver.

In Fig. 3, the design of the quarter-wave line device in the insulating casing and the microwave generator excited by the electric field of the toroidal capacitance.

Figure 4 diagram of a device for transmitting electrical energy using two resonant quarter-wave lines to enhance the potential and create a conductive channel from the generator to the receiver.

5, the design of the device for transmitting electrical energy using two resonant quarter-wave lines to enhance the potential and create a conductive channel from the generator to the receiver.

In figure 1, between the spherical container 6 and the needle shaper of the channel 7, a microwave radiation generator 17 is installed, which is mounted on a hinge 18 that acts as an air condenser with a gap δ = 0.1-1 m relative to the spherical container 6 with the possibility of rotation relative to the center of the sphere 6 for orientation relative to the receiver 9 of the load.

In figure 2, the microwave radiation generator 17 has a needle shaper channel 7 from the side of the conductive channel 8 and the electrode 19 from the side of the spherical capacitance 6 for transmitting electrical energy from the capacitor 6 through the shaper of the channel 7 to the conductive channel 8. The gap Δ between the spherical capacity 6 and the electrode 19 is 1-10 meters.

In Fig. 3, the spiral resonator 5 and the spherical container 6 are placed in the housing 20 of an insulating material filled with SF6 gas under pressure. The spiral resonator 5 is made in the form of a single-layer spiral conductor 21, wound on a frame 22 of insulating material. Figure 3 shows the dimensions of the resonator, the diameter D and the length l, as well as the distribution of voltage V and current I along the resonator. Shaper 7 and 19 of the conductive channel 8 are installed in one housing with a microwave generator 17, which starts to work at an electric field of 10 kV / m and receives energy for operation from the electric field of a spherical capacitance 6. Between the electrode 19 of the shaper of the conductive channel 7 and the spherical capacitance 6, a device 23 is installed that connects the spherical capacitance 6 and the electrode 19 when there is potential on the spherical capacitance 6 and the initiation of the conductive channel 8 as a result of the start of operation of the wave radiation 17. Electrical energy is supplied to the conductive channel receiver 9 and then through the step-down transformer 12 to the inverter 4 to the load 16 (not shown in Figure 3) is similar to Figures 1 and 2.

In Fig. 4, an electric high-frequency generator 24 is connected to a series resonant circuit formed by a capacitance 25 and a low-voltage winding 26 of a high-frequency resonant boost transformer 27. One secondary winding 28 of the transformer 27 is connected to a quarter-wave line consisting of a spiral resonator 31 with a resonant frequency f ₀ and spherical capacitance 32. The second secondary winding 29 of the transformer 27 is connected to another quarter-wave line consisting of a high-resonance helical resonator 33 pilots at f ₁ >> f ₀ and the spherical container 34. The spherical container 32 and needle 34 have a channel conditioners 35 and 36 are oriented along one axis in a direction to the receiver 9 load 16. The free ends of the secondary windings 28 and 29 and the primary winding 26 in order to Electrical safety connected to ground 30 and natural capacity.

5, an electric high-frequency generator 24 is connected through a resonant high-frequency transformer 27 to a quarter-wave line consisting of a spiral resonator 37 and a toroidal capacitance 40. The spiral resonator 37 is made in the form of a single-layer winding on an insulating frame 38 and is placed in a sealed housing 39 filled with SF6 .

A high-frequency electric generator 41 is connected through a capacitance 42 to a high-voltage winding 43 of a high-frequency resonant transformer 44. A potential terminal 45 of a high-voltage winding 46 is connected to another quarter-wave line consisting of a spiral resonator 47 and a toroidal capacitance 48 mounted axisymmetrically to the toroidal capacitance 40. The spiral resonator has the frame 49 is made of an insulating material and is placed in a sealed enclosure 50 filled with an insulating gas under pressure, such as SF6 gas.

The toroidal containers 40 and 48 contain a tubular channel former 57 mounted along the symmetry axis of the toroidal tanks 40 and 48 and hermetically connected to the walls of the housings 39 and 50. At the outlet of the housing 50, the tubular channel former is connected to a needle duct 7 to form a conductive channel 16. The generator 41 has key 52 to provide power to the high frequency transformer 44. The resonant quarter-wave line resonator 47 has a resonant frequency f, is significantly greater than the resonant frequency f _0, f >> f _0, where f ₀ - reason snaya quarter-wave line frequency of the resonator 37.

A device for transmitting electrical energy works as follows. A three-phase energy source (figures 1, 2, 3) transfers electric energy to the frequency converter 2. Frequency converter 2 creates electromagnetic oscillations in the circuit from the inductance and two capacitors with a total capacity of C ₁ with a frequency

Electromagnetic vibrations with a frequency f increase the voltage in the high-frequency transformer 4 and increase the voltage in the quarter-wave resonance line, consisting of a spiral resonator 5 and a spherical capacitance 6, accumulate electrical energy at a voltage of 0.5-100 million volts in a spherical capacitance. The resonant frequency of the quarter-wave line f ₀ = 1-1000 kHz coincides with the frequency f _{0 of the} circuit with inductance L ₁ and the total capacitance C ₁ . The amplification of electromagnetic waves is obtained by synchronizing the arrival of electromagnetic waves at the input of the spiral resonator 5 with a time period T _{0 of the} movement of the voltage wave along the spiral resonator 5 to the spherical tank 6 and vice versa.

,

,

where H is the length of the quarter-wave resonator 5, and u is the speed of the wave along the electromagnetic resonator 5.

The conductive channel 8 is formed using a microwave generator 17, installed with a gap δ from the spherical tank 6 (figure 1). The microwave generator 17 receives energy with a frequency f ₀ from the electric field of the spherical capacitance 6 and emits microwave radiation at a frequency f ₁ >> f ₀ . This radiation enters the needle shaper 7 of the conductive channel 8 and forms the conductive channel 8. The high-frequency electric energy stored in the spherical container 6 is transferred to the shaper of the conductive channel 7 through an air capacitor 18 with a gap δ and then to the receiving screen 9 along the conductive channel 6 at a frequency f ₀ = 1-1000 kHz and a voltage of V = 0.5-100 million volts. Electric power is supplied from the receiving screen 9 through a step-down high-frequency transformer 12, inverter 15 to the load 16. The receiver is tuned to the resonant frequency f ₀ using a high-voltage resonant circuit, consisting of the inductance of the high-voltage winding 10 of the transformer 12 and the spherical capacitance 11, as well as a low-voltage resonant a circuit consisting of a low voltage winding 13 of the transformer 12 and the capacitance 14.

The hinged design of the spherical capacitor 18 allows you to change the position of the needle shaper 7 of the channel relative to the spherical capacitance 6 and transmit electrical energy to energy consumers who change their position in space.

In figure 2, the conductive channel 8 is formed at a frequency f ₁ >> f ₀ using a microwave generator 17 both towards the receiving screen 9 and towards the spherical container 16 through a gap 19 of width Δ, which allows you to synchronize the beginning and duration of the transmission of electrical energy through two air gaps 8 and 19.

In Fig.3, the spiral resonator 5 and the spherical container 6 are placed in the housing 20 of an insulating material filled with gas under pressure. This allows you to reduce the dimensions D and l of the transmitting device for the transmission of electrical energy and use it both in stationary and mobile versions.

In Fig. 4, electric energy from a high-frequency generator 24 is converted into electromagnetic energy of high-frequency oscillations with a frequency f ₀ in a resonant circuit consisting of a capacitance 25 and an inductance 26. Electromagnetic energy is increased in voltage in a high-frequency resonant transformer 27 and amplified in voltage in two spiral resonators 31 and 33. The resonant frequency of the resonator 33 f ₁ exceeds the resonant frequency f _{0 of the} spiral resonator 31. In contrast to figures 1, 2, 3, the microwave generator 34 is powered from one 29 from two windings 28 and 29 of the high-frequency transformer 27 and from a special resonator 33 at an increased frequency f ₁ >> f ₀ .

5, the spiral resonators 37 and 47 receive electromagnetic energy at the resonant frequency f and f ₀ , f >> f ₀ from two different high-frequency transformers 27 and 44 and two different high-frequency electric generators 24 and 41. Resonators 37 and 47 with toroidal tanks 40 and 48 are enclosed in insulating bodies 39 and 50 and filled with gas. This design allows to reduce the dimensions of the device and increase the voltage and transmitted power through the conductive channel 16.

A feature of the spiral resonator 5 is the low speed of propagation of an electromagnetic wave, which is hundreds of times less than the speed of wave propagation in free space. This facilitates the construction of a quarter-wave resonator, since in this case the length of the winding and the height of the resonator 5 are reduced hundreds of times. The reduced dimensions of the resonator 5 reduce the radiation loss even at high frequencies.

We will calculate the parameters of the spiral resonator using modern ideas about the principles of operation and parameters of the spiral conductor. The spiral additional winding is a spiral waveguide and an electric resonator and has two remarkable properties:

1. It performs the functions of a decelerating system in which the phase velocity of propagation of an electromagnetic wave along an axis is much lower than the velocity of propagation of an electromagnetic wave in free space.

2. At a small step of the spiral, the electromagnetic field is focused along the axis of the spiral waveguide.

The parameters of the spiral resonator: the diameter of the additional winding (L ₃ ) D = 1 m; height H = 2.44 m; the number of turns N ₃ = 95. The winding is made of a single layer of copper wire with a diameter of 1.25 mm. The length of the winding L ₃ = 2πDN ₃ = 597 m, the distance between the turns t = 0.0125 m. The capacitance of a spherical capacitor is C ₃ = 250 pF.

The calculation of the spiral resonator is carried out according to the formulas of a quarter-wave open at the end of the line.

The voltage in the line represents the sum of the feed and reflected waves, the interference of which forms standing waves. Wave Propagation Factor:

γ = α + iβ.

The attenuation coefficient α is determined by the losses on the resistance in the line and the dielectric losses in the shunt resistance.

Phase constant

.

.

The voltage at the output of the winding length /:

Loss ratio

R ₀ - resistance of 1 running meter, Ohm;

Z ₀ is the effective resistance of the spiral resonator;

λ ₀ - wavelength in free space:

To _u - coefficient of reduction of the wave propagation velocity in a spiral resonator:

D is the diameter of the spiral resonator;

t is the distance between the turns;

c is the speed of light;

u is the wave propagation velocity.

Substituting in (4) D = 1 m, t = 0.0125 m, λ ₀ = 3390 m, we obtain K _u = 0.00713.

The effective resistance of the spiral resonator

Substituting in (5) K _u = 0.00713, H = 2.44 m, D = 1 m, we obtain Z ₀ = 10755 Ohms.

Loss ratio

H is the height of the spiral resonator, m;

d _w - wire diameter, m

Substituting in (6) H = 2.44 m, D = 1 m, Z ₀ = 94156 Ohm, d _w = 0.0125 m, f ₁ = 88.5 · 10 ^-3 MHz, we obtain αI = 0.005837 N .

.Substituting in (1) αI = 0.00445 N, V _L2 = 3 · 10 ⁵ B, we find the maximum possible voltage at the output of the spiral resonator

.

The achievable voltage V _{H is} limited by losses in the resonant transformer and the quarter-wave line and can reach 20-50 million volts.

Examples of the method and device for transmitting electrical energy.

Example 1

In figure 2, the microwave generator 17 with an increase in the electric field strength to 1-100 kV / m around the spherical capacitor 6 starts to generate high-voltage high-frequency pulses with a frequency f ₁ exceeding the resonant frequency of the quarter-wave new line. A corona discharge occurs on the needle shaper 7 of the conductive channel 8 and a conductive channel 8 is formed. If there are two needle shapers 7 and 19, two conductive channels are formed, one towards the spherical capacitance 6 and the second channel 8 towards the receiver 9 of the load 16. The quarter-wave resonance frequency the line is 100 kHz, and the frequency of the microwave generator is 1 MHz. When the length of the conducting channel 8 is 50-90% of the distance Δ between the needle former of the channel 19 and the spherical tank 6, a counter conductive channel arises from the spherical tank 6 to the channel former 19 and the full potential of the spherical tank 6 goes to the microwave generator 17 and then to the conducting channel 8 between the microwave generator 17 and the receiver 9 of the load. A significant difference in the resonant frequency of the quarter-wave line and the microwave generator 17 leads to a trigger effect, in which the electric energy stored in the spherical tank 6 is discharged to the conducting channel 8 in a very short time Δt = 10-100 μs. When the capacitance of the spherical capacitor is 8 250 pF, the voltage across the capacitance is 6 V _max = 50 · 10 ⁶ V, the energy Q ₀ in a pulse is:

charge accumulated on capacity 6:

q = C ₃ V _max = 250 · 10 ^-12 · 50 · 10 ⁶ = 1.25 · 10 ^-2 C.

Electrical power with a pulse duration of 10 μs:

Example 2

In Fig. 4, instead of a microwave generator, to create a conductive channel 8, a second additional quarter-wave line is used, consisting of an electric spiral resonator 33 with an increased resonant frequency f ₂ >> f ₀ and a spherical capacitance 34.

In contrast to figure 2, in which the microwave generator 17 receives energy from the electric field of the spherical capacitor 6, figure 4 spiral resonator 33 receives electrical energy from the second secondary winding 29 of the resonant transformer 27. The voltage on the secondary winding 29 is equal to the voltage V ⁰ _min . The number of turns of the winding 29 is 100, the transformation coefficient n ⁰ _t = 5, the voltage across the winding 29 V ⁰ _min = n ⁰ _T V _VL1 = 7.5 · 10 ³ B.

The parameters of the spiral resonator 33: diameter D ₂ = 0.5 m, H ₂ = 1 m; the number of turns N ₂ = 300f ₂ = 250 kHz, λ ₀ = 1200 m, α _w = 1.25 mm, t = 1.25 mm, C ₃ = 5 pF. Using formulas 1-6, we obtain:

K ⁰ _u = 0.0276, Z ⁰ ₀ = 23466 Ohm, αl ⁰ = 0.00153

Maximum voltage on a spherical tank 34

Since the frequency of the additional quarter-wave line is 2.82 times higher than the frequency of the main resonator 31 (Fig. 4), the interaction of these two resonators 31 and 33 through the needle formers of channels 35 and 36 will lead to the discharge of electrical energy stored on the capacitance 32 into the conductive channel 8 and transmitting electrical energy to the receiver 9 and then to the load 16.

Claims (16)

1. A method of transmitting electrical energy, including the generation of high-frequency electromagnetic waves and transmitting them through a conducting channel between the source and the receiver of electric energy, characterized in that the high-frequency electromagnetic waves generated in the high-frequency resonant transformer, amplify the voltage up to 0.5-100 million V in a quarter-wave resonance line consisting of a spiral resonator and a natural capacitance at the end of the line, by supplying an electromagnetic oscillations from a high-frequency resonant transformer with a frequency f ₀ = 1-1000 kHz, synchronized with a time period T _{0 of the} movement of the voltage wave from the input of the spiral resonator to the natural capacitance and the return of the reflected wave at the entrance to the spiral resonator

where H is the length of the quarter-wave line, u is the speed of the electromagnetic wave along the axis of the resonator, accumulate electrical energy in a natural capacity, and the conductive channel is formed using microwave radiation at a frequency f ₁ >> f ₀ from a microwave generator connected to a needle-shaped channel conductor installed in the immediate vicinity of the natural capacity of the quarter-wave line and receiving energy from the electric field of the quarter-wave line by emission of streamers from the end of the needle shaper conducting channel at the resonance frequency f ₀ = 1-1000 kHz at a voltage V = 0,5-100 million The compounds of natural and quarter-wave line capacitance needle conductive channel generator. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the natural capacity is performed in the form of a sphere of conductive material. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the natural capacitance is made in the form of a toroid from a conductive material. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the natural capacity is made in the form of a spherical dome, and the needle-shaped conductive channel is made in the form of a spire with a pointed end, which is connected to the dome. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the microwave radiation generator is excited by an electric field of the natural capacity of the quarter-wave line at a distance Δ = 0.1-10 m from the surface of the vessel with an electric field of 1-100 kV / m, and a conductive channel is formed on both sides of the microwave generator on the side of the spherical container and on the side of the receiver of electrical energy. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the microwave radiation generator, together with a needle shaper of the conductive channel, is moved relative to a spherical container for transmitting electrical energy to various consumers or to one consumer, which changes its position in space. 7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the quarter-wave line is isolated using a dielectric housing filled with an insulating gas or liquid, and the needle channel former is equipped with a device for impulse connection with the capacity of a quarter-wave line with a pulse frequency of 1 Hz-100 kHz. 8. A method for transmitting electric power comprising generating high frequency electromagnetic oscillations and transmitting them in the conducting channel between source and receiver electrical energy, characterized in that a conductive channel is created by an additional quarter-wave line consisting of the helical resonator and the natural capacitance at frequency f _1> > f _0, connected to the two conductive needle channel formers, one of which forms a conductive channel in the direction of the container main natural chetvertvol oic line and a second conductive channel forms in the direction of the load receiver, the main line and an additional quarter-wave electrical energy obtained from one of the resonant RF transformer. 9. A method of transmitting electrical energy, including generating high-frequency electromagnetic waves and transmitting them through a conductive channel between a source and a receiver of electrical energy, characterized in that they create several conductive channels at a frequency f> f ₀ using several additional spiral resonators, each of which has resonant capacitance and a needle-shaped channel former connected to it, each additional spiral resonator receives electromagnetic electricity to form a channel it is from its high-frequency resonant transformer, and electromagnetic energy for transmission by a wireless method from the main spiral resonator, the coherent pumping of which is produced from a high-frequency resonant transformer. 10. Device for transmitting electrical energy, containing a source of electrical energy of high frequency, transmitting and receiving resonant high-frequency transformers with a resonant frequency f ₀ installed at the source and receiver of energy, and a conductive channel between them, characterized in that in the immediate vicinity of the natural capacitance a microwave generator is installed with a frequency f ₀ , without a power source, with excitation from an electric field of natural capacity, and a microwave generator is connected to a needle shaper conductive channel. 11. A device for transmitting electrical energy, containing a source of electrical energy of high frequency, transmitting and receiving resonant high-frequency transformers with a resonant frequency f ₀ installed at the source and receiver of energy, and a conductive channel between them, characterized in that the two needle-shaped shapers of the conductive channel are electrically connected to each other and installed on two opposite sides of the microwave generator at a distance Δ = 0.1-10 m from the natural capacity of the quarter-wave line so at the same time, one needle former is directed towards the natural capacitance, and the second towards the load receiver. 12. A device for transmitting electrical energy, containing a source of electrical energy of high frequency, transmitting and receiving resonant high-frequency transformers with a resonant frequency f ₀ installed at the source and receiver of energy, and a conductive channel between them, characterized in that around the natural capacity of the quarter-wave line installed n microwave generators with needle shapers of conductive channels with devices for electrical connection with a quarter-wave line and forming conductive of n-channel receivers to the radiation, n = 1, 2, 3, ... k. 13. A device for transmitting electrical energy, containing a source of electrical energy of high frequency, transmitting and receiving resonant high-frequency transformers with a resonant frequency f ₀ installed at the source and receiver of energy, and a conductive channel between them, characterized in that one of the two needle channel shapers equipped with a device for moving around the natural capacity of the quarter-wave line for transmitting electrical energy to the consumer, which changes its position in space. 14. Device for transmitting electrical energy, containing a source of electric energy of high frequency, transmitting and receiving resonant high-frequency transformers with a resonant frequency f ₀ installed at the source and receiver of energy, and a conductive channel between them, characterized in that the transmitting transformer has a resonant frequency f ₀ = 1-1000 kHz and connected to two quarter-wave lines with resonant frequencies f ₁ = f ₀ = 1-1000 kHz and f ₂ >> f ₀ , each of the quarter-wave lines is made of natural capacitance and spiral about resonator with length

for the first line and the length

for the second line, where u ₁ and u ₂ are the phase velocity of the electromagnetic wave along the axis of the first and second spiral resonators, the natural capacity of the second line is equipped with two needle shapers of the conducting channel, one of which is directed to the natural capacity of the first line, and the second shaper is oriented to load receiver, both quarter-wave lines are powered by a transmitting resonant high-frequency transformer. 15. Device for transmitting electrical energy, containing a source of electrical energy of high frequency, transmitting and receiving resonant high-frequency transformers with a resonant frequency, installed at the source and n power receivers, and n conductive channels between them, characterized in that the transmitting transformer has a resonant frequency 1 -1000 kHz and connected to the main line with a quarter-wave resonance frequency f ₀ = 1-1000 kHz, which consists of natural capacitance at the line end and at the beginning of the spiral resonator whether uu length

where u ₀ is the phase velocity of the electromagnetic wave along the axis of the spiral resonator, the device contains n additional quarter-wave lines, each of which contains a spiral resonator with a resonant frequency f >> f ₀ and a natural capacitance connected to two needle-shaped channel shapers, one with orientation the capacity of the main quarter-wave line, and the second with an orientation to one of the n load receivers, all additional quarter-wave lines are connected to the transmitting resonant high-frequency transformer main quarter-wave line. 16. The device for transmitting electrical energy according to clause 15, wherein a part of n additional quarter-wave lines is connected to its own high-frequency resonant transformer.

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