RU2515066C2 - Method of producing biologically active preparation based on lucerne hay and method for use thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to biochemistry. The invention involves steaming hay in a water condensate at temperature of up to 100°C and weight ratio of vegetable material to condensate of 1:11, adding trace elements and macro-elements in form of an aqueous solution of metal salts to obtain an enriched hay suspension, conducting high-temperature hydrolysis of the enriched hay suspension at temperature of 150-160°C and pressure of 4.5-6 atm for 40-90 min to obtain a concentrated hydrolysate, multiple recycling of the concentrated hydrolysate, wherein each recycling step involves loading a new portion of hay, water condensate and trace and macro-elements into the steaming unit and removing wastes from the concentrated hydrolysate. The mass of the reloaded hay, water condensate and trace and macro-elements should be equivalent to the mass of wastes. Upon achieving concentration of nutrients of more than 5% in the concentrated hydrolysate, a portion of the concentrated hydrolysate is fed for steaming at temperature of 60-120°C to obtain a concentrated product - the desired biologically active preparation, wherein an equivalent amount of the water condensate and trace and macro-elements is fed into the hay steaming unit.

EFFECT: invention increases cucumber yield.

4 cl, 3 tbl, 1 dwg, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used as a biostimulant to improve the growth, development and increase of plant productivity.

Basically, in agriculture, artificially synthesized chemicals are used as plant biostimulants.

Plant biostimulants are also known.

Known liquid biostimulant for the development of the root system of Radiopharm [http://udobrenie.com/page68209]. This is a plant complex of extracts containing polysaccharides, steroids, glucosides, amino acids and betaine, enriched with special additional vitamins and minerals. Radiopharm stimulates the development of lateral and additional roots, thereby contributing to the development of the entire root system of the plant.

The disadvantages of Radiopharma is that chelating compounds and zinc and other chemical compounds are not enough for the development of plants. Plants are exposed to ultraviolet rays, the root system undergoes putrefactive processes, which reduces the life expectancy of fruiting plants, some plants have to be rejected.

Known biologically active drug [patent No. 2335925, class. A23L 1/30, A23L 1/304, A23L 1/305, A23L 1/302, A61K 36/00, publ. 10.20.2008]. This biologically active preparation obtained on the basis of alfalfa was obtained by treating it with an extractant containing macro- and microelements, which contains calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, tin, cobalt, chromium, vanadium, manganese, molybdenum, copper as well as free amino acids, lipids, proteins. A biologically active drug can be used as a nutritional supplement for therapeutic purposes, as well as in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical industry, veterinary medicine, as well as as a feed additive for animals and birds. However, this biologically active drug is not used in agriculture.

The technical task of the invention is the expansion of the arsenal of biologically active substances obtained on the basis of alfalfa for use in agriculture as a biostimulant to increase plant productivity.

The problem is solved in that the proposed method for producing a biologically active preparation based on alfalfa hay involves haying in water condensate at a temperature of up to 100 ° C and a mass ratio of plant materials to condensate of 1:11, the introduction of micro and macro elements in the form of an aqueous solution of metal salts to obtain enriched suspension of hay, carrying out high-temperature hydrolysis of the enriched suspension of hay at a temperature of 150-160 ° C and a pressure of 4.5-6 atm for 40-90 minutes to obtain a concentrated hydrolyzate, mn Multiple recycling of concentrated hydrolyzate, and at each stage of the recycling, a new portion of hay, water condensate and micro and macro elements is loaded into the steaming unit and the concentrated hydrolyzate is cleaned of waste. The mass of newly loaded hay, water condensate and micro and macro elements should be equivalent to the mass of waste. Upon reaching a nutrient concentration of more than 5% in the concentrated hydrolyzate, part of the concentrated hydrolyzate is sent to evaporation at a temperature of 60-120 ° C to obtain a concentrated product - the desired biologically active preparation, in which the concentration of biologically active substances is 38.5-41.5%, at the same time, an equivalent amount of water condensate and micro and macro elements are added to the hay parker.

The introduction of micro and macro elements is carried out at the stage of hay steaming in water condensate in the following ratio, mg / kg of plant material:

iron sulfate 7-aqueous 0.450-0.650

zinc sulfate 7-aqueous 0.13-0.17

5-aqueous manganese sulfate 0.065-0.089

copper sulfate 5-water 0.001-0.004

ammonium molybdenum acid 0.006-0.007

ammonium vanadium acid 0.006-0.007

7-aqueous cobalt sulfate 0.015-0.017

chlorine tin 0.015-0.017

barium chloride 0.005-0.007

magnesium sulfate 0.4-0.7

ammonium orthophosphate trisubstituted 0.15-0.18

potassium sulfate 0.4-0.6

potassium orthophosphate trisubstituted 0.15-0.18

The task is also solved by the fact that it is proposed to use a biologically active drug based on alfalfa hay, containing calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, tin, cobalt, chromium, vanadium, manganese, molybdenum, copper, as well as free amino acids , lipids, proteins as a means of stimulating an increase in the productivity of plants, and both seeds and sprouted plants are treated. Seeds are soaked in an aqueous solution of the proposed biologically active drug, and plants are treated with an aqueous solution of the proposed biologically active drug by alternating irrigation of the aerial parts of plants and watering.

The properties of the proposed biostimulant, increasing plant productivity, were discovered for the first time. In the proposed method for the production of a biologically active drug based on alfalfa hay during high-temperature hydrolysis, nutrients are extracted from seed alfalfa in the form of water-soluble compounds, which are chelate aggregates obtained from organic substances (from monosaccharides, disaccharides, glucosides from a number of saponins, thioglucosides, pectin - compounds, protein compounds) and compounds of macro- and microelements (iron, zinc, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, sulfur, potassium, silicon, fluorine, tin, Anadia and barium). During the hydrolysis of a hay suspension, organic compounds are formed that are tightly bound to metal ions. The aqueous extract of chelating compounds is able to form a condensed extract, in which multivitamin complexes, essential amino acids, flavanoids, uronic acids are formed.

The use of this biologically active drug improves seed germination, makes seedlings resistant to ultraviolet rays, improves root system development, suppresses putrefactive processes in it, while plants have a juicy green color, easier to tolerate frosts, prolonged plant life, that is, prolonged fruiting time . Plants are less susceptible to disease. Culling of plants during industrial testing was not observed.

The proposed method for producing a biologically active drug based on alfalfa hay is illustrated by a scheme where:

1 - block hay parking,

2 - block high-temperature hydrolysis of an enriched suspension of hay,

3 - block receiving the finished product,

4 - block cleaning concentrated hydrolyzate,

I is the feed line,

II - feed line enriched suspension of hay,

III - feed line of concentrated hydrolyzate,

IV - feed line of concentrated hydrolyzate with solid waste,

V is the feed line of the purified concentrated hydrolyzate,

VI - waste disposal line,

VII - feed line of the finished product,

VIII - the supply line of micro and macro elements in the form of an aqueous solution of metal salts,

IX - water condensate feed line.

The feedstock - crushed alfalfa hay through line I is fed to block 1 for steaming in water condensate at temperatures up to 100 ° C and a mass ratio of plant material to condensate 1:11. Along lines IX and VIII, water condensate with a temperature of up to 100 ° С and micro and macro elements in the form of an aqueous solution of metal salts are introduced into block 1 to obtain an enriched suspension of hay. Line II enriched a suspension of hay is fed to block 2, where high-temperature hydrolysis is performed.

At the first stage of recycle through line IV from the high-temperature hydrolysis unit 2, the concentrated hydrolyzate is discharged containing the waste is fed to unit 4 for purification. Via line V, the purified concentrated hydrolyzate is fed to block 1 to prepare the next portion of the hay suspension. At the same time, in block 1 - a new portion of hay, water condensate and micro and macro elements. Line VI discharges waste from block 4.

In the subsequent stages of the recycle, all operations are repeated. On the block of high-temperature hydrolysis, the concentration of nutrients in the concentrated hydrolyzate is constantly monitored.

Upon reaching a nutrient concentration of more than 5% in the concentrated hydrolyzate, part of the concentrated hydrolyzate along line III is sent to block 3 for evaporation to obtain a concentrated product, from where it is discharged through line VII.

The invention is illustrated by examples.

Example 1. In block 1 is loaded with 50 kg of hay and 500 l of water condensate with trace elements.

In block 2, which is a steel reactor made of X18H10T steel with a volume of 1000 l, equipped with a bubbler for supplying steam into the reactor and an external steam jacket for supplying steam by the deaf method, a hay suspension prepared in 1 block is fed. Hydrolysis is carried out at a temperature of 50 degrees, at atmospheric pressure. The resulting product was subjected to analysis. The results are listed in table 1.

The following examples 2-10 were carried out at a temperature of from 100 degrees and above and at a pressure of atmospheric to 6 atm. The results are summarized in table No. 1.

Table 1 The concentration of nutrients in the concentrated hydrolyzate obtained by a single recycling No. T, ºC P, atm Suspension of hay with water condensate and trace elements, kg / operation Hydrolysis time in min Concentrated
hydrolyzate, g / l Note one fifty Atm Hay 50 kg, water condensate with micro and macro elements 500 l 90 Hydrolysis does not go 2 one hundred Atm Hay 50 kg, water condensate with micro and macro elements 500 l 90 Hydrolysis does not go 3 115 1,5 Sena 50 kg,
water condensate with micro and macro elements 500 l 90 0.1 Hydrolysis does not go four 125 2,5 Hay 50 kg, water condensate with micro and macro elements 500 l 90 0.3 Product yield 0.5%, nutrient recovery 4.5% 5 140 4.0 Hay 50 kg, water condensate with micro and macro elements 500 l 90 1,5 Product yield 7.4%; nutrient recovery 66.66% 6 150 5.5 Hay 50 kg, water condensate with micro and macro elements 500 l 90 2,3 Product yield 10.1%; nutrient recovery 90.9% 7 160 5.9 Hay 50 kg, water condensate with micro and macro elements 500 l 90 2.45 Product yield 10.9%, nutrient recovery 98.19% 8 170 6.4 Hay 50 kg, water condensate with micro and macro elements 500 l 90 2.45 Product yield 10.9%, nutrient recovery 98.19% Raising temperatures above 160ºC is not advisable, because nutrients extracted completely 9 160 5.9 Hay 50 kg. water condensate with micro and macro elements of 500 l. 60 2.45 Product yield 10.9%, nutrient recovery 98.19% 10 160 5.9 Hay 50 kg, water condensate with micro and macro elements 500 l 40 2,35 Product yield 10.9%, nutrient recovery 98.19%

Conducting multiple recycling in order to increase the concentration of nutrients in the finished product is advisable at a temperature of 150-160ºC and a pressure of 4.5-6 atm for 40-90 minutes.

Increasing the concentration of nutrients as a result of triple recycling (example 7) No. T, ºC P, atm Suspension of hay with water condensate and trace elements, kg / operation Hydrolysis time in min Concentrated
hydrolyzate, g / l Note one 160 5.9 Hay 50 kg, water
condensate with micro and macro elements, 500 l 90 2.45 Yield 10.9% 2 160 5.9 Hay 50 kg, water condensate with micro and macro elements 500 l 90 4.2 Product yield 10.9%, nutrient recovery 98.19% 3 160 5.9 Hay 50 kg, water condensate with micro and macro elements 500 l 90 7.9 Product yield 10.9%, nutrient recovery 98.19%

Example 11

VGUSP "Sovkhoz Alekseevsky" used the treatment of cucumbers with a biologically active preparation based on alfalfa hay - watering and irrigation of the aerial parts of plants.

The first time after seed germination is carried out watering. After that, after 7 days, irrigation is carried out. In the future, watering and irrigation alternate every 7 days as well and are carried out until the end of the fruiting period. A biologically active preparation was added to irrigation water at a ratio of 100-120 g per 100 liters. Irrigation and irrigation were carried out on the basis of at least 5 m ^{3 of} irrigation water per 1 ha.

Compared to the treatment with Radiopharm, it was noted that the leaves of the experimental plants were more green, the root system of the treated plants significantly exceeded the control, the yield of cucumbers was higher (see table 3).

Table 3 Comparative indicators of the yield of cucumbers Collection date Treated with Radiopharm (kg / section) Treated with a biostimulator based on alfalfa hay (kg / section) difference 11/04/2011 18,4 18.39 -0.01 11/07/2011 51.27 52.60 +1.33 11/16/2011 23.6 29.16 +5.55 11/25/2011 22.62 23.9 +1.28 12/02/2011 21.73 24.5 + 2.77 12/07/2011 21.74 25.1 +3.33 12/14/2011 41.44 42.55 +1.11

The yield of cucumbers treated with Radiopharm was 30 kg per 1 m ² , and those treated with a biologically active drug based on alfalfa hay - 32 kg per 1 m ² . On average, over five months of harvesting, the yield of cucumbers treated with a biologically active preparation based on alfalfa hay increased by 20 tons from 1 hectare of area. Consequently, over the year, productivity will increase by more than 40 tons from 1 ha of land.

Example 12

Before planting, the seeds of cucumbers were pretreated with a biologically active preparation based on alfalfa hay. The seeds were soaked in an aqueous solution of a biologically active preparation at the rate of 150 g per 100 l and kept for 18 hours, which positively affected the development of the plant. Seedlings are well rooted, the plants have a juicy green color, and there are no traces of burns on the leaves. Productivity of cucumbers increased by 7.6%

Thus, the use of a biologically active drug based on alfalfa hay can increase productivity and increase fruiting time. The incidence of plants is sharply reduced, the problem of burns, both thermal and ultraviolet, is reduced, the root system becomes more powerful, which allows you to maintain longer fruiting lashes in working condition, which increases productivity. When using a biologically active drug based on alfalfa hay, it became possible to create an additional root system on lashes of cucumbers, which reduces the route of nutrients to the fruiting zone of plants.

Claims (4)

1. A method of producing a biologically active preparation based on alfalfa hay, including hay steaming in an aqueous condensate, introducing micro and macro elements in the form of an aqueous solution of metal salts to obtain an enriched hay suspension, conducting high-temperature hydrolysis of an enriched hay suspension to obtain a concentrated hydrolyzate, forming a biologically active preparation at the evaporation stage, characterized in that the method further comprises recycling the concentrated hydrolyzate, and haying in a water condensate Athe is carried out at a temperature of up to 100 ° C and a mass ratio of alfalfa hay to condensate 1:11, the introduction of micro and macro elements is carried out in the following ratio, mg / kg of alfalfa hay:
iron sulfate 7-aqueous 0.450-0.650
zinc sulfate 7-aqueous 0.13-0.17
5-aqueous manganese sulfate 0.065-0.089
copper sulfate 5-water 0.001-0.004
ammonium molybdenum acid 0.006-0.007
ammonium vanadium acid 0.006-0.007
7-aqueous cobalt sulfate 0.015-0.017
chlorine tin 0.015-0.017
barium chloride 0.005-0.007
magnesium sulfate 0.4-0.7
ammonium orthophosphate trisubstituted 0.15-0.18
potassium sulfate 0.4-0.6
potassium orthophosphate trisubstituted 0.15-0.18,
high-temperature hydrolysis of the enriched suspension of alfalfa hay is carried out at a temperature of 150-160 ° C and a pressure of 4.5-6 atm for 40-90 minutes, the formation of a biologically active preparation during evaporation occurs at a temperature of 60-120 ° C. 2. The method of obtaining a biologically active drug based on alfalfa hay according to claim 1, characterized in that at each stage of the recycle, a new portion of hay, an aqueous hydrolyzate and micro and macro elements is loaded into the steaming unit and the concentrated hydrolyzate is cleaned of waste, and the mass is again loaded hay, water condensate and micro and macro elements should be equivalent to the mass of waste. 3. The method of obtaining a biologically active preparation based on alfalfa hay according to claim 1, characterized in that when the concentration of nutrients is more than 5% in the concentrated hydrolyzate, part of the concentrated hydrolyzate is sent to the evaporation, while an equivalent amount of water condensate is added to the hay blocking unit and micro and macro elements. 4. The use of a biologically active drug obtained by the method according to claim 1, to stimulate the growth of cucumbers, is to soak the seeds of cucumbers in an aqueous solution of the biologically active drug obtained by the method according to claim 1, with a ratio of 150 g of the drug per 100 l of water for 18 hours, processing by alternating irrigation of the aerial parts of plants and watering every 7 days from the time of seed germination to the end of the fruiting period, when the biologically active preparation obtained by the method according to claim 1 is contained in water of 100-12 0 g per 100 l, and processing at the rate of at least 5 m ^{3 of} irrigation water per 1 ha.

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