RU2514252C1 - Method to extract non-commercial reserves in development of coal beds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mining industry, in particular, to development of slope beds of coal deposits by open mining works. The method includes development of a series of slope flat-dipping beds by open mining works comprising a coal bed with non-commercial reserves. This bed may be in a bench at its any height. Mining of overburden rocks is carried out by horizontal layers after blast-hole drilling carried out with the purpose to loosen the rock massif for the entire height of the bench, including a coal bed with non-commercial reserves. The rock of the beds without admixture of coal is loaded right into dumper trucks, and the layer containing the bed coal with non-commercial reserves, is sent via the device for separation of rock pieces from fine coal and loaded into different dump trucks. The upper and lower borders of the layer containing the bed coal with non-commercial reserves are set, when the mixture of the rock and coal reaches the ratio of 85-90% rock and 10-15% coal.

EFFECT: extraction of coal bed with non-commercial reserves without changes in the procedure of open mining works performance.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in open pit mining of coal seams to extract off-balance coal reserves.

There is a method of extracting off-balance reserves in the combined development of coal seams ([1] prototype).

The main disadvantages of this technology are large losses of coal, as well as the need to break the ledge into sub-steps associated with the location of the formation with off-balance coal reserves.

The technical task was to develop a technology that allows the extraction of a coal seam with off-balance reserves without changing the procedure for conducting open cast mining.

The proposed method is characterized in that the coal seam with off-balance reserves can be in the ledge at any height, and overburden rocks are developed in horizontal layers after drilling and blasting operations to the entire height of the ledge, and the layer including the loosened coal seam with off-balance reserves is passed during loading to vehicles through a device for separating pieces of rock from coal fines, while the mixture of rock and coal in the ratio of 85-90% of the rock and 10-15% of coal is taken as the upper and lower boundaries of this layer.

The essential feature introduced into the formula as the fact that a coal seam with off-balance reserves can be in a ledge at any height ensures the extraction of this seam without changing the order of conducting open cast mining.

Another significant sign that the development of overburden rocks is carried out in horizontal layers, allows you to select a layer containing a coal seam with off-balance reserves.

An essential sign that overburden mining is carried out after drilling and blasting operations to the full height of the ledge makes it possible to drill wells at the full height of the ledge (with drilling the formation with off-balance reserves), and in case of explosion, loosen the mass of rocks and coal.

An essential sign that the layer, including a loosened coal seam with off-balance reserves, is passed when loading into vehicles through a device for separating pieces of rock from coal fines, allows you to separate the rock from coal and load them into different vehicles.

The next significant sign that the mixture of rock and coal in the ratio of 85-90% of the rock and 10-15% of coal is taken as the upper and lower boundaries of the layer ensures minimal loss of coal during its extraction.

The essence of the method is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 shows a plan of a section of open cast mining in the process of extracting off-balance reserves, Fig. 2 is a section A-A in Fig. 1.

Symbols adopted in the drawings:

1 - coal deposit; 2 - formation retinue; 3 - coal seam with off-balance reserves; 4 - excavator; 5 - dump trucks for the breed; 6 - a device for separating pieces of rock from coal; 7 - dump trucks for coal.

The method is as follows.

Coal deposit 1, represented by a retinue of gently dipping seams 2, has a seam 3 with reserves related to off-balance, for example, due to the low power of the seam. Such strata, as a rule, are extracted together with overburden rock and can cause the burning of waste dumps. Mining operations are carried out at a step height from the soil of the upper layer to the roof of the lower layer. In this case, layer 3 is located in the middle part of the ledge. When conducting blasting operations, wells are drilled to the entire height of the ledge with drilling of formation 3. During blasting, the rock mass and formation 3 are loosened. Then, using, for example, the technology of excavating overburden by horizontal layers [2], the rock is loaded using an excavator 4 in dump trucks 5. Thus, layers I and II are practiced. The upper boundary of layer III is determined when coal fines appear in the rock in an amount equal to 10-15%. In the same way, the lower boundary of this layer is determined. When excavating layer III, a mixture of rock and coal is passed through a device 6 for separating pieces of rock from coal fines. The device 6 has longitudinal rods of round shape with distances between the rods equal to the maximum size of the coal pieces. Separated pieces of rock fall into dump trucks 5, and coal is loaded into dump trucks 7, which are transported to an enrichment plant. The subsequent layers IV and V are worked out with the loading of the rock into dump trucks 5. Other blasted blocks are also worked out according to this technology. The advantages of the proposed method are:

- additional extraction of off-balance reserves with minimal losses;

- there is no need to divide ledges into sub-steps.

Information sources

1. RF patent No. 2455488, cl. E21C 41/00, 2012

2. V.F. Kolesnikov, A.I. Koryakin, A.V. Strelnikov. The technology of excavation using hydraulic excavators. - Kemerovo: Publishing house of Kuzbassvuzizdat, p. 46.

Claims (1)

A method of extracting off-balance reserves in the development of coal seams, including the development of open-pit mining of suites of damp seams containing a coal seam with off-balance reserves, characterized in that said coal seam can be in a ledge at any height, and overburden rocks are developed in horizontal layers after production drilling and blasting operations over the entire height of the ledge, and a layer including a loosened coal seam with off-balance reserves is passed through when loading into vehicles ystvo to separate pieces of rock from fine coal, wherein the upper and lower boundaries of the layer receiving the mixture rock and the coal in a ratio of 85-90% and 10-15% rock coal.

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