RU2514035C2 - Method of combined development of steeply-dipping ore bodies - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mining industry and may be used in development of thick steeply-dipping valuable ore bodies by the open-underground method. The method includes development of a pit to design depth with arrangement of the board to the limit position, mining of bottom and near-edge-zone reserves of ore with application of underground mines, transportation of broken ore in underground mines. Development of near-edge-zone reserves of the ore is carried out after extraction of bottom ones with a chamber system of development under protection of a combined rock-filling massif at the side of the pit space, besides, the rock-filling massif is formed as bottom up in layers, alternating filling of the waste rock and filling of the hardening filling mixture of the formed space between the dump and the board of the pit on each layer.

EFFECT: reduced losses and dilution in mining of near-edge-zone reserves of ore from overlying rocks.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the development of an open-underground method of powerful steeply falling ore bodies.

There is a method of open-cast mining of steeply falling kimberlite deposits, including mining a quarry to design depth by stages with flank adjustment with parameters admissible in terms of stability, offsetting the flanks and finalizing the mineral array in instrument pillars with flail adjustment with ultrahigh steep ledges at the ultimate offset angle (see RF Patent No. 2180041, IPC E21C 41/26, dated February 27, 2002).

The disadvantages of this method can be attributed to the fact that the mining of ore ore reserves only in an open way does not ensure the completeness of excavation and does not preclude increased ore dilution. In addition, the finalization of the quarry at the last stage is carried out with the minimum acceptable margin of safety (KZU), and this leads to a decrease in the safety of mining.

There is also known a method of combined open-underground mining of near-mine and sub-quarry reserves, including the refinement of these reserves by underground mining system with sub-floor collapse of ore and host rocks with the release of ore into the trench bottom, with the creation of a rocky “pillow” over the ore massif by collapse of the pit side (see Yu.V. Demidov, A.Yu. Zvonar, A.A. Leontyev, Combined open-underground mining of instrument and sub-quarry reserves of apatite-nepheline ores. Gorny Zhurnal, No. 9, 2009).

The disadvantage of this known method is the low quality of the ore mined due to the large dilution of the overlying rocks.

Closest to the proposed invention in technical essence is a method of developing mineral deposits, including mining a quarry to design depth, using underground workings, drilling, blasting holes and releasing ore to a concentration horizon, excavating the ore in horizontal layers in the contours of the quarry with a flank offset with a smoothly changing the steepness of the slopes of the ledges and its sections, the refinement of ore reserves below the expanded open pit bottom with drilling from the open pit bottom and from underground workings, I’m a sub-floor, blocking bottom and bottom pillar ore in sections with a thickened grid of wells, mining a pillar from underground workings with a total height of one sub-floor, releasing ore from the side of the hanging side into vehicles with a gradual displacement to the lying side and delivering ore to the surface using an inclined conveyor, (see RF patent No. 2241119, IPC E21C 41/00, 2003).

The main disadvantage of this method is the large dispersion of the beaten ore along the bottom of the quarry and increased dilution of the ore when mining equipment reserves from overlying rocks.

The technical problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to reduce losses and dilute during mining of ore reserves from overlying rocks.

The specified result is achieved by the fact that in the method of developing powerful steep-dipping ore bodies, including working out the quarry to the design depth with flailing to the limit position, working out bottom and instrument ore reserves using underground workings, transporting the beaten ore through underground workings, working out the instrument ore reserves after excavation of the bottom chamber system of development under the protection of the combined rock-stowing massif from the side of the quarry space, and the rock-stowing the first array is formed from the bottom up in layers, with alternating dumping waste dump and fill settable filling mixture formed by the space between the blade and the edge of the pit on each layer. In a vertical section, the rock dump is shaped like an equilateral trapezoid, and the backfill array - inverted equilateral trapezoid. The height of the formed combined rock-filling array is selected from the ratio:

$$h_{\mathrm{to}c}=\frac{\left(m-l_d\right)\cdot \sin \alpha \cdot \sin \beta }{\sin \left(\alpha +\beta \right)}+b_k-h_d,m,$$

where h _kts is the height of the combined rock-filling array;

m is the horizontal thickness of the ore body, m;

l _d - the length of the treatment space of bottom stocks, m;

α - angle of incidence of the hanging side of the ore body, deg .;

β is the angle of inclination of the side of the quarry, deg .;

b _k - the width of the practiced chamber located in the instrument array, m;

h _d - the height of the spent bottom stocks, m

Analysis of known solutions showed that the essence of the proposed solutions is characterized by a new set of features.

The essence of the invention is illustrated in the drawing,

where figure 1 is a projection of mining on the vertical plane of the mining scheme of bottom and bottom ore reserves.

The drawing shows the stages of the sequence of mining operations - I, II, III and IV; 1 - floor ore reserves mined by the mining development system; 2 - bottom ore reserves; 3 - ore reserves of ore; PZ - combined rock-filling array; 4 - rock dump of the first layer of PZ; 5 - filling array of a hardening mixture of the first layer of PZ; 6 - underground workings; 7 - ore reserves for underground mining.

The inventive method is as follows.

The mining of ore reserves is carried out in four stages (I-IV). At the first stage, floor ore reserves are mined by a chamber development system - 1 under the bottom - 2 and instrument - 3 ores and the mined-out space is laid with a hardening mixture. Then the bottom reserves of ore -2 are recaptured and they are shipped through underground workings - 6. The mined-out space is laid (stage - II). After a set of normative strength is gained by the stowing array, they begin to create a combined rock-stowing massif PZ, under the protection of which ore ore reserves will be mined - 3 (stage - III). First, a rock dump of the first layer is formed - 4 combined rock-filling massif - PZ. Then, a hardening mixture is fed into the formed space between the instrument stocks - 3 and the formed rock dump of the first layer - 4, which forms the filling part of the first layer - 5 of the combined rock-filling massif - ПЗ. After a set of normative strength is set by a bookmark, they begin to form a second layer similar to the first and so on until the complete design of the combined rock-filling massif of the PZ. The last, upper layer is placed above the upper contour of the ore ore reserves into the open pit mine - 2. At the IV stage, ore ore reserves are mined at the same time - 2, under the protection of the combined rock-filling array - PZ, and the remaining ore reserves for underground mining - 7 .

The application of the proposed method for the development of steeply falling ore bodies will ensure the mining of ore reserves under the protection of the combined rock-filling array, with minimal loss and dilution of the ore. The design of the rock-filling array, formed by alternating the filling of the rock dump and pouring the hardening filling mixture of the formed space between the dump and the side of the quarry on each layer, will reduce the cost of the filling mixture through the use of a combination of rock and the laying of the hardening mixture on each layer.

Claims (3)

1. A method for the combined development of steeply falling ore bodies, including mining the quarry to the design depth with flailing to the limit position, mining the near-bottom and ore reserves of ore using underground workings, transporting the beaten ore through underground workings, characterized in that the ore reserves are mined after excavation near-bottom reserves by a chamber development system protected by a combined rock-filling array from the side of the quarry space, and the rock-filling the array is formed from the bottom up in layers, with alternating dumping of the rock dump and pouring a hardening filling mixture of the formed space between the dump and the side of the quarry on each layer. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in a vertical section the rock dump is shaped like an equilateral trapezoid, and the backfill array - inverted equilateral trapezoid. 3. The method according to 1, characterized in that the height of the formed combined rock-filling array is selected from the ratio:
$$h_{\mathrm{to}c}=\frac{\left(m-l_d\right)\cdot \sin \alpha \cdot \sin \beta }{\sin \left(\alpha +\beta \right)}+b_k-h_d,m,$$

where h _kts is the height of the combined rock-filling array;
m is the horizontal thickness of the ore body, m;
l _d - the length of the treatment space of bottom stocks, m;
α - angle of incidence of the hanging side of the ore body, deg .;
β is the angle of inclination of the side of the quarry, deg .;
b _k - the width of the practiced chamber located in the instrument array, m;
h _d - the height of the spent bottom stocks, m

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