RU2405109C1 - Method of developing thick ore deposits by underground mining with interchamber pillars support - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining. ^ SUBSTANCE: proposed method comprises driving preparatory and entry headings, drilling sublevels, charging and blasting wells, and releasing ore from the chamber via ore-receiving bottom heading. After producing entry sublevel drifts, and along with drilling blast wells within the limits of sublevel chambered deposit, arc drilling of wells is performed in interchamber pillars, followed by rope rods installation and filling drilled holes by hardening mix at pressure. Note here that blast hole ring is drilled over the entire width of pillar, in staggered order, not penetrating to pillar outcropping boundary for 0.5-1 m. ^ EFFECT: reduced ore loses, higher efficiency and lower costs. ^ 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mining and underground construction, namely, it is used in underground mining of powerful horizontal, dipping and steeply dipping ore and non-metallic deposits, and can be aimed at creating a more economical underground mining technology.

A known method for the development of ore bodies (RF patent No. 2280765, E21C 41/22, publ. 2006.07.27). The method includes the extraction of minerals from top to bottom in the boundaries of the excavation site, mining sites with cameras of the first and second stage, the formation of inter-chamber pillars and the laying of the worked out space by feeding filling mixtures into it. The processed chambers of the first and second stage are formed from a split drift, and the cameras are placed on both sides of the split drift in a checkerboard pattern relative to the axis of the split drift, and the interchamber pillars are opposite each other. After working out the chambers of the first and second stage of the upper layer, they are laid and laid out with the worked out space of interchamber pillars by hardening mixtures, reinforcing it in the lower part to a height of 1/3 of the height of the upper layer. After that, the bottom layer is worked out by the cameras of the first and second stage with the inter-chamber pillars left and their subsequent development. The chambers of the first and second stage of the lower layer are laid with hardening mixtures, and the worked-out space of the interchamber pillars of the lower layer is laid with a cementless clay-based bookmark with the addition of filler and ash. The split drift of each layer after mining the site is laid using hardening mixtures. The invention is aimed at improving the safety and intensity of mining.

The disadvantage of this method is the high complexity of the operations of the method associated with the use of bookmarks of the worked-out space with the filing of filling mixtures, reinforcement and hardening mixtures.

There is a method of underground mining of mineral deposits chamber-and-column method (patent application of the Russian Federation No. 2002128554, E21C 41/22, publ. 2004.04.27), including the development of horizontal layers from bottom to top, breaking the ore with openings, mainly horizontal bore holes, shipment of broken ore and filling the worked out space with a nonmetallic bookmark from gangue, while the development of the following openings in this layer is carried out from the surface of the bookmark, characterized in that as the ore is broken in the layer being developed, it leads to cal shipment, and the remaining ore magaziniruyut within the chamber until full working off layer and the filling chamber, whereupon the shipping ore and simultaneously fill the chamber non-metal tab, with which the surface of developing the next layer.

The disadvantage of this method is the high dilution of the ore when it is shipped from the surface of the bookmark, as well as the low productivity associated with the need to store ore in the block.

A known method of underground mining of mineral deposits (RF patent No. 2306417, E21C 41/16, publ. 2007.09.20). The technical result of the invention is the creation of favorable conditions for the use of high-performance development systems, improving the safety and efficiency of mining. This goal is achieved by the fact that the treatment works are carried out in three stages: at the first stage, a closed contouring artificial massif of constant or variable width towards the external contour is erected around the entire perimeter of the ore body or in the area prepared for the treatment excavation. At the second stage, the reserves of the internal volume of the contoured area by the construction of dividing artificial arrays are divided into extraction units. At the third stage, mining units are worked out using technologies with forced separation of ore from the massif or with self-collapse of a mineral. The mining procedure is adopted in such a way that the diagonals of two or more simultaneously mined mining units in the plan always make up a straight line of the front of displacement of the treatment works in the mined area. When developing mineral deposits represented by unstable ores and rocks, a protective layer of a given shape is created at the level of the upper cut over each mining unit. If there are reservoirs with pressure fluids in the host rocks, an anti-filtration curtain is constructed in parallel with the erection of an artificial contouring array from its external borders into the interior of the rock mass.

The disadvantage of this method is the very significant cost of constructing a closed contouring artificial array.

A known method of protecting inter-chamber pillars from destruction, adopted as a prototype (RF patent No. 2130552, Е21С 41/16, publ. 1999.05.20). The method includes the creation of a supporting pillar along the external contour of the pillar and is characterized by the fact that wells are drilled in the chamber’s soil in the soil of the chamber, vertical piles are installed in them, which are rigidly fastened together with screeds, passed through the horizontal wells drilled through the pillar, and vertical formwork is installed between the piles along the contour of the pillar and fill the free space between the whole and the formwork of the hardening tab. Using the proposed method will significantly increase the safety of pillars due to the high stability of the formed reinforced concrete structure.

The disadvantage of this method is the partial protection of the pillar from destruction, since these measures are made slightly higher than the soil of the chamber and do not cover the entire array of the pillar in height.

The technical result of the method is to reduce ore losses in the inter-chamber pillars, which will increase the technical and economic indicators and reduce the cost of ore production by attaching pillars with rod cables.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of developing powerful ore deposits by underground method with fixing inter-chamber pillars, including the excavation of preparatory and rifled workings, drilling of subfloors, loading and blasting wells, discharging broken ore from the chamber through the excavation of the ore receiving bottom, according to the invention after sinking of subfloor workings from them in parallel with the drilling of blast holes within the boundaries of the chamber reserves of the subfloors carry out the drilling of fans of wells in inter-chamber and inter panel pillars with the subsequent installation of cable rods and filling the wells with a hardening mixture under pressure, while fans of wells in pillars are drilled the entire width of the pillar in a checkerboard pattern with a hole to the border of the pillar exposure (0.5-1 meter).

The method of developing powerful ore deposits by an underground method with fixing inter-chamber pillars is illustrated by the drawings, Fig. 1 shows a vertical section along line A-A, Fig. 2 shows a horizontal section along line B-B, Fig. 3 shows a section along line B- B, Fig. 4 shows a section along the G-G line, where 1 is a steeply falling ore body, 2 are fans of wells drilled for securing the pillars, 3 are blast holes for breaking stocks of subfloors, 4 are fans of wells for preparing the outlet trench, 5 - beaten ore mass, 6 - recoil unit, 7 - conveyor tny ventilation ort, 8 - loading and loading drift, 9 - drilling drift, 10 - trench, 11 - loading races, 12 - ventilation ort, 13 - ore discharge, 14 - floor drift, 15 - floor ort, 16 - ventilation fault, 17 - interchamber pillar, 18 - interchannel pillar, 19 - precinct motor vehicle, 20 - failure.

The method of developing powerful ore deposits by an underground method with the fastening of inter-chamber pillars is as follows. The steeply falling ore body 1 is prepared with the necessary preparatory and rifled workings. On the flanks pass transport air ducts 7, which are knocked down by loading and delivery drifts 8, and of them pass loading rides 11, from which pass the drift 9, expandable into trench 10 when blasting fans of bore holes 4, designed to prepare trench 10. On the rolling horizon pass a retracting unit 6, which is designed for all 4 chambers of the block, then the retracting unit is knocked down with a payload delivery drift 8 with two ore passages 13, each ore pass is provided for 2 chambers. Of the transport air ducts 7, in the inter-panel pillars 18, there are local autoships 19, and at each sub-floor from the motor-car entrance, faults 20 are made, of which the camera is contoured by sub-floor drifts 14 and sub-floor orts 15, in the middle of the chamber on the upper sub-floor there is an air duct 12, which stray from chambers ventilation failures 16. In the preparation of the trench 10 beaten ore 5 is not fully released, leaving a softening cushion. The camera reserves are worked out by sub-floor ledges. The stocking of the storeys is carried out in descending order from the floor drifts, in parallel with the drilling and loading of the blast hole fans 3, the fans of the wells 2 are drilled in the inter-chamber pillar 17, installing rod cables in them with further injection into these wells under the pressure of the hardening mixture (in the upper floor deck drift work to strengthen the pillar is not conducted, since the installation of cable rods is impractical). Then there is an explosion of wells 3 in the sub-floor and further ventilation of the chamber. After that produce the output of beaten ore 5 through the trench 10. Release is as follows. For example, a loading and delivery machine (not shown) enters the trench 5 through loading run 11, scoops up the loosened ore and transports it along the loading and delivery drift 8 to the nearest ore pass 13, and the ore is transferred to the haulage horizon, then it is loaded into the loading hopper into trolleys (not shown) and transported to lifting workings (not shown).

The application of the proposed method for the development of powerful mineral deposits underground by attaching inter-chamber pillars with rod cables provides the following advantages:

- increase the bearing capacity of interchamber pillars;

- extension of their service life;

- reduction of ore losses in inter-chamber pillars by 20-30%;

- improvement of technical and economic indicators of this development system;

- reduction in the cost of ore.

Claims (1)

A method of developing powerful ore deposits by an underground method with securing inter-chamber pillars, including sinking preparatory and rifled workings, drilling floors, loading and blasting wells, discharging broken ore from the chamber through the workings of the ore receiving bottom, characterized in that, after sinking the threaded sub-floor workings from them, in parallel with the drilling of blast holes within the chamber reserves of subfloors, they carry out drilling of fans of wells in interchamber and interdannel pillars with subsequent installation cable rods and filling the wells with a hardening mixture under pressure, while the fans of the wells in the pillars are drilled the entire width of the pillar in a checkerboard pattern with a gap to the border of the pillar exposure of 0.5-1 m.

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