RU2467545C2 - Universal plant for pre-seeding treatment of seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to plants for pre-seeding treatment of crop seeds. Universal plant for pre-seeding treatment of seeds comprises a loading hopper made in the form of a funnel and connected to the chamber for seed treatment made in the form of a cylindrical tube, between which the sealing element is placed in the form of a ring, a receiving hopper for receiving the treated seeds, a housing in which the high-voltage impulse generator is mounted and a power supply source. The chamber for seed treatment is a waveguide-capacitor, made in the form of two coaxial cylinders: the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder which are in turn the capacitor plates, and is connected to the high-voltage impulse generator. The latter is made with the ability to create an electric field with pulses of 10^-9 and a repetition frequency up to 1000 Hz. The surface of the inner cylinder of the inner plate of the waveguide-capacitor the screw is mounted which is additionally installed in the chamber for seed treatment and made with the ability to change the speed of seeds movement. Moreover, the velocity of the screw is determined by the speed control mounted on the power supply source. The plant is also additionally equipped with a table top with a hole and legs mounted with sleeves in it. The loading hopper, the housing with the high-voltage impulse generator and the power supply source are located at the top of the table top, and the chamber for seed treatment in the form of a cylindrical tube with a screw is located under the table top through the hole. The table top is additionally provided with at least two plates with different diameter of holes with the possibility of replacement of the loading hopper connected to the chamber for seed treatment depending on the size of the seeds.

EFFECT: invention enables to achieve high quality of seed treatment, to increase productivity, to simplify the design and to improve the usability.

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Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to universal plants for pre-sowing seed treatment, and can be used for pre-sowing seed treatment of various crops.

State of the art

A known installation for presowing treatment of seeds, including an inductor made of two insulated electrode plates and connected to a high voltage transformer, while it has an adjustable static frequency converter, the input of which is connected to the primary winding of a high voltage transformer (see US Pat. RU No. 2137333, IPC A01C 1/00, published on September 20, 1999).

The disadvantage of this installation is the low efficiency of seed treatment.

A known installation for pre-sowing seed treatment containing loading and receiving hoppers, a seed treatment chamber in the form of a diamagnetic pipe, a magnetic circuit with a magnetizing coil connected to an alternating current main, and a ferromagnetic element, the latter being made in the form of two identical, interconnected bushings directed to each other by conical parts of a smaller diameter, which are annular pole pieces, the diamagnetic pipe being installed inside the bushings (see US Pat. RU No. 2193833, IPC A01C 1/00, publ. December 10, 2002).

The disadvantages of this installation are the bulkiness of the installation, the low quality of seed treatment.

A device for presowing treatment of seeds, including an inductor made of two insulated electrode plates, connected to a high voltage transformer, the primary winding of which is connected to the output of an adjustable static frequency converter, the electrode plates are installed with the possibility of changing the distance between them in the upper part by means of a rod dielectric material (see Pat. RU No. 2197802, IPC A01C 1/00, publ. 02/10/2003).

The disadvantage of this device is the complexity of the technical implementation.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved positive effect and adopted by the authors for the prototype is the installation containing a loading hopper, a seed treatment chamber from a diamagnetic pipe, a magnetic circuit with a magnetizing coil connected to a three-phase AC source and covering the treatment chamber, and a ferromagnetic cylinder assembled from ferromagnetic plates (see AS SU No. 1091870, IPC А01С 1/00).

The disadvantages of this installation are the design complexity, a small volume of the active zone inside the chamber, and low installation productivity.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is the development of a universal installation for pre-sowing seed treatment with high quality seed treatment, productivity, simplification of design and ease of use due to the interchangeability of the seed treatment chamber depending on the size of the seeds, and therefore the diameter of the diamagnetic pipe.

The technical result that can be obtained using the present invention is reduced to high quality seed treatment, productivity, simplification of design and ease of use.

The technical result is achieved using a plant for pre-sowing seed treatment containing loading and receiving hoppers, a seed treatment chamber in the form of a diamagnetic pipe connected to a housing in which a generator and a power source are installed, while it is additionally equipped with a worktop with legs and auger, with a loading the hopper is made in the form of a funnel and is connected to the seed treatment chamber, between which a sealing element is installed in the form of a ring, and a screw is fixed inside the seed treatment chamber, while loading -screw hopper, the housing with the generator and the power source are arranged on the table top, and seed treatment chamber to form the diamagnetic pipe with the screw through holes are located under the desktop.

In the installation, the legs are configured to change their height.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 is given a universal installation for presowing seed treatment, General view, section.

In Fig.2 - the same lining with different diameter holes.

The implementation of the invention

A universal plant for pre-sowing seed treatment consists of a loading hopper 1, made in the form of a funnel and connected to the seed treatment chamber 2, made in the form of a cylindrical pipe, between which a sealing element 3 is made, made in the form of a ring, a receiving hopper (not shown) for receiving treated seeds, housing 4, in which a pulse voltage generator 5 and a power source 6 are installed, while the seed treatment chamber 2 is a waveguide-capacitor made in the form of two coaxial cylinders: the outer cylinder 7 and the inner cylinder 8, which are, in turn, plates of the capacitor, and connected to the pulse voltage generator 5, the latter is configured to create an electric field with pulses of the order of 10 ^-9 s and a pulse repetition rate of up to 1000 Hz, and to the surface of the inner cylinder 8, the inner lining of the waveguide-capacitor is fixed an additional screw 9 installed in the seed treatment chamber 2, configured to change the speed of the seeds last, and the frequency is rotated I screw 9 determines the speed controller (not marked) installed on the power source 6, while the installation is also additionally equipped with a countertop 10 with a hole (not marked) and legs 12 installed in it with the help of bushings 11, caps 13 are put on at the ends of the latter for stability installation, and the legs 12 are made with the possibility of changing their height for ease of maintenance, while the loading hopper 1, the housing 4 with a pulse voltage generator 5 and a power source 6 are located on the top of the countertop 10, and the processing chamber 2 seeds in the form of a cylindrical tube with a screw 7 are located under the tabletop 8 through the hole, while the tabletop 10 is additionally equipped with at least two plates 14 with different hole diameters with the possibility of exchange of the hopper 1 connected to the seed treatment chamber 2, depending on seed size, for example, seeds of sunflower, winter wheat, oats, buckwheat, carrots, sugar beets, soybeans and other crops.

Installation for presowing seed treatment is operated as follows.

Pre-assemble the installation for pre-sowing seed treatment by installing in the countertop 10 with the help of bushings 11 legs 12 with caps 13 put on their ends for stability of the installation, then the loading hopper 1, made in the form of a funnel, is installed on top of the countertop 10, after installing the pad 14 , the required diameter of the hole depending on the size of the seeds and through the hole under the tabletop 10 are connected to the seed treatment chamber 2 in the form of a cylindrical pipe and a sealing element 3 is installed between them, filled in the form of a ring that performs reliable compaction, and under the seed treatment chamber 2 there is a receiving hopper for receiving the treated seeds, while the diameters of the holes of the lining 14, loading hopper 1 and seed treatment chamber 2 are the same, then the necessary height is adjusted using the legs 12 , then turn on the power source 6, installed in the housing 4, pour the seeds into the hopper 1, made in the form of a funnel, adjust the speed of the screw 9 using a speed controller, and since the seed processing chamber 2 is presented It is a waveguide-condenser made in the form of two coaxial cylinders: the outer cylinder 7 and the inner cylinder 8, which are in turn the plates of the capacitor, and connected to the pulse voltage generator 5, the latter creates an electric field with pulses of 10 ^-9 s and their frequency following up to 1000 Hz, which reduces the processing time by which the seed is processed during movement in the seed treatment chamber 2, while changing the speed of advancement of seeds inside the seed treatment chamber 2 allows It is possible to receive the treated seed with a different dose of treatment.

In laboratory plants, electromagnetic fields were used to treat seeds of sunflower, winter wheat, barley, oats, buckwheat, carrots, sugar beets, soybeans and other crops with electromagnetic fields in a wide frequency range, while positive results were obtained for germination energy, laboratory and field germination, productivity, drought tolerance , frost resistance, disease resistance. The greatest effect on seed stimulation was obtained when treating seeds with a pulsed electric field (IEP), which manifested itself, to a greater extent, in seeds with reduced sowing qualities. The results of studies of the effect of IEPs with a pulse repetition rate of 20 to 300 Hz on the sowing qualities of seeds of sugar beets, soybeans, carrots are presented in the tables, which show that the germination energy is 15-18%, germination is 19-20% higher than seeds of the control variant that did not undergo IEP treatment. When treating elite and reproductive seeds, pre-sowing treatment of IEPs allows for more friendly seedlings, plants from treated seeds are more resistant to diseases and environmental factors.

The effect of pre-sowing seed treatment of IEP on the germination energy and germination of beet seeds of the Creta variety, depending on the exposure (min) and frequency with a 3-day post-treatment time, are given in Table 1.

Table 1 Frequency (optimal exposure) Germination energy,% Germination, 5 20 Hz (100 min) 80 91 80 Hz (90 min) 83 93 270 Hz (80 min) 87 95 The control 72 76

The effect of pre-sowing seed treatment of IEP on the germination energy and germination of seeds of carrots of the Vitaminovaya variety, depending on the exposure (min) and frequency with a 3-day post-treatment time, is given in Table 2.

table 2 Frequency (optimal exposure) Germination energy,% Germination, 5 21 Hz (90 min) 85 98 110 Hz (45 min) 84 97 270 Hz (10 min) 82 95 The control 67 78

The effect of pre-sowing seed treatment of IEP on the germination energy and germination of soybean seeds of the Vilana variety, depending on the exposure (min) and frequency at a 3-day bedding time, is given in Table 3.

Table 3 Frequency (optimal exposure) Germination energy,% Germination,% 20 Hz (90 min) 71 89 110 Hz (45 min) 70 88 300 Hz (10 min) 72 90 The control 55 70

The invention in comparison with the prototype and other known technical solutions has the following advantages:

- high quality seed treatment;

- high performance;

- simplified design;

- ease of use;

- universality.

Claims (2)

1. A universal installation for pre-sowing seed treatment with an electric field of pulses of nanosecond duration, containing loading and receiving hoppers, a seed treatment chamber in the form of a cylindrical pipe connected to a housing in which a pulse voltage generator and a power source are installed, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a tabletop with legs, auger and at least two plates with holes of different diameters for the countertops with the possibility of their interchangeability, moreover, the loading hopper is made n in the form of a funnel and connected to the seed treatment chamber, between which a sealing element in the form of a ring is installed, while the seed treatment chamber is a waveguide-condenser made in the form of two coaxial cylinders: external and internal, which in turn are capacitor plates and connected to a pulse voltage generator, the latter is configured to create an electric field with pulses of the order of 10 ^-9 s and a pulse repetition rate of up to 1000 Hz, and attached to the surface of the inner cylinder An auger is additionally installed in the seed processing chamber and is configured to change the speed of the seeds, and the speed of the auger is determined by the speed controller installed on the power source, which allows you to adjust the processing time, the loading hopper, the housing with the pulse voltage generator and the power source located at the top the countertop, and the seed treatment chamber in the form of a cylindrical pipe with a screw through the hole is located under the countertop. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the legs are configured to change their height.

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