RU2450531C2 - Method for enhancement of young farm livestock productiveness - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to animal industry. The method involves introduction a biologically active substance represented by arkusit into the ration. Arkusit is dissolved in water and added into fodder once a day: with neonatal calves - in an amount of 8-16 mcg/kg of live weight from the 1^st to the 21^st life day; with neonatal piglets - in an amount of 0.8-2.5 mcg/kg of live weight from the 1^st to the 10^th life day; with weaned piglets - in an amount of 1.3-4 mcg/kg of live weight during 5 days before and after weaning respectively; with pregnant sows - in an amount of 50-125 mcg/kg of live weight during 21 days before farrowing.

EFFECT: method allows to enhance animals performance and liveability.

4 tbl, 4 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to animal husbandry, namely the feeding of young farm animals in the first days and weeks of life, and can be used in veterinary medicine and animal feed industry.

In the practice of animal husbandry, there is a tendency of excessive exposure to the organism of animals of stressful situations associated with poor feeding, keeping or treatment, prophylactic and sanitary measures.

Feed and technological stresses adversely affect both adult animals and their offspring, which is accompanied by a decrease in their immune status, increase in live weight, payment for feed and safety [1, 2]. Stress, regardless of its origin, leads to serious disorders in the body of physiological processes and metabolic reactions, morphological changes in a number of vital internal organs due to the activation of lipid peroxidation (LP) processes, the strength of which is controlled by the accumulation of diene conjugates in the blood, in particular malondialdehyde (MDA) [3, 4]. Diene conjugates easily interact with oxygen to form peroxide radicals, and subsequently hydroperoxides, which are highly reactive and toxic. These toxic products of lipid peroxidation have a destructive effect on various biomolecules and primarily on proteins, nodal fragments of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the respiratory chain, the formation of macroergic compounds of the body - ATP [4, 5].

To prevent stress and increase the immune status of animals, especially young animals, a number of biologically active substances of various nature are used.

1) A known method of increasing the resistance of the body of calves, based on the introduction into the diet of a suspension of Chlorella Vulgaris (patent No. 2258527) [6].

2) A known method for the prevention of immunodeficiency in newborn calves, based on oral administration before feeding water-alcohol tinctures of Echinacea grass and licorice rhizome (patent No. 2349332).

3) There is a method of increasing the level of natural resistance of the body and the productive qualities of young pigs under conditions of increased density of soil contamination with radioactive cesium, based on the use of the biologically active additive “Medium” in animal feeding (patent No. 2271656) [8].

The disadvantage of the above methods of increasing natural resistance is their low efficiency, impact on the safety and productivity and the complete absence of antioxidant properties. In addition, these drugs do not have industrial production in the country, are laborious to manufacture and inaccessible to large and small farms.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed object is a method of preventing technological stress in young cattle, based on the introduction of different doses of ionol into the diet for 5 days before and after exposure to stress factors (No. 2147799) [9].

This method is taken by us as a prototype. And although it is more accessible than the previous methods, at the same time it is not without the drawbacks inherent in other known methods. First of all, it is the weak ability of ionol to increase live weight gain and prevent stress, high recommended doses, which significantly increases the cost of its acquisition.

The purpose of the present invention is to offer a highly effective and cheap way to increase the productivity of young farm animals, available for large livestock complexes, small farms and individual animal owners.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that as a biologically active substance to protect young animals from stress, increase the gain in their live weight and safety, they use the drug arkusit, which is administered orally in the form of an aqueous solution:

- newborn calves 8-16 μg / kg body weight, from the first to 21 days of life;

- newborn piglets 0.8-2.5 μg / kg body weight, from the first to 10 days of life;

- weaning piglets 1.3–4 μg / kg body weight, within 5 days before and 5 days after weaning;

- pregnant sows 50-125 mcg / kg live weight, for 21 days before farrowing.

Arkusite, unlike other drugs, has pronounced antioxidant, stress-protective and adaptogenic properties. In small doses, it inhibits the formation and toxic properties of lipid peroxidation products, preventing their excessive accumulation in tissues. Thus, it protects against destruction of the cell biomembrane, fat-soluble vitamins, sex hormones and enzymes involved in the breakdown of peroxides, creates favorable conditions for the normalization of lipid and other types of metabolism, accelerate growth, increase the productivity and vitality of young farm animals.

The specified preparation compares favorably with all known biologically active substances in that it is readily soluble in water and resistant to both high and low temperatures, easy to dose and is absolutely compatible with any feed, does not have other disadvantages inherent in analogues and prototypes.

For a better understanding of this proposal, we give examples of a specific method of feeding young farm animals and birds, while enriching their diets with arkusite in different doses.

Example 1. Experience on newborn calves. An experimental assessment of the bottom method of increasing the productivity and preservation of calves was carried out in the Sachkovichskoye Municipal Unitary Enterprise (MUP) of the Klimovsky District of the Bryansk Region on four groups of black-motley calves aged 1-60 days, with a live weight of 30-31.5 kg of 10 goals in each. The first group received 6 kg of milk per day - the main diet (OR) [10], the second - OR + arkusite at a dose of 8 μg / kg live weight, the third - OR + arkusite at a dose of 12 μg / kg of live weight and the fourth - OR + arkusitis at a dose of 16 mcg / kg body weight. The duration of administration of arkusitis is 21 days. Observation of the animals lasted 60 days. The results of the experiment are shown in table 1. As can be seen from the data presented, the best results in terms of productivity and feed costs per 1 kg of growth were in calves of the third group, both 21 days old and 60 days old, where arkusite was added to the diet at a dose of 12 μg / kg body weight only in the first 3 weeks of calf life, that is, a positive aftereffect of the drug remains. A decrease or increase in the dose of arkusite leads to a decrease in the average daily gain of calves, and therefore such a decrease or increase is inappropriate. The preservation of calves in all groups was the same - 100%. But in group 1, diarrhea was observed in 3 animals, in group 2 - in one animal.

Table 1 Identification of the optimal dose of arkusite and its effect on the increase in live weight, the safety of calves and feed costs Indicators Age days Groups of animals 1 to 2 3 four Live weight kg one 31,4 30.6 30,0 30,4 Live weight kg 21 42,2 41.5 44.5 39.6 Live weight kg 60 77.9 84.3 92.7 87.0 The gain per experience, kg 46.5 53.7 62.7 56.6 The average daily gain, g - 788.2 910.2 1062.8 959.5 The cost of milk per 1 kg of growth, kg - 7.74 6.70 5.74 6.36 The conservation of calves,% - one hundred one hundred one hundred one hundred

Example 2. The experience on newborn piglets. The optimal dose of arkusite was experimentally determined at Snezhka OJSC in the Bryansk region of the Bryansk region on four groups of newborn piglets of large white breed, 20 animals each, with a live weight of 1.1-1.2 kg. The first group served as a control, and the second, third and fourth - experimental, which from a day old were injected directly into the mouth with a solution of arkusite in a dose of 1, 2 and 3 ml per head or 0.8; 1.7 and 2.5 μg / kg body weight, respectively, for 10 days. The results of the experiment are shown in table 2.

table 2 Identification of the optimal dose of arkusite and its effect on live weight gain and safety of newborn piglets Group Live weight, kg, age, days Daily average gain Preservation,% one 10 g % 1 to 1.19 2,37 118 one hundred 80 2 1.20 2.87 167 141.5 90 3 1.19 3.30 209 177 one hundred four 1.20 3.10 190 161 one hundred

The optimal dose of arkusite, providing the largest increase in live weight and complete safety of piglets in the first days of life, was 2 ml per head or 1.7 μg / kg of live weight. A decrease in the dose of arkusite leads to a decrease in the average daily gain and safety of piglets, and an increase leads to a decrease in the growth, therefore, such changes in the dose of the drug are inappropriate.

Example 3. The experience of piglets, weaners. Experimental studies were carried out in the same farm on four groups of weaned piglets of large white breed, 25 animals each in a group, with a live weight of one head of 14.2-15.5 kg. The piglets of all groups were fed equally, with full-feed compound feed (OR). The first group of animals was control and received only OR, the second - OR + 2 ml of arkusite solution, the third - OR + 4 ml and the fourth - OR + 6 ml of arkusite solution, which was introduced into the feed daily, in the morning, once 5 days before and 5 days after weaning piglets from mothers. The research results are shown in table 3, which indicate that the most pronounced positive effect of arkusite on the growth and preservation of piglets was noted in the 3rd group, where it was injected into the head at a dose of 2.6 μg / kg body weight.

The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the piglets' blood of the experimental groups was 10-31% lower than in the animals of the experimental group (1.13 μmol / l of blood), which indicates the anti-stress properties of arkusite.

Table 3 Identification of the optimal dose of arkusite and its effect on the growth and preservation of piglets under conditions of technological stress Group Live weight kg Live weight gain Preservation,% At the beginning of the experiment At the end of the experiment Gross kg Average daily g % 1 to 14.3 16.8 2.5 250 one hundred 80 2 14.9 17.6 2.7 273 109 90 3 15,2 18.3 3,1 310 124 one hundred four 15,5 18,4 2.9 290 116 one hundred

A decrease or increase in the dose of arkusite leads to a decrease in the growth and preservation of piglets, and therefore such a decrease or increase is impractical.

Example 4. Experiments on sows. Experimental studies to identify optimal doses of arkusite that increase the viability and live weight of newborn piglets were carried out in the same farm on large white breed sows with a live weight of 200-250 kg, the third farrow, at the last stage of gestation, of which, by the principle of analogues, was formed four groups of 5 goals each. Feeding sows of all groups was the same - full feed SKK54 (OR) [10]. The sows of the first group received only OR, the second - OR + arkusite at a dose of 50 μg / kg live weight, the third - OR + arkusite at a dose of 75 μg / kg live weight and the fourth - OR + arkusite at a dose of 125 μg / kg live weight. Arkusite, in the form of an aqueous solution, was administered daily, once a day, starting 21 days before farrowing. The research results are shown in table 4, from the data of which it is seen that the greatest increase in live weight of newborn piglets when fully preserved was noted in the 3rd group, the sows of which were received with feed arcusite at a dose of 75 μg / kg of live weight. A decrease in dose led to a decrease in the growth and preservation of piglets, and an increase to a decrease in only growth, and therefore such a decrease or increase in the dose of arkusite is impractical.

Table 4 Identification of the optimal dose of arkusite for pregnant sows and its effect on the live weight of newborn piglets and their viability (n = 41-50) Group Piglets per 1 s / m, goals Live weight of piglets, aged, days Daily average gain Preservation,% one 21 45 g % 1 to 8.2 1.15 3.70 10,20 206 one hundred 58.6 2 9.0 1.36 4.01 10.84 210 102 90,4 3 8.9 1.80 4.90 12.81 250 121 100.0 four 10.0 1,60 4.73 11.53 225 109 100.0

Thus, the use of arkusite in the diets of young farm animals can increase their live weight gain by 10-35%, their safety by 10-20% compared with the control with the same diet of their feeding. Fast-growing young animals with increased resistance, as a rule, subsequently have high productivity and vitality.

Information sources

1. Golikov A.N. Adaptation of farm animals. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1985 .-- 215 p.

2. Physiology of farm animals. Ed. Golikova A.N. 3rd ed., Revised. and add. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1991 .-- 432 p.

3. Dvinskaya L.N., Nikiforova L.N. Determination of tissue lipid peroxidation // Studying lipid metabolism in agricultural animals. - Borovsk, 1980 .-- P.37-40.

3. Guskov A.M. Physiological, biochemical and technological aspects of increasing the reproductive ability of animals. Abstract. diss. ... Doctor of Biological Sciences - VIZH. - Dubrovitsy. - 1993. - 38 p.

5. Kuznetsov Yu.V. and others. Ambiol - assistant livestock breeders. Science in Russia. - No. 5. - p.16-17.

6. Patent No. 225,527.

7. Patent No. 2349332.

8. Patent No. 2271656.

9. Patent No. 2147799.

10. Toporova L.V. and others. Workshop on feeding animals. - M .: Kolos, 2005, - 358 p.

Claims (1)

A method of increasing the productivity of young farm animals, including the introduction of a biologically active substance into the diet, characterized in that the drug arkusite is used as a biologically active substance, which is diluted in water and added to the food once a day in the following doses and for the following periods:
- for newborn calves - 8-16 μg / kg body weight, from the first to 21 days of life;
- for newborn piglets - 0.8-2.5 μg / kg body weight, from the first to 10 days of life;
- piglets weaning - 1.3-4 μg / kg body weight, for 5 days before and 5 days after weaning piglets;
- to pregnant sows - 50-125 mcg / kg live weight, for 21 days before farrowing.