RU2425294C1 - Thermal gas chemical plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: thermal gas chemical plant including vertical housing the inner volume of which is divided into secondary air supply channel and thermal gas chemical reactor located in upper part of housing and containing at least two horizontally oriented partitions located one above the other with possibility of passage of flue gases from combustion chamber is equipped with two vertically oriented bulkheads and horizontally oriented tray; one of bulkheads is located on the side of rear wall of housing, equipped with holes and conjugated to tray, and the other one is arranged in upper part of housing and attached to side double walls of housing and roof; secondary air supply channel is formed on one side with bottom and horizontally oriented tray, and on the other side with rear double wall of housing and bulkhead; each partition of thermal gas chemical reactor is volumetric and conjugated to bulkheads and has the cavity formed between two plates located with a gap, upper one of which is perforated and interconnected with secondary air supply channel through holes made in bulkhead.

EFFECT: effective heat removal and long combustion process.

6 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to heat engineering and power engineering - to a technique for generating thermal energy and can be used in industry, agriculture, housing and communal services, transport and other areas for autonomous water heating and air heating, as well as hot water supply for residential and industrial premises, buildings and structures: garages, greenhouses, storage facilities, farms, country houses, etc. In addition, the invention can be used as part of technological installations for drying various materials or the disposal of municipal solid waste.

Various modifications of thermal energy generators based on the combustion of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels are known.

In particular, the designs of stoves operating on vegetable fuel are known - firewood, peat briquettes, coal.

A heating device for wood fuel is known, comprising a combustion chamber on which a casing is mounted with inlet and outlet channels spaced apart in height for circulating coolant, and a bundle of vertical smoke tubes communicated by lower ends with a chamber and upper ends with a chimney having movable damper. At the entrances of the smoke tubes, air jets connected to the atmosphere are installed. The nozzle is mounted in a diffuser installed at the inlet of the corresponding smoke tube, and a gas flow swirl is located above the diffuser. The swirler is made in the form of a sleeve with an elliptical bore, determined from the relation d = (0.7-0.8) D, where d is the small axis of the ellipse, and D is the large axis of the ellipse, equal to the inner diameter of the smoke tube. A gas flow swirl is installed in the chimney above the damper. The casing inside is divided in height by parallel horizontal half-walls arranged in a checkerboard pattern. The casing is filled with porous heat-sensitive material, for example, metal shavings (RF patent for utility model No. 201555, IPC: F24H 1/28).

However, this device does not provide high efficiency, effective heat removal, the duration of the combustion process with a single load of fuel. In addition, the design is characterized by complexity, which does not allow cleaning the device during its operation.

A known furnace, consisting of a firebox with a fuel door, a grate located between the firebox and the ash pan, an ash pan, a chimney, an external chimney channel for removing hot flue gases from the firebox to the chimney, which is located above the firebox. The ash pan is equipped with a movable control damper, and the chimney channel is connected to the firebox using a pipe located in the rear of the firebox and is multi-turn, while its cross section has the shape of a quadrangle. The height of the cross section of the chimney channel is 2-20 times its width, and the volume is 0.1-1.5 of the volume of the firebox, while the chimney channel forms a three-walled, open top and on one side, box-shaped container, the entrance of the chimney channel is located on the opposite side from the fuel door, and between the firebox and the chimney channel, slots for air intake are made on three sides (RF patent for the invention No. 2319077, IPC: F24B 7/00).

The known furnace has a rectangular cross section, which negatively affects the efficiency of the design, taking into account the formation of the so-called "dead zones" in which the fuel does not have the ability to completely burn out.

A slow burning catalytic boiler is known, including a housing, a chimney, a firebox with a door, a grate, an ash pan, convector pipes located inside the boiler and placed around the perimeter inside the housing, passing through a partition forming an afterburner in the upper part of the firebox with an afterburner that passes the furnace gases into the afterburner, and the heat transfer chamber. In this case, the afterburning device has two catalytic gratings, in the gap between which are placed at an angle to the horizontal plane and externally closed by petal bimetallic valves, the nozzles for supplying heated secondary air from the vertical secondary air heating channel formed by the firebox door together with the cover with adjusting screws covering the housing section the boiler at the mounting point of the petal bimetallic valves, a chamber is adjacent to the rear of the boiler, which is a continuation of the heat chamber lobo exchange communicated with the chimney and connected to the firebox by the flue channel, over which a bimetallic thermostat is located under the chimney, and convection pipes are configured to form a stream of flue gases in the heat exchange chamber, preventing them from breaking directly into the chimney (RF patent for invention No. 2319909 IPC: F24H 1/46).

However, the known design does not allow to provide a high (not less than 85%) degree of fuel combustion during single-flame combustion in the combustion chamber, and with a lesser degree of primary fuel combustion, the afterburner does not fulfill its function.

Known small-sized household oven containing a vertical housing with a furnace in the lower part and a chimney hole in the upper, as well as a cooking chamber. The furnace is equipped with a horizontally oriented chimney block mounted above the furnace, consisting of a bottom with a recess for the passage of flue gases, a lid and a vertical side wall with flue gas guides, and a chimney collector connected to the chimney opening from the outside, while the bottom of the chimney block forms the furnace vault and the flue gas guides are interfaced with the inner surface of the housing, the lid closes the gap between the walls of the housing and the chimney block (certificate of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 49955 IPC: F24B 1/02).

However, this device has a complex structure that does not allow cleaning the device during its operation. In addition, the device is not characterized by a sufficiently high efficiency, it does not provide effective heat removal and the duration of the combustion process with a single load of fuel.

Closest to the technical nature of the claimed invention is the "Popov Boiler" - equipment for heating water or air coolant. It is used for emergency heating and in heating systems of various sizes for various purposes, for drying lumber, agricultural products, heating greenhouses, hotbeds, steam rooms, baths, saunas and much more. The known device consists of two combustion chambers: the lower chamber — the pyrolysis chamber and the upper chamber — the generator gas afterburner. The boiler is equipped with three regulators: under the door there are small oxidizer pipes (regulate the boiler power by supplying oxygen to the pyrolysis chamber), on the chimney pipe on top of the boiler there is an upper gate (it regulates the economic indicators of the boiler by changing the exhaust gas outlet speed) and an inner gate is located in the front center ( avoids gas-generating gases entering the room). After ignition of the boiler, heating and its subsequent transfer to the operating mode of gas generation, the process of gasification of fuel (very similar to pyrolysis) occurs in the combustion chamber with a lack of oxygen and low temperatures (250-350 ° C). The resulting wood gas, rising to the upper part of the boiler, combines with the oxygen of the air, which is supplied through a system of injectors, ignites and burns in the afterburner, thereby generating a large amount of heat. This heat is transferred through the heat exchange surfaces to the boiler water (http://narod.ru/disk/6911941000/Kotly-Popova.doc.html).

One of the significant structural disadvantages of the known design is the form of the combustion chambers and afterburning. At significant thermal loads, the metal expands linearly, and during cooling, the linear compression occurs, which negatively affects the strength of the structure and contributes to a fairly rapid destruction of the structure.

The task to which the claimed technical solution is directed is to increase the efficiency of the thermogas-chemical plant, increase the possible volume of fuel loading while maintaining overall dimensions and reducing the weight parameters of the structure. The inventive design is technologically advanced in manufacture, has a low metal consumption and resistance to deformation during thermal expansion. It has the effect of shape memory during linear compression and expansion as a result of thermal overloads.

The technical result that can be achieved by using the claimed invention is to provide additional oxidation of flue gases in the process of their removal, effective heat removal and a long burning process on a single fuel load.

The problem is solved in that the thermogasochemical installation, including a vertically oriented housing with a bottom, roof, front, rear and side walls made of double, with a loading hole made on the side of the front wall, and the internal volume of the housing is divided into a combustion chamber, a secondary feed channel air and thermogas chemical reactor located in the upper part of the housing and containing at least two horizontally oriented partitions located one above the other with possibly According to the technical solution, the passage of the flue gases from the combustion chamber is equipped with two vertically oriented bulkheads and a horizontally oriented tray, one of the bulkheads being located on the side of the rear wall of the housing, provided with holes and mating with the tray, and the other is located in the upper part of the housing and is attached to the side double walls of the casing and the roof, the secondary air supply channel is formed on one side by a bottom and a horizontally oriented tray, and on the other side by a rear double with a body shell and a bulkhead, each partition of a thermogas chemical reactor is associated with bulkheads and is made volumetric with a cavity formed between two plates located with a gap, the upper of which is perforated, and communicating with the secondary air supply channel through openings in the bulkhead. Perforations of the upper plate of the partition are made with increasing diameter from the center to the periphery. The loading openings of the combustion chamber are elliptical. The housing of the installation is made in the form of a straight cylinder, the base of which is an ellipse. The unit is equipped with a water jacket circuit located between the double walls of the casing. The thermogas chemical reactor contains two upper and lower horizontally oriented partitions, with the cross-sectional area of the lower partition not exceeding 60%, and the cross-sectional area of the upper partition not exceeding 50% of the cross-sectional area of the combustion chamber, respectively.

The selected form of the case increases the service life. In addition, as a result of studying the nature of the thermal conductivity of flat and curved walls, it was concluded that the change in the temperature of a flat wall is a linear dependence, while the change in temperature of a curved wall is not a linear quantity. Therefore, to prevent thermal deformations, which often occur in similar designs of heat-generating plants, the curved shape of the walls of the casing is chosen. During operation of the device, complete combustion of the fuel is ensured, as a result of which the carbon of the fuel is converted entirely to carbon dioxide, and hydrogen to water (water vapor). Other elements contained in the fuel, when it is completely burned, are converted to the corresponding oxides (for example, CO is oxidized to CO ₂ ). Complete combustion is a technology in which almost all the gases contained in smoke are burned. As a result, the emission of pollutants is minimized, as, however, the possibility of smoke from heated rooms through the open door of the combustion chamber is reduced. In addition, complete combustion leads to a decrease in fuel consumption, since the ash formed as a result of primary combustion does not contain ash (solid carbon). Also, complete combustion limits the process of soot deposition, since no soils are formed in the soot, which significantly reduces the risk of ignition in the exhaust ducts of the device.

The invention is illustrated by the following drawings:

figure 1 presents a schematic representation of the inventive device (General view);

figure 2 schematically shows a front view of a thermogasochemical installation;

figure 3 presents the image of the upper septum forming part of the thermogas chemical reactor;

figure 4 presents the image of the lower septum, forming part of the thermogas chemical reactor;

figure 5 presents a horizontal section of the inventive device along the plane of placement of the upper partition;

figure 6 presents a schematic illustration of the location of the indoor units and installation units.

The positions in the drawings indicate:

1 - housing

2 - combustion chamber,

3 - fuel bookmark window,

4 - shutter,

5 - blew,

6 - grate,

7 - channel for supplying secondary air,

8 - damper that regulates the supply of secondary air,

9 - lower partition,

10 - upper partition,

11 - cavity

12 - perforation

13 - recess,

14 - pipe

15 - door

16 - the contour of the water jacket,

17 - flue gas accumulator,

18 - bulkhead,

19 - slide gate,

20 - blasting valve,

21 - pallet

22 - bulkhead.

According to the method of heat transfer, the claimed device relates to recuperative devices, according to the emissions of exhaust gases - to heat-conducting devices of the condensation type.

The inventive device is an installation capable of providing rapid heating and long-term storage of heat in the room. The installation comprises a vertically oriented housing 1 with windows 3 for organizing fuel bookmarks and adjusting the supply air and exhaust flue gases. The housing 1 is made in a shape close to a cylinder, at the base of which lies an ellipse, which in addition to the functional aerodynamic advantages provides the claimed design with peculiar aesthetic features. The cylindrical form of execution of the housing 1 provides the functional use of the internal volume of the device without the formation of the so-called "dead zones" when placing fuel in which it is not completely burned out. In addition, the selected shape of the housing 1 allows you to avoid deformation of the metal during critical heat loads. The walls of the body and the bottom, as a rule, are made double. Most of the housing is occupied by the combustion chamber 2, in the lower part of which there is a grate 6, which is a metal sheet with symmetrically arranged slots for air penetration. On the roof of the casing is placed a blasting valve 20, which is a hole hermetically sealed with refractory material that is easily detonated. Valve 20 protects the structure from damage in critical situations. The grate 6 and the horizontally oriented tray 21 form a blower 5. The combustion chamber 2 is provided with an air supply window with a grill type 4. The combustion chamber 2 is equipped with two windows for filling the fuel 3, made on the front wall of the housing 1 in the form of round holes placed under each other with hermetically sealed doors 15. The shape of the windows of the fuel filling (round) 3 also prevents destruction during heating and cooling of the installation. The doors are circumferentially sealed with an asbestos cord with fluoroplastic impregnation. The combustion chamber 2 is limited on one side by the front wall of the installation housing 1, and on the other hand, by a bulkhead 18, which separates the internal space of the installation housing into the combustion chamber and the secondary air supply channel. The bulkhead 18 is associated with a horizontally oriented tray 21. The secondary air supply channel 7 is located under the combustion chamber 2 and along the rear wall of the installation housing 1. Thus, the secondary air supply channel 7 occupies a volume limited by the bottom of the installation housing 1, the pallet 21, as well as the rear wall of the housing 1 and the bulkhead 18, respectively, and is divided into two halves in the lower part of the internal vertical partition.

The secondary air supply channel 7 is equipped with a shutter 8, regulating the supply of secondary air. A thermogaschemical reactor is organized in the upper part of the casing, functionally combined with a flue gas removal unit. The thermogasochemical reactor is two horizontally oriented partitions 9 and 10, attached to the bulkhead 18, separating the combustion chamber 2 from the secondary air supply channel 7 and delimited from the space of the combustion chamber 2 by the bulkhead 22, rigidly attached to the side walls of the combustion chamber 2 and the roof. Each partition 9, 10 represents a closed volume with a cavity 11, formed by two metal plates arranged horizontally with a gap relative to each other and sealed by a metal wall, while one sheet (lower) is made continuous and the other (upper) is perforated. This form of execution of partitions (unlike standard, sheet partitions) helps to prevent deformations that inevitably occur during periodic heating and cooling of the device. The cavity 11 of each partition is in communication with the secondary air supply channel 7 through openings made in the bulkhead in the interface zone with the partition. Perforation 12 can be performed uniformly or according to a certain law, determined empirically. For example, the perforation 12 may be a set of holes increasing from the center to the periphery of the diameter. The lower partition 9 is made with a recess 13, which ensures the passage of flue gases from the combustion chamber 2 into the thermogas chemical reactor. The upper partition 10 is also attached to the bulkhead 18 and is located with a gap relative to the bulkhead 22, providing free passage of flue gases up. However, the total area of the gap is less than the area of the recess 13 formed in the lower partition 9 by an amount empirically obtained. Reducing the area of free passage of flue gases is necessary to ensure the possibility of their acceleration when passing through a thermogas chemical reactor. A flue gas accumulator 17 with a discharge pipe 14 and a slide gate valve 19 is placed above the upper partition 10 with partial integration into the housing 1. The heat removal from the device can be provided in various ways using a water or air coolant. When using a water coolant, the installation is equipped with a contour of a water jacket 16, while the walls of the housing 1, which are heat-exchange elements, are made of double sheet material. Water jacket 16 protects the structure from destruction, makes it possible to ensure complete readiness of the installation for operation in a short time.

The inventive device operates as follows.

The installation is placed in a heated room and the fuel is laid through a window. The combustion chamber is filled to the full extent. Firewood, peat briquettes, coal, etc. can be used as fuel. A space is filled with water for organizing the contour of the water jacket. After making sure that there is traction, they kindle firewood with dry wood chips, fine dry wood, and paper. After ignition of the fuel material, the fuel loading windows are sealed and the unit is further serviced by adjusting the flaps of the secondary air supply channel and the slide gate. In the combustion chamber, primary heat removal occurs. After active burning of the fuel, the installation is switched to the mode of slow smoldering by cutting off the supply of atmospheric air through the blower to the grate. When fuel is burned in the combustion chamber, flue gases are formed and accumulate, rising up into the thermogas-chemical reactor through a recess in the lower partition. Secondary air is supplied to the secondary air supply channel through the flaps. At the secondary air supply channel, atmospheric air enters the cavities of the lower and upper partitions of the thermogaschemical reactor along the rear wall of the housing and the bulkhead separating the combustion chamber from the secondary air supply channel through openings made in the bulkhead. Passing through the perforations of the upper plate of the lower partition, the air is mixed with flue gases entering the flue gas removal unit through the recess of the lower partition, carrying out their oxidation. Then the mixture enters through the gap formed by the bulkhead and the upper partition, into the space above the upper partition, where it is mixed with atmospheric air coming from the secondary air supply chamber through the cavity of the upper partition through the perforations made in the upper plate of the upper partition. Next, the mixture enters the flue gas accumulator and is brought out. The gate valve regulates the dynamics of the gas flow, additionally ensuring the fire safety of the installation. As the generator gas is formed and moves toward the outlet, heat exchange with the coolant is carried out.

An example of a specific implementation.

A prototype of the inventive installation with a capacity of up to 100-120 kW was manufactured. The weight of the installation is not more than 320 kg with the following overall dimensions: 1017 * 716 * 1816 mm. The main manufacturing material is St3 steel (for a water jacket) and heat-resistant steel 09G2S. The casing of the installation is double with a gap of 48 mm for organizing a water jacket over the entire installation volume. On the front panel of the installation there are two round fuel loading windows with a diameter of 300 mm, a lattice flap of the combustion chamber, a double flap of the secondary air supply channel. The volume of the combustion chamber is 0.34 m ³ . In the lower part of the combustion chamber there is a grate. The volume of the secondary air supply chamber is 0.12 m ³ . The flue gas removal unit is made of two hollow partitions installed horizontally, and a gas baffle. Each partition is equipped with perforations made on the upper surface of the partition, decreasing from 13 mm to 8 mm in diameter. The distance between the partitions is 220 mm. The installation is equipped with a flue gas accumulator, placed partially embedded in the device.

Due to the placement of the thermogas-chemical reactor in the upper part of the installation case, the volume of the combustion chamber and, accordingly, the one-time volume of fuel loading are increased. The volume required for the placement of the thermogasochemical reactor was obtained empirically and experimentally confirmed.

The inventive design has a higher efficiency compared to the prototype due to the organization of a thermogas chemical reactor, functionally combined with the flue gas removal unit.

Claims (6)

1. Thermogasochemical installation, including a vertically oriented housing with a bottom, roof, front, rear and side walls made of double, with a loading hole made on the side of the front wall, and the internal volume of the housing is divided into a combustion chamber, a secondary air supply channel and a thermogaschemical reactor located in the upper part of the housing and containing at least two horizontally oriented partitions located one above the other with the possibility of passage of flue gases from Combustion burner, characterized in that it is equipped with two vertically oriented bulkheads and a horizontally oriented tray, one of the bulkheads being located on the side of the rear wall of the housing, provided with holes and mating with the pallet, and the other is located in the upper part of the housing and attached to the side double walls housing and roof, the secondary air supply channel is formed on one side by a bottom and horizontally oriented tray, and on the other hand by a rear double wall of the housing and a bulkhead, each over rodka termogazohimicheskogo reactor interfaced with bulkheads and formed with the cavity volume defined between the two plates arranged with a gap, the top of which is perforated and communicating with a secondary air supply conduit through holes in the bulkhead. 2. Thermogasochemical installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the perforations of the upper plate of the partition are made with increasing diameter from the center to the periphery. 3. Thermogasochemical installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the loading holes of the combustion chamber are made elliptical. 4. Thermogasochemical installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing of the installation is made in the form of a straight cylinder, the base of which is an ellipse. 5. Thermogasochemical installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a water jacket circuit located between the double walls of the housing. 6. Thermogasochemical installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermogasochemical reactor contains two: upper and lower horizontally oriented partitions, while the cross-sectional area of the lower partition is not more than 60%, and the cross-sectional area of the upper partition is not more than 50% of the cross-sectional area section of the combustion chamber, respectively.

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