RU163581U1 - HEATING DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A heating device comprising a heat-insulated furnace with a secondary air supply device, directly connected to a chimney connected to a chimney, characterized in that the chimney has a vertical fence, and a gas flow distributor from the furnace is installed inside the chimney through the chimney ducts formed between the walls the specified distributor and the vertical fencing of the duct. 2. The heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical fencing of the gas duct is corrugated. 3. The heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that said distributor is made complete, open at the top, and provided with a valve at the bottom. A heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that said distributor is made in the form of a water boiler having a closed water tank with nozzles and a through channel provided with a valve from the bottom. The heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal insulation of the furnace is made in the form of a vertical fence with thermal insulation. 6. The heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal insulation of the furnace is made in the form of a casing with thermal insulation and holes in its cover. A heating device according to claim 6, characterized in that the holes in the cover of the casing are made directly under the entrance to the said gas ducts of the duct. The heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the secondary air supply device is made in the form of a vertical duct with a lance, the vertical duct directly communicating with the wall of the furnace, and the lance is placed horizontally in the upper zone of the furnace, stretched forward, with the secondary

Description

The technical solution relates to devices for air heating of low-rise buildings and can be used in everyday life and construction using such types of solid fuels as coal and lignite, firewood, pellets, peat, etc.

Known heating device according to the patent of Russian Federation No. 2242679, class. F24B 5/06, 7/02, publ. in BI No. 35 for 2004, containing a housing having side, rear and front walls, a cover, a grate in the bottom, an ash pan and a chimney. In the case along the side walls, the convective pipes crossing at the top intersecting at the top and in the holes on the opposite side walls form a combustion chamber, consisting of a furnace with a door located at the bottom and an upper zone, and tubes for supplying secondary air to the upper zone are installed, moreover, these convective the pipes have open ends communicated with the surrounding air. The upper part of the casing with the front wall is made protruding forward above the firebox door, and in the combustion chamber the firebox and the upper zone form a single space. Along the front and rear walls are hermetically fixed in the cover and, accordingly, in the bottom of the upper part of the casing protruding forward and in its bottom, convective tubes shielding the combustion chamber having open ends communicated with the surrounding air. On the inclined parts of the convective tubes crossing at the top, the lower and upper gas guide shields are installed on top, forming the lower and upper gas ducts with them, respectively. The upper gas guide plates are interconnected, forming a dihedral angle, and the secondary air supply pipes are installed in front of the lower gas ducts, bent towards the air flow in the convective tubes shielding the combustion chamber and fixed to them.

This device has the following disadvantages.

Despite the grate “insulated” by ash, the generator gases released in the smoldering mode, not meeting timely secondary air, which is not supplied to the furnace, but under the lower flues, have time to transfer heat through the heat-exchange surfaces, as a result of which their combustion is episodic (individual flashes) . In addition, the concentration of harmful substances at the output of the device in smoldering mode often exceeds the maximum permissible values (MPC). When forcing the combustion mode (increasing the supply of primary air under the grate), harmful emissions through the chimney decrease to a value lower than the MPC, but at the same time, the temperature of the walls of convection pipes surrounding the furnace can reach or even exceed the scale formation temperature (for pipes from relatively inexpensive VGP steels - up to ≈400 ° С), which significantly reduces the service life of the device. In addition, in forced mode, excess heat can be generated, and the operating time on one tab of fuel is reduced. This will lead to an increased temperature drop in the heated room, creating discomfort.

The closest in technical essence and the combination of essential features is a heating device according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2429421, class. F24B 7/02, publ. 09/20/2011, containing a housing, convective pipes placed therein, a furnace and a secondary air supply device, directly connected to the furnace, which is insulated in the furnace space by a casing with openings having thermal insulation.

The disadvantages of the known heating device are the unreliability of its operation and increased metal consumption associated with the complexity of the design due to the use of a larger number of convective pipes. For the same reason, the design is not technologically advanced, since it requires a large amount of installation and assembly work, including a large number of welds. In addition, the design of the device has an increased fire hazard and does not provide personal safety for the consumer due to the high temperature of the case, which does not allow the device to be installed on wooden partitions and can cause burns. Due to the increased heat radiation and the lack of fencing of the walls of the device during operation, the consumer experiences discomfort, as he cannot stay for long near the device. Due to the unreliability of the device, its average life expectancy is 10 years.

The technical objectives of the proposed solution are to increase the reliability of the device and, as a result, increase its service life, reduce metal consumption and increase manufacturability by simplifying the design of ways to create a modular device and using materials that meet the conditions of long-term operation of the device, while increasing its efficiency by increasing The efficiency of the device by increasing heat transfer, reducing fire hazard, increasing the personal safety of the consumer, creating comfort conditions for him when using the device and expanding its capabilities.

The tasks are solved in that in a heating device containing a heat-insulated furnace with a secondary air supply device, directly connected to the chimney connected to the chimney, according to the technical solution, the chimney has a vertical fence, and inside the chimney a gas flow distributor from the chimney is installed along the chimney ducts formed between the walls of the specified distributor and the vertical fencing of the gas duct.

The specified set of features provides the creation of a modular design of the device, consisting of modules - a furnace, a gas duct with a confuser, a steam trap and a chimney. This simplifies the design. It is easy to assemble and dismantle and easy to operate.

The presence of the specified distributor in the gas duct ensures the location of the gas ducts directly at the walls of the vertical fencing of the duct, where the gas flow from the furnace is directed to. This increases the heat transfer of this fence, increasing the efficiency of the device. These ducts allow you to abandon the use of convection pipes of the prototype, which also simplifies the design, reduces its metal consumption and improves manufacturability. The result is increased reliability of the device and, as a result, its service life.

It is advisable to carry out the vertical fencing of the gas duct corrugated, which will increase its surface by 1.5 times, increasing the heat exchange of the gas duct.

It is also advisable that the specified distributor was made hollow, open at the top, and provided with a valve at the bottom. This makes it possible to clean the chimney through an open valve.

It is advisable to designate the said distributor in the form of a water boiler having a closed water tank with nozzles and a through channel provided with a valve from below. This embodiment of the device allows simultaneously with the direction of the gas stream into the gas ducts of the gas duct to heat water for the needs of the consumer, including for the water heating system of the upper floor of the building and remote premises. Through the through channel of the boiler, the chimney can be cleaned with the valve open. This extends the capabilities of the heating device.

It is advisable to perform thermal insulation of the furnace in the form of a vertical fence with thermal insulation. With this design of the furnace, the gas flow reaches the specified distributor without obstacles and ensures its entry into the gas ducts of the duct with minimal losses, which increases the heat transfer of the vertical fencing of the duct, and therefore increases the efficiency of the device and, as a result, its efficiency.

Thermal insulation of the furnace can be made in the form of a casing with thermal insulation and holes in its cover. This design is preferable when performing the specified distributor in the form of a hot water boiler to ensure uniform heating of water in it without boiling water, which is possible with thermal insulation with a vertical fence that does not have a lid.

In this case, it is advisable to make holes in the cover of the casing directly under the entrance to the aforementioned gas ducts of the gas duct, which makes it possible to concentrate the gas flow and direct it all to these gas ducts. As a result, the heat transfer of the vertical fencing of the flue is enhanced, which also increases the efficiency and, as a result, the efficiency of the device.

It is advisable to make the secondary air supply device in the form of a vertical duct with a lance, while the vertical duct is directly reported by the wall with the furnace, and place the lance horizontally in the upper zone of the furnace, pull forward, with the secondary air leaving the lance to be provided along it.

The selected design of the secondary air supply device and its installation make it possible to create a large heat exchange surface between the furnace and the secondary air, since the wall area of the vertical duct in contact with the furnace can be selected maximum for this design. This creates the conditions for heating the secondary air to a high temperature and supplying it to the furnace already in a preheated state. Hot secondary air meets timely burning generator gases (in the furnace), which also positively affects the oxidation reaction during the combustion of generator gases and thereby allows them to be burned reliably in any mode, ensuring complete combustion of the fuel, which means higher efficiency and lower indicator of harmful substances released into the atmosphere.

The selected form of the tuyere, its horizontal arrangement in the upper zone of the furnace, and the exit of secondary air from the tuyere — along it provide the outlet of secondary air to the upper zone of the furnace, where the generating gases accumulate during the decomposition of the fuel, with a greater coverage of the furnace space than during jet expiration , which is necessary to ensure complete combustion of fuel.

The combination of these features provides an increase in the efficiency of the device, and therefore, the efficiency of its work.

It is advisable that the firebox and gas flues have a vertical external fence with openings for air intake of the heated room and the outlet of heated air, passing at the top into the duct covering the chimney.

The presence of a vertical external fence with the aforementioned openings and a box allows to provide fire safety and personal safety of the consumer, comfortable conditions for his stay in the room, as well as the possibility of heating the premises of the second floor, which expands the capabilities of the heating device.

The vertical external fence and the box are a decorative design of the heating device, can be designed according to the customer's request and made of materials such as brick or natural stone. Other variants of its execution are possible, which also ensure the durability of the device. The estimated service life of such a heating device is more than 20 years.

It is advisable that the vertical external fence was separated from the duct by overlapping with at least one window equipped with a drive gate. This allows you to adjust the flow of heated air entering the upper floor, which provides comfortable conditions for the consumer and on the upper floor, expanding the amount of space heating.

The essence of the technical solution is illustrated by an example of a specific embodiment of the heating device and the drawings of FIG. 1-9, where shown:

- in FIG. 1 is a front view of a heating device with a vertical external fence (hereinafter referred to as the external fence) without its front wall;

- in FIG. 2 is a left view of a heating device with an external fence without its left wall, mounted against the wall of the room;

- in FIG. 3 is a section AA in FIG. 2 without external fence;

- in FIG. 4-section BB in FIG. 3;

- in FIG. 5 is a section BB in FIG. 3 when performing a gas flow distributor in a gas duct in the form of a boiler;

- in FIG. 6 - place I in FIG. 4 on an enlarged scale;

- in FIG. 7 is a view A in FIG. 6;

- in FIG. 8 is a front view of a heating device with an external fence;

- in FIG. 9 is a view B in FIG. 1 without confuser.

The heating device contains a heat-insulated firebox 1 (Fig. 1, 3-5), directly connected to the flue 2, connected to the chimney 3 using the confuser 4 (Fig. 3). The furnace 1 has a furnace door 5 (Fig. 1, 8), and in the hearth 6 there is a grate 7 (Fig. 3, 4), under which an ash pan 8 is located, and a secondary air supply device (pos. Not indicated). The ash pan 8 has a door 9 on which a regulator 10 for supplying primary air is installed (Fig. 1, 8).

The secondary air supply device is made in the form of a vertical duct 11 with a lance 12 (Fig. 3, 4). The vertical duct 11 is directly in communication with the wall of the furnace 1, and the lance 12 is placed horizontally in its upper zone, stretched forward, and the outlet of the secondary air from the lance 12 is provided along it, for example, in the form of a slot nozzle 13 (Fig. 3). In the vertical duct 11, a secondary air supply regulator 14 is provided (FIG. 4).

Thermal insulation of the furnace 1 can be made in the form of a vertical fence 15 of the furnace 1 with thermal insulation 16 (Fig. 2-4) or in the form of a casing (not shown in Fig.) With thermal insulation 16 and holes in its cover. Under 6 fireboxes 1 and furnace door 5 can also have thermal insulation (fireclay or vermiculite). The furnace door 5 has a device 17 of the air curtain (Fig. 1, 2, 8) to protect the glass of the furnace door 5 from soot with a valve 18 (Fig. 4).

The flue 2 has a vertical fence 19 (hereinafter - the fence 19), which is expedient to perform corrugated (Fig. 1-4). Inside the gas duct 2, a gas flow distributor 20 from the furnace 1 is located along the gas ducts 21 of the gas duct 2 (hereinafter, the distributor 20) formed between the walls of the said distributor 20 and the fence 19 (Figs. 3, 4). The specified distributor 20 is made hollow, open at the top, and provided with a valve 22. The specified distributor 20 can be made in the form of a boiler (Fig. 5), having a closed water tank and a through channel 23, equipped with a valve 22 from the bottom. Valve 22 is installed with the ability to rotate 90 ° on the axis 24 (Fig. 3, 4) and hold in a closed or open position by a counterweight 25. The distributor 20 is fixed to the fencing 19 of the duct 2 by a mount 26 (Fig. 3, 4). The boiler has nozzles 27, 28 for water.

When insulating the firebox 1 with the casing, it is advisable to make holes in its lid directly under the entrance to the said gas ducts 21 of the gas duct 2. Rectangular openings made along the edges of the casing lid are preferred.

The confuser 4 is equipped with a gate 29 of the chimney 3, having a drive 30 (Figs. 1-3, 6-8) and a steam trap 31, having a nozzle 32 for supplying water and a nozzle 33 for removing condensate (Fig. 2).

The furnace 1, the gas duct 2 and the confuser 4 have an external fence 34 (Fig. 1, 2, 8), which goes up to the box 35 and has openings 36 for air intake of the heated room and openings 37 for the exit of heated air (Fig. 1, 2 ) The duct 35 covers the chimney 3. The external fence 34 is separated from the duct 35 by a ceiling 38 with at least one window 39 provided with a gate 40 with a drive 41 (Figs. 1, 2, 8, 9).

The handles of the drive 30 of the gate 29 of the chimney 3 and the drive 41 of at least one gate 40 of the ceiling 38 are brought out to the wall of the external fence 34 (Fig. 8).

The heating device operates as follows.

The device is installed on a horizontal platform with the back wall to the wall 42 (external or internal) of the heated room at a distance of 40 ÷ 50 mm between the wall 42 and the gas duct 2. The material of the wall 42 must be fireproof and withstand prolonged exposure to temperatures up to 200 ° C, or protected accordingly (to comply with fire safety requirements). The steam trap 31 is connected to the lower end of the chimney 3, which is made of standardized parts and taken outside the heated room.

Test kindling is as follows.

Paper, wood chips, etc. are placed on the grate 7 of the hearth 6 of the furnace 1 (Fig. 3-5). auxiliary fuel, and on top of it - firewood and coal - the main fuel. Then they are set on fire and the furnace door 5 is closed (Fig. 1). At the beginning of the kindling, the door 9 of the ash pan 8 (Fig. 1) is ajar and the primary air flows freely under the grate 7, providing intensive combustion of fuel (forced operation). The gate 29 of the chimney 3 is completely open. After the ignited main fuel warms up the thermal insulation 16 of the furnace 1 (Fig. 3), the operation of the device is switched to an economical gas-generating mode: ashpit door 9 (Figs. 1, 4) is tightly closed, and the intensity of combustion is regulated by the supply of secondary air by the inlet regulator 14 at the inlet into the vertical duct 11 (Fig. 4) of the secondary air supply device in the absence or minimum supply of primary air using the regulator 10 (Fig. 1) of the ash pan door 9 8. A further decrease in the fuel burning rate (increase in operating time by one th fuel bookmark) is carried out by a gradual closure by the gate 29 of the chimney 3 (Fig. 1).

In the smoldering mode of operation (in the lower part of the furnace 1), when there is a lack of oxidizing agent (air oxygen), solid fuel is gasified - it emits generator gases, which, rising to the upper zone of the furnace 1 (Fig. 3) and having met with the heated secondary air leaving slotted nozzle 13 of the lance 12, ignite and gradually burn out. The design of the vertical duct 11 with a lance 12 and thermal insulation 16 of the fence 15, the hearth 6 and the furnace door 5 of the furnace 1 provide a high temperature for the secondary air and generator gases, which leads to the complete combustion of the latter. Due to the uniform distribution of the heated secondary air in the upper zone of the furnace 1, it is intensively mixed with the generator gases, which ensures a homogeneous combustion and, as a result, the completeness of fuel combustion.

Incandescent flue gases generated as a result of combustion of the generator gases go outside the furnace 1 into the gas duct 2 - an area intended for heat exchange with air of the heated room, directing them to the gas ducts 21 of the gas duct 2 and ensuring close contact of the hot gas with the fence 19 of the gas duct 2 , which increases the efficiency of heat transfer. Having given heat to the fencing 19 and the walls of the confuser 4, the exhaust flue gases are removed through the chimney 3 into the atmosphere.

At a low temperature of the exhaust flue gases, condensate can form, which is removed by gravity through the nozzle 33 (Fig. 2) of the steam trap 31 into a closed container or sewer. To avoid clogging of the steam trap 31, it is periodically washed with water through fittings 32, 33. The washing frequency is established experimentally.

External fencing 34 is performed at the request of the consumer and use the box 35 and the ceiling 38, if heating is provided for the premises of the second floor of the building. The walls of the outer fence 34 and the duct 35 are made of fireproof material and can withstand prolonged exposure to temperatures up to 200 ° C and are located at a distance of 40 ÷ 50 mm from the fence 19 of the duct 2. The air of the heated room enters through the openings 36 for air intake in the walls of the outer fence 34, and heated air exits through openings 37 to exit it.

When using the distributor 20 in the gas duct 2 in the form of a hot water boiler, water is supplied to it through the pipe 27, and heated water is drained through the pipe 28. The heated water of the boiler is used in the hot water supply or water heating system of the building.

To clean the chimney 3, use valve 22 of the distributor 20, and to eliminate soot on the glass of the furnace door 5, use valve 18 of the air curtain device 17, supplying air from the heated room through it.

At least one gate 40 with drive 41 is used to adjust the supply of heated air to the upper floor of the building.

The distributor 20, if necessary, can be removed from the heating device through the furnace door 5 of the furnace 1.

Subsequent starts of the heating device in operation is carried out similarly to trial kindling.

The heating device can be made and used at the request of the consumer with an external fence 34 and box 35 or without them, subject to fire and personal safety.

Claims (10)

1. A heating device comprising a heat-insulated furnace with a secondary air supply device, directly connected to a chimney connected to a chimney, characterized in that the chimney has a vertical fence, and a gas flow distributor from the furnace is installed inside the chimney through the chimney ducts formed between the walls specified distributor and vertical fencing of the flue. 2. The heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical fencing of the gas duct is corrugated. 3. The heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that said distributor is made complete, open at the top, and provided with a valve at the bottom. 4. The heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the said distributor is made in the form of a boiler having a closed water tank with nozzles and a through channel provided with a valve from below. 5. The heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal insulation of the furnace is made in the form of a vertical fence with thermal insulation. 6. The heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal insulation of the furnace is made in the form of a casing with thermal insulation and holes in its cover. 7. The heating device according to claim 6, characterized in that the holes in the cover of the casing are made directly under the entrance to the said ducts of the duct. 8. The heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the secondary air supply device is made in the form of a vertical duct with a lance, the vertical duct directly communicating with the wall of the furnace, and the lance is placed horizontally in the upper zone of the furnace, stretched forward, and the secondary outlet air from the lance provided along it. 9. The heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the furnace and gas duct have a vertical external fence with openings for air intake of the heated room and the outlet of heated air, passing upward into a duct covering a chimney. 10. The heating device according to claim 9, characterized in that the vertical external fence is separated from the duct by overlapping with at least one window provided with a gate with a drive.

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