RU2418922C2 - Universal construction panel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: universal construction panel has the bearing frame of contour, intermediate ribs and shelves at one side, a finishing layer at the other side and curb insulating elements between them. Panel ribs have guides to rest curb insulating elements and the finishing layer fixation with air layer from curb insulating elements.

EFFECT: development of a universal panel used as wall panels, and as ceiling panels with improvement of their technical performance parametres.

3 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction of frame, panel, etc. buildings, more specifically - to the designs of panels of external, internal walls, partitions and ceilings of buildings for various purposes.

Currently, the construction of these buildings from prefabricated, monolithic reinforced concrete, steel has become very widespread. In this case, the best option is the use of prefabricated elements of ceilings and walls (external, internal, partitions), since, ceteris paribus, they have lower costs and installation time. Prefabricated panel production has now fallen sharply for various reasons. The main thing is that the changed requirements for them (heat and sound insulation, placement of communications, etc.) lead to an increase in the thickness of the panels, which is impossible from the point of view of using the old mold park.

Known single-layer and three-layer wall panels with effective insulation between two layers of reinforced concrete (Yu.A. Dykhovichny, V. A. Maksimenko “Precast reinforced concrete unified frame”, M., SI, 1985, pp. 132-155), used in quality of walls and partitions. Common drawbacks of these designs are their low insulating ability (which is why regulatory requirements were tightened), the large net weight of products due to irrational static work, and the difficulty of laying communications for engineering networks in them due to their small thickness.

Significantly greater variety are the structures of the floors of buildings for various purposes. These are prefabricated reinforced concrete floors (panels with voids, solid, ribbed, etc.), prefabricated-monolithic systems, monolithic and combined structures and much more (Kozak Yu. “Structures of high-rise buildings”, M., SI, 1986, p. 161-204). However, in general, the manufacture of these panels and the device of them overlapping is characterized by high complexity and material consumption. In addition, they are also not suitable for laying communications.

Closest to the technical nature of the proposed solution is a floor slab containing a supporting frame made of contour and intermediate elements, reinforcing bars fixed to the supporting frame on both sides and coated with concrete layers, formwork-insulating elements located between the elements of the supporting frame (RF patent No. 2054099 “Overlap”, author - Shogenov S.Kh., bull. No. 4, 02/10/1996).

With the obvious advantages of this panel design, we note the following disadvantages. If the contour and intermediate elements are made of steel, then its specific consumption will increase (including due to the need to ensure the joint work of steel and concrete). Formwork and insulation elements are not suitable for placement in their thickness of serious communications (ducts, etc.) for ventilation, heating, etc. During operation of the structure, access to the panel is not possible without the destruction of one of the concrete layers. Using such a panel as a wall is extremely irrational, since it is designed as a floor panel. For example, it is impossible to provide in this design an air gap between the formwork and insulating elements and the outer layer, etc. For the installation of one of the concrete layers, a 180 ° flip of the panel is necessary, which complicates its manufacture.

The aim of the invention is the development of a universal panel used both as a wall panel (external, internal, partitions), and as a floor panel, in the construction of which the noted drawbacks are eliminated while improving the consumption of materials, the complexity of manufacturing, installation.

This goal is achieved in that the universal building panel has a supporting frame of contour and intermediate ribs and shelves on the one hand, a finishing layer on the other hand and formwork-insulating elements between them, and the edges of the panels have guides for supporting formwork-insulating elements and fasten the finishing layer with an air gap from formwork and insulating elements. The guides are a combined structure (multilayer, hollow, etc.), combining rigid and insulating elements and serve to fix the reinforcement of the panel ribs, protect the ribs from exposure to external temperature, noise, etc. and perception of the load from the dead weight of concrete to its hardening.

Formwork and insulation elements are independent structures with the necessary channels, cavities, elements for utility networks, devices for fixing the reinforcement of the supporting frame and have the necessary rigidity for forming the panel.

The given set of essential features is not described in the literature. The novelty of the solution lies in the fact that the guide ribs are multifunctional combined structures (multilayer, hollow, etc.), combining rigid and insulating elements and having the necessary strength and insulating ability for:

1) supporting the formwork-insulating elements (OIE);

2) fastenings of a finishing layer with an air gap from FIE;

3) fixing the reinforcement of the ribs of the panel;

4) protect the edges of the panel from temperature, noise, etc .;

5) the perception of the load from the weight of concrete, reinforcement, FPS to the curing of concrete;

6) ensuring the design dimensions of the panel as a whole and of the individual elements among themselves.

Formwork-insulating elements are also combined structures with a hollow supporting box filled with insulating material. The necessary channels, cavities and other devices for the engineering equipment of buildings (ventilation, heating, electrical elements, etc.) are located inside the FIE.

OIE provide:

1) the geometric parameters of the panel during its manufacture;

2) the necessary heat and sound insulation of the panel;

3) placement within itself of elements of engineering equipment of buildings;

4) the perception of the load from the weight of the concrete shelves of the panel to the set of concrete strength.

All this together allows you to use a universal panel as an element of overlap, and as a panel of an external wall, and as a panel of an internal wall or partition. The proposed design for the first time, in our opinion, makes it possible to comprehensively industrialize the manufacture of panels for various buildings and structures. In this regard, it can be argued that the proposed solution meets the eligibility criteria presented to the objects of the invention.

Figure 1-8 shows a schematic version of the proposed design.

The universal building panel includes a supporting frame of contour 1, intermediate ribs 2 and shelf 3 on one side, a finishing layer 4 on the other side and shuttering and insulating elements 5 between them. The guides 6 are the supports of the FIE and the finishing layer 4 and provide an air gap 7 between them (to the thickness of the guides 6). OIE 5 are an independent design with channels 8, cavities, etc. for utilities and known devices for fixing panel reinforcement (not shown). In the simplest case, OIE 5 is, for example, a honeycomb structure with side and end edges made of wood (plywood, fiberboard, etc.), internal ribs and lining made of fiberboard (cardboard, etc.), filling the entire element with insulating material 9. Even in this design, the OIE 5 has the rigidity necessary for fastening the panel reinforcement, laying the channels 8 and forming the panel. The insulating material 9 can be any - rigid, semi-rigid, soft, filler (penoizol, mineral wool, polystyrene, etc.).

The guides 6 are a multilayer structure consisting of rigid (for example, plywood, wood) and insulating layers (for example, cork, rubber, etc.). They can also be hollow with cavity filling with insulation, etc.

Universal panel is made as follows.

The frame of the guides 6 and the finishing layer 4 attached to them is laid down with the finishing layer. Ready OIE 5 are laid on the guides, fastened to them and then the entire panel reinforcement is installed, fastening it to the guides 6 and OIE 5 in the design position. After that, removable boards are installed and the panel is poured with concrete. As soon as concrete gains the necessary strength, the sides are removed. In the future, the panel is subjected to final refinement (installation of windows, doors, sealing joints, decoration, painting, etc.) and it is ready to be sent to the consumer. Depending on the conditions and requirements, some operations may have a different sequence. For example, the finishing layer 4 may be last attached to the panel. Similarly, first you can attach the reinforcement of the edges of the panel to the guides, and then install the FIE, etc.

The proposed universal panel can be used both as a wall panel (external, internal, partition panel), and as a floor panel. If this is the panel of the external wall, then in the design position it is located with the ribs outward, the finishing layer is a facade finish and together with the air gap creates a ventilated facade. When using a universal panel as a floor panel, its design position is with its edges facing down, and then the finishing layer is a suspended ceiling, and the panel shelf is the floor of the corresponding floor. The air gap can also be used as a space for communications. When using the universal panel as an internal wall or partition panel, the position of the ribs can be any.

An important advantage of the proposed design is the ability to change the panel thickness over a wide range (from 100 mm to 350 mm and above). The total thickness of the panel is determined by the thickness of the formwork and insulating elements, and changing them only increases the required bead height without changing the design of the panel in principle. For example, for the middle strip of Russia, when using penoizol as a heater, the thickness of the formwork-insulating element according to the heat engineering calculation will be no more than 150 mm. With a shelf thickness of 40 mm, a guide rail of 40 mm and a finishing layer (facade - porcelain tile) of 10 mm, we have a total panel thickness (with a margin) of 250 mm, which is significantly less than the known solutions

At the same time, the metal consumption and the complexity of manufacturing the panel are 30 and 50% less, respectively, and the installation speed is 35% higher compared to the known solutions.

Claims (3)

1. A universal building panel having a supporting frame of contour, intermediate ribs and shelves on one side, a finishing layer on the other side and formwork-insulating elements between them, characterized in that the ribs of the panels have guides for supporting the formwork-insulating elements and fixing the finishing layer with an air gap from formwork and insulating elements. 2. The universal building panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the guides are made in the form of a combined structure - multilayer with a combination of rigid and insulating layers, or hollow, the cavities of which are filled with insulating material and serve to fix the reinforcement of the ribs. 3. The universal building panel according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the formwork-insulating elements are an independent structure made in the form of a hollow element with an internal wood frame, side, end ribs and fiberboard lining, with the filling of everything element insulating material, equipped with channels and cavities for engineering equipment of buildings, devices for fixing reinforcement, while these elements have the stiffness necessary for fastening the reinforcement of the panel and its forms and.

Images