RU2538573C1 - Method of prefabricated building construction - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: wall panels and flooring panels are made at factory completely out of unified waterproof oriented strand boards or waterproof plywood interconnected by glue and bolt screws, and polyurethane or polystyrene foam, preferably placed into the panel cavities by spraying, thus ensuring strong connection of panels with filler and high heat insulation characteristics in the joints between panels as well. Panels are attached to each other along profiled butts by glue and bolt screws as well, thus providing strength to the building structure. Building construction involves flooring and wall assembly from indexed panels stage by stage in design mode.

EFFECT: installation of metal sleeves with padding discs on screw piles allows for highly precise levelling of basement surface.

3 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the construction, namely the construction of buildings from multilayer panels, and can be used in panel housing construction.

A known method of building a building from finished panels (patent application RU 2012106792, E04B 1/10, published on 08.27.2013), in which typical panels are made with the given parameters: solid walls, wall with door and window openings, floor, ceiling, for the roof. The panels contain a frame of glued wooden beams, having a spike-groove joint profile and an inner lining around the panel perimeter. A building box is erected on a pre-prepared foundation, while the panels are connected to each other by means of a rigid bolt connection, the cavities inside the frame panels are filled with heat-insulating material, preferably cellulose wool, and the external panel sheathing is installed.

This method allows you to build buildings in a short time. The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of the installation design, it requires a large number of manual operations, which does not significantly reduce the construction time.

A known method of mounting structures from multilayer building panels (patent RU 2346125, E04H 1/02, publ. 02/10/2009), in which a strapping loop of wooden beams is attached to the foundation with anchor bolts, grooves are formed on the ends of the wall panels, wall panels are installed so so that the groove is worn on the beam of the strapping loop, the panels are connected to each other, starting from the corner of the structure, for which the second corner panel is connected at right angles to the first panel, and the structure is mounted by connecting the panels in series. The panels are fastened together by the upper strapping beam. The panels are made of porous materials of polyurethane foam or expanded polystyrene, lined with plates of oriented chipboard.

This method allows you to build buildings in a short time. The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of the installation design, it requires a large number of manual operations, which does not significantly reduce the construction time.

A known method of building a building using corner panels (patent RU 2457298, E04B 1/10, E04B 1/04, publ. 02/27/2012), adopted as a prototype in which panels are made, including corner. The panels are made of wood by combining several successive layers made of wood with an alternating orientation perpendicular to adjacent layers, thereby giving the panels the desired mechanical properties. The panels perform door and window openings. The side profiles of each panel contain protrusions for coordinated connection with adjacent panels. A horizontal base is prepared and a plurality of panels are attached vertically to it. The installation of the panels begins with the marking of the position of the panels on the base, then the mounting fixtures are installed in the form of corners, then the corner panels are installed, and then the remaining panels are installed between them. The panels are attached to the mounting corners and to each other using self-tapping screws.

This method allows you to build buildings in a short time. The disadvantage of this method is the difficulty of mounting the structure, while also requiring a large number of manual operations, which does not significantly reduce the construction time. In addition, the installation of flat panels after installing the corner panels requires a very high marking accuracy, and with a slight violation of accuracy can lead to cracks. In this case, the side profiles of the panels are made of wooden timber, which is subject to deformation from moisture, which creates the prerequisites for the appearance of cracks in the joints of the panels.

The present invention is aimed at solving the problem of creating technologies to reduce the construction time of low-cost housing with high thermal protection and comfort.

The technical result of the invention is to develop a method for manufacturing multilayer building panels and building from them according to the principle of a designer of comfortable housing with a construction period of a single building no more than three days.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that they form wall panels (preferably with dimensions of 1250 × 2500 × 174 ± 50 mm) of three types each of two unified (preferably with dimensions of 1250 × 2500 × 12 mm) oriented strands of moisture-resistant boards or of moisture-proof plywood, the production of which has been mastered at many enterprises in Russia and abroad. The space between the plates is filled with foamed polyurethane or polystyrene. Between the plates at the edges they are attached with glue and box screws, which are made of oriented oriented moisture-resistant chipboard plates or moisture-proof plywood, which are connected together by glue and screws. The boxes are pre-filled with foamed polyurethane or polystyrene, while the boxes on the short sides of the panels are made of rectangular cross-section, to which the plates are attached, protruding at the edges by 2-3 cm, and on the long sides - L-shaped or rectangular. For the first type of panel, the boxes of the L-shaped section on the long sides are performed by protrusions in a coordinated manner, for the second type, counterclockwise, for the third type, a box of rectangular section is made on one side, and on the other side is a L-shaped section. Floor panels (preferably with dimensions of 1250 × 3750 × 174 ± 50 mm) are made of two types of two unified (preferably with dimensions of 1250 × 3750 × 15 mm) oriented particle boards or from moisture-proof plywood boards. The space between the two-layer plates is filled with foamed polyurethane or polystyrene. Between the plates at the edges they are attached with glue and box screws, which are made of oriented oriented moisture-resistant chipboard plates or moisture-proof plywood, which are connected together by glue and screws. The boxes are pre-filled with foamed polyurethane, while the boxes on the short sides of the panels are rectangular, and on the long sides - L-shaped or rectangular. For the first type of panels of the box of the L-shaped section, the protrusions are coordinated along the long sides, for the second type, the box of the rectangular section is made on one side and the L-shaped section on the other. Lay the floor panels horizontally on the prepared foundation, attach them to each other along the L-shaped protrusions and to the foundation with glue and screws. Wall panels are vertically mounted on the floor panel, which are fastened to each other along the L-shaped protrusions and to the floor panels along the protruding edges with glue and screws. Lay the ceiling panels on the wall panels, attach them to each other along the L-shaped protrusions and to the wall panels along the protruding edges with glue and screws. Attic panels are installed on the ceiling panels, on which longitudinal logs are flush-mounted, to which roof panels are attached. At least two cables are pulled over the ceiling panels, which are attached to the foundation on both sides of the house.

To simplify the manufacture of panels, the space between the panels of the panels and the plates of the boxes is filled by spraying polyurethane foam or expanded polystyrene.

If the foundation is made on metal screw piles, in order to ensure horizontalness of the entire surface of the foundation, metal cups with gasket washers are installed on the upper parts of the screw piles, metal strips are attached to the bottom of the pile to which wooden bars of the foundation strapping loop are attached.

In the proposed method, wall panels and floor panels are made entirely of unified oriented particle boards or plywood, interconnected by glue and screws, and polyurethane foam or polystyrene foam, preferably placed in the cavity of the panels by spraying, which creates a strong connection of the plates with the filler and high thermal protection, including in the joints between the panels. The panels are also fastened together with glue and screws, which creates a solid building structure. Installation on screw piles of metal glasses with spacer washers allows you to level the surface of the foundation with high accuracy.

Differences from the prototype prove the novelty of the claimed technical solution, as described in the claims.

The new approach makes it possible to produce multilayer panels completely from unified oriented particle boards, interconnected by glue and screws, and polyurethane or polystyrene foam, preferably placed in the cavity of the panels by spraying, which allows the formation of typical panels that are interconnected by identical profiles with glue and screws That allows you to implement the principle of the designer during the construction of the building and significantly reduce the time of construction of the building. This confirms the compliance of the method with the condition of patentability "industrial applicability".

From the prior art, the distinctive essential features of the claimed method, described in paragraphs 1-3 of the claims, are unknown, which confirms their compliance with the patentability condition "inventive step".

The method is illustrated by drawings, where:

figure 1.a shows a panel of unified oriented particle boards and foamed polyurethane with protrusions arranged in concert;

figure 1b shows a panel with protrusions located in the opposite direction;

figure 1.c shows a panel with a protrusion located on one side;

figure 2.a shows a wall outer panel with upper and lower plates for mounting;

figure 2b shows a wall partition panel with upper and lower plates for fastening;

figure 3 shows a wall partition panel with upper, lower and side plates for mounting;

figure 4.a shows a panel with a window opening;

figure 4.b shows a panel with a doorway;

figure 5 shows a diagram of the connection of the panels in the construction of a residential building (section along aa of the diagram in figure 6);

in Fig.6 shows a diagram of the connection of the panels from the side of the facade of the building in Fig.5 (without vestibule);

Fig. 7.a shows a diagram of the angular connection of the upper and side ducts of the panel with the highlighting in bold lines of the upper duct;

on Fig.7b shows a diagram of the angular connection of the upper and side ducts of the panel with the highlighting in bold lines of the side duct;

on Fig shows a diagram of the connection of the panels and the cross-section of the side ducts (section BB in Fig.6);

figure 9 shows the pile support of the foundation;

figure 10 shows a fragment of the foundation;

Figure 11 shows the strapping loop 12 of the foundation 7 of the bars 19.

In figure 1.a, on the panel of the first type 1, the protrusions 4 are arranged in a coordinated manner.

In Fig.1.b, on the panel of the second type 2, the protrusions 4 are arranged in the opposite direction.

In Fig.1.c on the panel of the third type 3, the protrusions 4 are located on one side.

In Fig.2.a, on the panels of the first 1 and second 2 types, plates 5 are fixed in the upper and lower parts of the panel with protrusions on one side of the panel.

In Fig.2.b, on the panels of the first 1 and second 2 types, plates 5 are fixed in the upper and lower parts of the panel with protrusions on both sides of the panel.

In Fig. 3, on panels of the third type 3, plates 5 are fixed in the upper and lower parts of the panel and plates 6 with protrusions on two sides of the panel.

In Fig.4.a in the wall panels 1, 2 perform a window opening 17.

In Fig.4.b in the wall panels 1, 2 perform a doorway 18.

In Fig. 5, the panels of the first 1, second 2, and third 3 types are connected by protrusions 4 into the walls of the building and partitions inside the building.

6, wall panels 1, 2, 3 are installed on floor panels 1 and 3, which are previously laid on the prepared foundation 7. On the wall panels, ceiling panels 1, 3 are laid.

In Fig. 7.a, in the corner junction of the box ducts, the top duct of the panel 8 (marked in bold lines) is located on the side duct 9 with approaching part of it. In the same way, the connection is made in the remaining corners of the panel.

In Fig. 7b, in the angular connection of the panel ducts, the upper duct of the panel 8 is located on the lateral L-shaped duct 9 (marked in bold lines) with approaching part of it.

In Fig. 8, the panels 1 are connected by a shift to each other along the protrusions 4. The L-shaped duct 9 of the panel is formed from the plates 10 of the oriented chipboard. The internal cavity of the panel and the duct is filled with foamed polyurethane 11.

In Fig. 9, a metal cup 14 is put on the top of the screw pile 13. Gasket washers 15 are placed between the pile and the cup. A plate 16 is attached to the top of the cup 14 to which the foundation beam is attached.

In Fig.10, glasses 14 are mounted on piles 13, to the plates 16 of which a foundation beam 19 is attached. Floor slabs 1, 3 are laid on the foundation bars.

11, the foundation strapping 12 is formed on screw piles 13 from wooden beams 19.

The implementation of the method.

Previously, in workshop conditions, from the unified (preferably 1250 * 2500 * 12 mm) oriented particle boards or moisture-proof plywood, three types of panels 1, 2 and 3 are made (Fig. 1.a, 1.b, 1.c)), differing in location L-shaped protrusions and the presence of window and doorways (Fig.4.a, 4.b). The panels produce each for its place in the building structure, so all panels are carefully numbered. In the manufacture of panels, first, boxes of a rectangular 8 and L-shaped section 9 are formed from plates 10 of an oriented chipboard or moisture-proof plywood (Fig. 8), connecting the plates together with glue and screws, fill the cavities in the boxes with foamed polyurethane (about glue, Internet resource http://www.thermopanel-m.ru/benefits/info/glue-for-panels/). Then, a frame is formed from boxes of rectangular section 8 (Fig. 7.a) and a L-shaped section (Fig. 7.b, Fig. 8). Attach the plate to the frame with glue and screws on one side and fill the cavity with foamed polyurethane. Attach the plate on the other side. Filling can be done both with foam sheets, connecting it with plates and boxes with glue, and spraying foamed polyurethane (http://www.uztk.ru/teplo_gidro_izolyuaciya/teplo_izolyaciya/teplo_izolyaciya_na pilenie /). On the panels of the first 1 and second 2 types, plates 5 of an oriented particle board or moisture-resistant plywood, with a protrusion of 2-3 cm (fig.2.a, 2.b) are attached to the upper and lower sides, on the panels of the third type 3 they are attached and to the side of the plate 6 from an oriented chipboard or moisture resistant plywood, with protrusions of 2-3 cm (figure 3). Window 17 (Fig. 4.a) and doorways 18 (Fig. 4.b) are formed on several panels into which window and door hardware (frames, jambs, fasteners, etc.) are installed.

At the construction site of the house, metal screw piles 13 are installed (Fig. 9), which are carefully leveled with the help of glasses 14 and gasket washers 15. Wooden bars 19 are attached to the plates 16 of the glasses 14 and form the foundation strapping (Fig. 10, 11). On the strapping loop of the foundation 12, floor panels 1, 3 are laid, which are attached to the bars 19 of the foundation in a known manner, for example using corner fasteners on screws. Floor panels are either of uniform size, i.e. for the proposed option (1250 ∗ 2500 ∗ 174 ± 50 mm), the panel is laid on the foundation, where the bars are placed so that the panel rests on three beams - two at the ends of the panel and one in the middle, or a special size (1250 ∗ 3750 ∗ 174 ± 50 mm) on the foundation of FIG. 11. Multilayer panels made of two sheets of oriented chipboard and foamed polyurethane of the indicated sizes can withstand a load of more than 2000 kg / m ² (http://www.pirat007.ru/buildings/articles/5838).

Wall and partition panels (1, 2 3, 17, 18) are installed on the laid flooring panels, which are additionally attached to the floor panels with screws on the projections 5. It is advisable to start the assembly by installing two panels (1 and 2) in the corner of the building or wall panel 1 and the partition panel 3 perpendicular to it on the side 6. The next wall and partition panels are joined with the panels fixed on the protrusions 4 and fixed with glue and screws, then the wall and partition panels are also fixed with glue and screws and along the protrusions 5 to the floor panels.

On the installed wall and partition panels, ceiling panels are laid, which can be made of plates of special manufacture, in this case with dimensions (1250 * 3750 * 15 mm). Wall panels are attached to the ceiling panels with glue and screws along the protrusions 5. At least the spirit of the cables is stretched over the ceiling panels, they are attached to the foundation on both sides of the house.

Attic ceiling panels can be installed using the proposed technology, on which sandwich panels of a known construction roof can be laid (lined with profiled metal sheet on the outside and metal sheet or oriented chipboard on the inside. Http: / /www.thermopanel-m.ru/benefits/info/roof-sandwich-panels/).

All panels, both wall and floor, can be prefaced in workshop conditions on the outside and inside with appropriate coatings.

After mounting and securing all panels, windows are installed and doors are hung on mounting hardware installed previously in the workshop. Fail electricity and communications. Install the equipment of the bathroom and kitchen. Heating can be performed both water (boiler, pipes, radiators), and electric (underfloor heating). The wiring of electrical and information circuits can be carried out both on external plastic boxes, and on boxes laid previously in wall panels.

The proposed method allows you to quickly, efficiently and inexpensively erect residential buildings with a high degree of thermal protection and comfort. A team of two or three people, having a small crane installation, will assemble in the design mode the building of the proposed design in 2-3 days.

Claims (3)

1. A method of constructing a prefabricated building in which panels are formed in the factory, including wall panels with integrated windows and doors, floor panels, attic panels, roof panels, prepare the foundation, install the panels on the foundation, characterized in that they form the wall panels (preferably with dimensions of 1250 × 2500 × 174 ± 50 mm) of the three types of two unified (preferably with dimensions of 1250 × 2500 × 12 mm) oriented strands of moisture-resistant boards or of boards of moisture-proof plywood, the space between which they are filled with foamed polyurethane or polystyrene, between which they are attached with glue and screws to the boxes on the edges, which are made of oriented chipboard moisture-resistant plates or moisture-proof plywood, which are joined together by glue and screws, and which are pre-filled with foamed polyurethane or polystyrene, while the boxes on the short sides of the panels perform a rectangular cross-section, to which are attached plates protruding at the edges by 2-3 cm, and on the long sides - a L-shaped or rectangular cross-section in this case, for the first type of panels of the box of the L-shaped section on the long sides they are set in protrusions, for the second type - counter, for the third type of installed on the one side of the box of rectangular cross section, on the other side of the L-shaped section, and floor panels (preferably with dimensions of 1250 × 3750 × 174 ± 50 mm) of two types of unified (preferably with dimensions of 1250 × 3750 × 15 mm) oriented chipboard moisture-resistant boards or from boards of moisture-proof plywood, the space between which is filled with foamed polyurethane or and polystyrene, between which at the edges they are attached with glue and screws of the box, which are made of oriented chipboard moisture-resistant plates or moisture-proof plywood, which are joined together by glue and screws, and which are pre-filled with foamed polyurethane or polystyrene, while the box is on the short sides of the panels perform a rectangular section, and on the long sides - L-shaped or rectangular section, while for the first type of panels of the box of the L-shaped section on the long sides set in steps, in a coordinated manner, for the second type - a rectangular box is installed on one side, a L-shaped section on the other, floor panels are laid horizontally on the prepared foundation, they are attached to each other along the L-shaped protrusions and to the foundation with glue and screws, installed on the floor panel vertically wall panels that attach to each other along the L-shaped protrusions and to the floor panels along the protruding edges with glue and screws, lay the ceiling panels on wall panels, attach them to each other along L-shaped protrusions and to wall panels along the protruding edges with glue and screws, install attic panels on the ceiling panels, onto which longitudinal logs are flush-mounted, to which roof panels are attached, stretch over the ceiling panels overlapping at least two cables that are attached to the foundation on both sides of the house. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the space between the panels of the panels and the plates of the boxes is filled by spraying polyurethane foam or expanded polystyrene. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the foundation is performed on metal screw piles, metal cups are installed with spacer washers on the upper parts of the screw piles, to the bottom of which metal strips are attached, to which wooden bars of the foundation strapping loop are attached.

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