RU2417953C2 - Method of mineralising drinking water from distillate - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the technology of obtaining drinking water by mineralising distillate. In order to implement the method, magnesium sulphate, potassium sulphate, zinc sulphate and manganese sulphate are first dissolved separately in a small amount of distillate. The given amount of distillate is then poured into a container, after which the prepared solutions of magnesium sulphate, potassium sulphate, zinc sulphate and manganese sulphate are then successively added while stirring slowly. The mineralised water prepared that way is then stirred, held for 1.5-2.0 hours and then poured into the required container.

EFFECT: method enables to obtain mineralised drinking water of higher quality by balancing the necessary macro- and microelements.

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Description

The invention relates to a technology for producing drinking water by mineralization of the distillate.

A method of water treatment aimed at reducing the total salinity is called desalination. Distinguish between full and partial desalination of water. With complete desalination, the achieved residual salinity is tenths or hundredths of a milligram per 1 liter of water. If only basic ions are removed from the water to reduce the total salt content, then such desalination is called partial. Desalination of sea or fresh water for the subsequent production of drinking water is one of the options for partial desalination. The most applicable at present is the partial desalination method using reverse osmosis plants. The relevance of obtaining mineralized water from a distillate with a given amount of salts is explained by the so-called "insufficiency diseases", which are associated with chronic shortage of macro- and microelements. For example, micronutrient deficiency leads to anemia, which is especially susceptible to children and women. There are also other diseases associated with "micronutrient hunger." In the food that people eat at present, there are essentially no micro and macro elements. Therefore, one of the ways to replenish these elements is the method of partial desalination.

A known method of producing drinking water from a distillate (USSR Author's Certificate No. 407840. Cl. C02F 1/68. 1973), comprising mixing desalinated sea water with a mineralizing additive, which is used as a clarified waste brine in an amount of 1-2% of the total volume of drinking water received.

A common feature of the analogue and the claimed invention is the mixing of a distillate with a mineralizing additive. This method slightly improves the taste of water, simplifies the technological scheme for producing drinking water, but has a significant drawback - drinking water contains mainly only chlorine and sodium ions, and even a large amount, and these elements already in large quantities enter the body with food. And if the taste qualities of such water can be quite acceptable, then according to physiological indicators, it contributes to the accumulation of sodium ions in the blood, which leads to edema and an increase in blood pressure.

There is also another method of mineralization of desalinated water to give it consumer qualities (USSR Author's Certificate No. 464535, class C02F 1/68, 1975), which uses natural salt water, such as sea water, as a mineralizing additive. In accordance with this method, desalinated water is filled with mineral substances from natural salt water, whose ions pass through ion-exchange membranes, which to some extent reduces the hardness of the water obtained, but, as in the previous method, leaves a lot of chlorine and sodium ions in the water.

In this case, common with the claimed invention is that desalinated water is mineralized, but this method, like the previous one and for the same reasons, cannot produce optimal drinking water, which would contribute to maintaining human health.

Also known is such a method of mineralization of desalinated water (USSR Author's Certificate No. 715493, class C02F 1/16, 1980), when carbon dioxide is introduced into desalinated water to produce drinking water and then carbon dioxide enriched water is passed through limestone-limestone (calcium carbon dioxide) with grain sizes of 0.3-1 mm.

In common with the claimed invention is that desalinated water is mineralized, but neither the method of mineralization nor the salt composition of the water obtained coincides with the proposed one. According to this method, water is mineralized mainly by calcium bicarbonate and therefore, water contains a lot of calcium ions (more than 100 mg / l). It turns out very hard water, which dramatically worsens all health indicators.

Studies of natural waters in those geographical areas where there are relatively many centenarians (Abkhazia, Dagestan, Nagorno-Karabakh and Yakutia) showed that natural waters in these areas contain no more than 10 mg / l of calcium ions, and the total consumption of calcium ions with drinking water and with food in these areas does not exceed 400 mg per day (published in the books “How to prolong a fleeting life”, Odessa, 2001 and Aktyube - Kazakhstan, 2004, and “Water of health and longevity”, Odessa, 2005. The author of the books is Druzyak N .G.). And since in most countries (all of Ukraine and most of Europe) natural water contains at least 40 mg / l of calcium ions, which contributes to the increased content of calcium salts in all food products grown on such water, it makes sense not to include salts intended for the mineralization of desalinated water, calcium salts. Therefore, the above method of mineralization of desalinated water cannot satisfy us in any way.

In addition, the listed methods of water mineralization are intended for centralized water supply of settlements, and therefore, the factor of water stability is very important for them. The increased content of calcium bicarbonate contributes in this case to a decrease in the corrosive activity of the resulting water. The proposed method of mineralization of desalinated water is not intended for centralized water supply, but only for bottling.

Close to the claimed is the method described in TU 6-09-3457-83.

In accordance with the above, in 5 tons of distillate is introduced (in grams): sodium hydrogen sulfate - 480; magnesium sulfate 7-water - 406; crystalline calcium chloride - 1610; sodium bicarbonate - 1313 and sodium fluoride - 9.

In common with the claimed invention is the mineralization of the distillate with a specific set of salts, one of which (magnesium sulfate) is the same. From the salt compound introduced into the distillate according to TU, it follows that, as in other technical solutions, an increased content of calcium ions is formed in drinking water. In addition, a large amount of sodium ions is additionally introduced. This water was intended for long-distance sailors, however, its use was refused, since it contained an unjustifiably large amount of sodium ions. In addition, in this water the magnesium salt was completely unbalanced with respect to sodium (only 8 mg / l in terms of Mg ^{2+ ion} ).

Physiologically, this water is inferior, and therefore has not found application in any areas. Closest to the claimed invention is a method for producing drinking water described in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2051125 (published on 12/27/1995). The method comprises introducing pre-dissolved salts into the distillate. Magnesium sulfate is administered in an amount of 24-40 mg / l (in terms of Mg ^{2+ ion} ), and potassium sulfate is administered in an amount of 115-195 mg / l (in terms of K ⁺ ion. The mixture is kept for one day.

The composition of the water obtained in this way is close to optimal, but it also has such a disadvantage as increased salt content (up to 635 mg / l), and, as you know, the higher the salt content, the worse water is absorbed by our body, and this, to some extent, , promotes dehydration (see books: A. Lodzinsky, Lectures on General Balneology, Moscow, 1949, and Taube P. P., Barvanova A. G., “Chemistry and Microbiology of Water, Moscow, 1983). For this reason, the salt content should be reduced, without reducing their positive effect.

This method is selected as a prototype.

The prototype and the claimed method have such common features:

- introduction of magnesium sulfate into the distillate;

- the introduction of potassium sulfate into the distillate;

- exposure of the mixture for a specified time.

The basis of the claimed invention is the task to create a method of mineralization of drinking water, in which by introducing additional salts into the distillate, as well as selecting their amount, to provide improved water quality due to a balanced content of the necessary macro- and microelements. The problem is solved in a method for the mineralization of drinking water from a distillate, which includes introducing magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate into the distillate and subsequent exposure to the fact that zinc sulfate and manganese sulfate are further added, and magnesium sulfate is introduced in an amount of 24-30 mg / l (in terms of per Mg ^{2+ ion} ), potassium sulfate - 80-100 mg / L (in terms of K ⁺ ion), zinc sulfate - 2.0-4.5 mg / L (in terms of Zn ^{2+ ion} ), manganese sulfate - 0.04-0.09 mg / l (in terms of Mn ^{2+ ion} ), and the exposure is carried out for 1.5 -2.0 hours.

New in the claimed invention is:

- the introduction of additional salts into the distillate: zinc sulfate and manganese sulfate;

- concentration of salts introduced;

- exposure time.

Achieving the claimed result - improving water quality by balancing the content of necessary substances - can be explained as follows.

Considering that magnesium and potassium are predominantly intracellular elements and their ions are involved in the work of many enzymes, their role in the cells of the body, such as in red blood cells and in the entire musculoskeletal system, could be strengthened by introducing the ions corresponding to the above into drinking water ions of elements such as manganese and zinc. In this case, you can even reduce the introduction of potassium sulfate into drinking water to 80-100 mg / l (in terms of K ⁴⁺ ion). From the point of view of biology, metabolism is a chain of complex chemical processes that occur in the cells of the body. Without trace elements and vitamins, they are impossible. And that's why. Firstly, trace elements contribute to the production of enzymes that act as catalysts, accelerators and triggers of chemical processes. It is known, for example, that zinc is involved in the creation of 200 enzymes, magnesium - 300, and selenium - 60. The lack of one of the elements can upset the entire enzyme system and cause many diseases. And, secondly, trace elements are necessary for the production of more than 200 hormones. Hormones are the regulators of all metabolic processes that occur in cells. They make us healthy, energetic and happy. For example, millions of Ukrainians have various thyroid diseases. It is traditionally believed that the main cause of thyroid disease is iodine deficiency. This simple and convenient explanation could have been undeniable 100 years ago. Today it is known that for the production of thyroid hormones not only iodine is needed, but also selenium, iron, zinc, manganese and others. A deficiency of any of these elements blocks the activity of the thyroid gland.

For the population of many regions, the lack of trace elements in food and water is a big problem. As indicated above, such a lack of trace elements leads to the disease - iron deficiency anemia (anemia). The cause of the disease is not only iron deficiency, as it may seem at first glance, but also because hematopoietic cells are not able to produce hemoglobin. In order to produce hemoglobin normally, the hematopoietic cell, in addition to iron, also needs trace elements such as zinc and manganese.

The cause of micronutrient deficiency is the depletion of land, so the products do not contain in themselves and 50% of those trace elements that should be in them. In addition, there are regions in which the soil is poor in vital macro- and micronutrients.

According to the number of people affected by the disease, diseases of the musculoskeletal system take second place after cardiovascular. Currently, in the United States alone, 500,000 joint prosthetics are performed annually. In the fight against the disease itself, the situation is close to catastrophic: today, signs of arthrosis are observed in 80% of people over 40 years old and almost everyone over 50 years old.

The cause of both joint diseases and osteoporosis is associated with metabolic disorders. And the missing link in this disturbed metabolism is manganese. It has been reliably established that a lack of manganese leads to the development of osteoporosis. They often try to cure this disease by increased consumption of calcium, but they do not achieve the desired result, because calcium makes it difficult to assimilate manganese in the body, thereby exacerbating its deficiency. And without manganese, bone synthesis is disrupted. Therefore, if manganese is introduced into the body with drinking water, in which there will be no calcium ions, then favorable conditions for the assimilation of manganese will be provided. Slow bone fusion in injuries was also noted if the blood level of manganese is low.

Manganese plays an important role in cell metabolism. It is part of the active center of many enzymes - pyruvate kinase, superoxide dismutase, phosphotransferase, arginase, nuclease and others. Of particular interest is the connection of manganese with some enzymes involved in the synthesis of acidic glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins and lipopolysaccharides. Acid glycosaminoglycans play an important role in the formation of cartilage and bone tissue. At the same time, manganese performs the function of a catalyst, promoting the formation of a bond between ticosamine and serine during the biosynthesis of acidic glycosaminoglycans in the cartilage form a hydrated gel). Therefore, with manganese deficiency in humans, the content of acidic glycosaminoglycans in cartilage decreases. Fusion of bones begins with the synthesis of cartilage tissue between the bone fragments, and then the cartilage tissue is filled with calcium phosphate. Therefore, insufficient intake of manganese in the body can inhibit bone splicing for a considerable time.

With manganese deficiency, a decrease in growth and an abnormal development of the skeleton are noted. Low-growing children consume only about 60% of the manganese absorbed by tall children.

An insufficient intake of manganese leads to a delay in the growth of hair and nails.

Manganese is an important factor limiting insulin production.

With manganese deficiency, the activity of a number of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes also decreases (we will talk about carbohydrate metabolism in erythrocytes below), fatty liver and fat deposition occur, the concentration of low density lipoproteins (which contribute to atherosclerosis) increases, the synthesis of sex hormones is limited, and reproductive functions are impaired .

Manganese deficiency also contributes to anemia - there is a directly proportional relationship between the manganese content in diets and the level of hemoglobin in the blood.

Red blood cells differ from the composition of the plasma not only in that they contain hemoglobin, but also they contain many ions of potassium, magnesium, zinc and manganese. Compared to all body tissues, most of all potassium is in red blood cells - 115 meq / kg, in muscles - 100 meq / kg, and in the heart - 64 meq / kg. This is an intracellular element. Magnesium is exactly the same intracellular element; its concentration in cells always exceeds that in the extracellular medium. So, the content of magnesium ions in blood plasma is (in percentage ratio) 1.7-2.8 mg, and in red blood cells 3.4-5.8 mg.

In erythrocytes there is no nucleus or mitochondria, protein synthesis is limited in them and there is no oxidative phosphorylation. The metabolic processes in them are represented mainly by anaerobic glycolysis. At the final stage of glycolysis (the conversion of 2-phosphoglyceric acid to phosphoenolpyruvate is carried out as a result of the dehydration reaction catalyzed by phosphopyruvate hydratase), an enzyme (catalyzing this reaction) is involved, which requires Mg ²⁺ , Mn ²⁺ , Zn ^{2+ ions} , the antagonists of which are Ca ^{2+ ions} . Therefore, the introduction of magnesium, zinc and manganese salts into drinking water that does not contain calcium ions will favorably affect the absorption of metal ions of these salts.

And the reaction between phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP with the formation of pyruvic acid and ATP (with the above glycolysis) is catalyzed by pyruvate kinase, which requires Mg ²⁺ , Mn ²⁺ and K ⁺ ions to manifest its activity. Ca ^{2+ ions} again act as antagonists of manganese ions. Therefore, in this case, the trace element manganese (MnSO ₄ salt) is preferably introduced into drinking water that does not contain calcium ions.

With the introduction of manganese salts (MnSO ₄ ) into drinking water, pyruvate kinase is so activated that the amount of potassium salt in the same water can be significantly reduced (the upper limit of 195 mg / l can be lowered to 150 mg / l).

Zinc is found mainly in red blood cells, which is part of carbonic anhydrase. This enzyme catalyzes the reversible reaction of the splitting of carbonic acid to carbon dioxide and water and is one of the most common and most active enzymes in the human body. He is involved in the implementation of body functions such as transporting CO ₂ , the formation of hydrochloric acid in the stomach and maintaining the acid-base balance in the blood. Carbonic anhydrase was first detected in red blood cells. Carbonic anhydrase is a metal enzyme (zinc proteide). Due to the introduction of zinc (ZnSO ₄ salt) into drinking water, the activity of all enzymes found in red blood cells (and there are only 140) is so activated that the arterial blood changes its color from dark red to red, which means a deeper saturation of arterial blood with oxygen.

The need for zinc is: in adults, 10-15 mg per day, in children - 4-5, in infants - 0.3 mg per 1 kg of body weight.

Zinc deficiency is a fairly common occurrence. Under natural conditions, a factor causing or exacerbating zinc deficiency is an increased level of calcium in diets and in drinking water.

Zinc deficiency is both low growth, and problems with sexual development, and coarsening of the skin, and lethargy (a sharp inhibition of all signs of life), and a decrease in appetite, and apathy, and depression. Signs of hypocycosis include increased irritability and impaired coordination of movement. Cases of severe depression with zinc deficiency are described.

The noticeable effect of zinc ions begins to appear when 2 mg / l of zinc sulfate is introduced into water and most effectively at 4.5 mg / l (in terms of Zn ^{2+ ion} ).

The noticeable effect of manganese ions begins to appear when 0.04 mg / l of manganese sulfate is introduced into water and is most effective at 0.09 mg / l (in terms of Mn ^{2+ ion} ).

The method is as follows.

Magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate and manganese sulfate are pre-dissolved separately in a small amount of distillate separately. To do this, use the salts of qualification "h", "hch", "chda". Then, a predetermined amount of distillate is poured into a large container, after which pre-prepared solutions of magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate and manganese sulfate are successively introduced into the distillate with slow stirring. The order of administration does not matter. The mineralized water thus prepared is stirred and aged for 1.5-2.0 hours, after which it is poured into the necessary containers (plastic bottles, bottles, cans, etc.).

Example 1

Received 1000 l of mineralized water in accordance with the claimed method.

To do this, 950 L of distillate was taken and 246 g of 76 hydrous magnesium sulfate, 200 g of potassium sulfate, also dissolved in 20 L of distillate, 10 g of zinc sulfate dissolved in 5 L of distillate and 240 dissolved previously dissolved in 20 L of distillate were successively added to it. mg of manganese sulfate dissolved in 5 l of distillate. The mineralized water thus obtained was thoroughly mixed and left to stand for 1.5 hours, so that all salts were uniformly dissolved throughout the volume of water. The analysis carried out after 2 hours, after a day and after two days, showed the following ionic composition: K ⁺ = 90 mg / L, Mg ²⁺ = 24 mg / L, Zn ²⁺ = 4.0 mg / L, Mn ²⁺ = 0.09 mg / L and SO ₄ ^2- = 214 mg / L.

Examples 2-11 illustrate the production of mineralized water with the content of ions Mg ²⁺ , Mn ²⁺ , K ⁺ and Zn ²⁺ . The data are given in the table.

As can be seen from the table, in examples 4, 8, 9 and 10, there are no results, and with the introduction of magnesium, zinc, potassium and manganese sulfates above or below the declared limits, there is not only a lack of results, but also negative consequences. In particular, in example 4 there is no stabilization effect due to a lack of manganese. Example 6 shows signs of heart failure due to a lack of potassium. In example 7, an enhanced diuretic effect due to excess potassium is observed. In examples 8 and 9 there was no stabilization effect due to a lack of zinc or an excess of zinc. In example 10, due to an excess of manganese, the water acquired a metallic taste, the stabilization effect was absent. In example 11, due to the increased content of magnesium, increased vasodilation was observed, people were “thrown into the heat”.

Examples 1, 2, 3 and 5 illustrate positive results, with prolonged use, vitality increased, water met all physiological needs.

The invention is industrially easily feasible, the method does not require complex technological equipment. This method can be used in any village in which there is no high-quality drinking water, but there is any natural water, even too mineralized, from which you can prepare high-quality drinking water without much difficulty and with little energy.

The systematic use of this water as drinking water for a short time (2-3 months) solves the problems with the cardiovascular system, while the blood picture becomes magnificent. During the aforementioned time, the joints cease to hurt in people who suffer from joint diseases for many years. Skin becomes healthy and supple, hair does not fall out, nails become beautiful.

Claims (1)

A method of mineralizing drinking water from a distillate, comprising introducing magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate into the distillate and subsequent exposure, characterized in that zinc sulfate and manganese sulfate are further added, and magnesium sulfate is introduced in an amount of 24-30 mg / l (in terms of Mg ion ²⁺ ), potassium sulfate - 80-100 mg / l (in terms of K ⁺ ion), zinc sulfate - 2.0-4.5 mg / l (in terms of Zn ^{2+ ion} ), manganese sulfate - 0, 04-0.09 mg / l (in terms of Mn ^{2+ ion} ), and exposure is carried out for 1.5-2.0 hours