RU2407668C2 - Heeled caterpillar transport facility - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to machine building. Proposed transport facility comprises controlled wheels, wheel and caterpillar propulsors, drive axle final drive, differential, steering gear with hydraulic booster and pitman arm. Axles with differential pinions of planetary reduction gears are attached to differential pinion frame on RH and LH sides. Sun gear of each reduction gear is coupled with tubular semiaxle that drives caterpillar track driving sprocket. Annular rings are articulated with hydraulic reversing motors communicated via oil lines with controlled reversing pump. Pump can operate at the shaft opposite revolutions. The shaft is articulated with wheeled caterpillar facility gearbox secondary shaft. Pump displacement control link is articulated with pitman arm.

EFFECT: higher maneuverability.

4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device mainly wheel-tracked vehicle.

Known wheeled-tracked vehicles containing steered wheels, drive wheels and tracks, for example, a GA3-60 car [1], an armored car [2], a vehicle [3], etc.

The disadvantage is that the moment from the steered wheels is not enough to turn, for example, into a mud.

Known wheeled-tracked vehicle containing steered wheels, wheeled and tracked engines, the main gear of the drive axle of their drive, the differential drive of the drive wheels with half shafts, steering device with power steering and steering bipod, for example, according to RU 2147284 [3] - prototype.

Its disadvantage is that when the wheels and tracks are moved into the mud, at the same time, the turning moment only from the steered wheels is not enough to turn the vehicle.

The technical result is a vehicle that is effectively moved and turned left and right on a favorable and unfavorable track surface for a wheeled drive.

The essence of the invention is that a wheeled-tracked vehicle containing steered wheels, wheeled and tracked engines, the main gear of the drive axle of their drive, the drive differential of the drive wheels with semi-axles, the steering device with power steering and steering bipod, and according to the invention therein, with a right and axles with planetary gear satellites are attached to the differential carrier, the sun gear of each of which is connected to the tubular drive axle of the drive sprocket of the track’s caterpillar, and the epicycles are attached are connected kinematically reversible hydraulic motor, an oil passage communicated with regulated reversible pump having a possibility to operate at its opposite rotations of the shaft, kinematically connected with the secondary shaft gearboxes wheel-tracked vehicle, the link adjustment of working volume of the pump is connected kinematically with the steering bipod.

Thanks to such signs, a wheeled-tracked vehicle is effectively turned under adverse road conditions with both steered wheels and tracks simultaneously.

A vehicle has been arranged (hereinafter referred to as a combined vehicle), for example, as follows.

In Fig.1 - combi car in the position of movement on wheels, side view.

In Fig.2 - a combined vehicle in a position of movement on wheels and tracks together, a side view, as well as a schematic diagram of a device for raising and lowering tracks.

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the control of maneuvering a combined vehicle.

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a device for turning on and off a gear clutch in a control device for maneuvering a combined vehicle.

Symbols in figures 1, 2, 3 and 4.

1 - frame of the combined vehicle (hereinafter frame),

2 - cabin and body for cargo (hereinafter body),

3 - steered wheel (hereinafter wheel),

4 - drive wheel (hereinafter wheel),

5 - non-drive bearing (wheel),

6 - spring,

7 - caterpillar,

8 - caterpillar tape (hereinafter tape),

9 - a leading sprocket of a caterpillar (hereinafter asterisk),

10 - roller supporting the tape 8, (hereinafter roller),

11 - a tension wheel with a device for tensioning the tape 8 (hereinafter tensioner),

12 - track roller track 7 (hereinafter roller),

13 - balancing carriage rollers 12 (hereinafter carriage),

14 - leash suspension carriage 13 (hereinafter leash),

15 - beam with rollers 10 (hereinafter beam),

16 - a hydraulic cylinder for lifting and lowering the rollers 12 and the rollers 10 of the track 7 (hereinafter the cylinder),

17 - oil pipe device lifting and lowering the tracks 7 (hereinafter oil pipe),

18 is an oil pipe that communicates the cavity of the cylinders 16 of raising and lowering the left track 7 with the cavities of the cylinders 16 of raising and lowering the right track 7, (hereinafter oil pipe),

19 is a manometer calibrated in kg load rollers 12 on the tape 8, (hereinafter the device),

20 - two-way hydraulic lock (hereinafter referred to as the lock),

21 - a control valve with a control handle at the driver's seat (hereinafter referred to as a distributor),

22 - throttle with a check valve (hereinafter retarder),

23 - hydraulic cylinder on-off coupling in the drive device of the tracks (hereinafter cylinder),

24 - capacity for oil (hereinafter capacity),

25 - gear pump driven by the crankshaft of the engine of the combimobile (hereinafter pump),

26 - valve limiting the maximum pressure of the rollers 12 to the tape 8 (hereinafter the valve),

27 - oil filter (hereinafter filter),

28 - engine of the combined vehicle (hereinafter engine),

29 - gearbox (hereinafter gearbox),

30 - transfer case connected to the secondary shaft of gearbox 29, (hereinafter box),

31 - gear with a clutch on-off clutch it with the shaft (hereinafter gear),

32 - the bridge of the driving wheels 4 of the combined vehicle (hereinafter the bridge),

33 - cardan shaft connecting the box 30 with the main gear of the bridge 32, (hereinafter cardan),

34 - differential of the bridge 32 (hereinafter the differential),

35 - the semi-axis of the drive wheel 5 with the sun gear differential 34 (hereinafter the semi-axis),

36 - carrier differential 34 with the axes of the planetary gear satellites (hereinafter referred to as the carrier),

37 - planetary gear (hereinafter gear),

38 - satellite gear 37 (hereinafter satellite),

39 - hollow axis with the sun gear of the gear 37 (hereinafter the semi-axis gear),

40 - gear 37 epicyclic connected to a bevel gear (hereinafter block gear),

41 - pinion shaft with a bevel gear (hereinafter referred to as pinion shaft),

42 - propeller shaft kinematic connection of the block gear 39 with a device of mutually opposite increase-decrease of the rotation frequencies of the tracks (hereinafter cardan),

43 - gear with a clutch on-off clutch with the shaft (hereinafter gear),

44 - gear kinematic connection of two gears 43 (hereinafter gear),

45 - reversible hydraulic motor (hereinafter motor),

46 - bilateral hydraulic lock on the input channels of the motor 45 (hereinafter referred to as the lock),

47 - oil pipelines of the control device caterpillars 7 (hereinafter oil pipelines),

48 - adjustable reversible axial-plunger pump that can operate with opposite rotations of its shaft, for example, pump 207.32.11.02 [4], p.47, fig.3.12, having a finger link [4], p.46, fig. 3.10, position 7, the regulation of the inclined unit, (hereinafter pump),

49 - reversible feed pump, for example, type MNSH-46U [5], p.20, (hereinafter pump),

50 - check valve block, (hereinafter valve block),

51 - capacity for the feed circuit of the hydraulic drive of the motor 45 with a pump 48 (hereinafter tank),

52 - filter element (hereinafter filter),

53 - valve-regulator of oil flow through the filter 52 (hereinafter valve),

54 - a hydraulic control valve (hereinafter the valve),

55 - valve for regulating the pressure of the make-up feed hydraulic drive (hereinafter the valve),

56 - radiator-cooler oil volume hydraulic drive (hereinafter radiator),

57 is a check valve communicating the make-up circuit with oil lines 47, (hereinafter the valve),

58 - safety valve between the oil lines 47 (hereinafter the valve),

59 - steering wheel (hereinafter the steering wheel),

60 - the worm wheel of the steering device (hereinafter referred to as the worm),

61 - a gear sector in engagement with the worm 60, (hereinafter referred to as the sector),

62 - gear sector connected firmly to sector 61, (hereinafter referred to as sector),

63 - a hydraulic cylinder connected by teeth on a rod with a sector 61, (hereinafter the cylinder),

64 - a directional valve with a negative spool overlap, centering springs, "road sense" cameras, in communication with cylinder 63, (hereinafter referred to as a distributor),

65 - links kinematic connection of the cylinder 63 with the link to regulate the working volume of the pump 48 (hereinafter links),

66 - stabilizer, kinematically connected with the links 65, (hereinafter stabilizer),

67 - capacity for oil power steering 59 (hereinafter tank),

68 - gear pump (hereinafter pump),

69 - safety valve (hereinafter valve),

70 - oil filter (hereinafter filter),

71 - thrust bearing pressing the discs of the clutch gear 31.43 (hereinafter the bearing),

72 - fork moving bearing 72 along its axis by cylinder 23 (hereinafter the fork),

73 - brake.

A body 2 is mounted on frame 1. The front part of the frame, through the springs, rests on the axle of the steered wheels 3, and the rear part of the frame rests on the axle of two drive wheels 4 and on the bridge of two with twin tires of non-drive wheels 5 through a balancer suspension with springs 6. Between the front and with rear wheels on each side of the combi-vehicle, a caterpillar 7 with an endless belt 8 is placed, which is meshed with an asterisk 9 and covers the rollers 10, the tensioner 11 and the rollers 12. The rollers are mounted in pairs on carriages 12 suspended from the frame on leashes 14, and the rollers are located We are on the beam 15. The beam has two vertical posts, the front of which is pivotally connected to the front carriage, and the rear post is connected to the rear carriage through a horizontal groove. Each beam 15 is pivotally connected to the rods of two cylinders 16, the cavities of the same name are connected by oil pipes 17 and 18 to each other. The piston cavities of these cylinders are also communicated with the device 19 and through the lock 20 with the distributor 21, and their rod cavities are communicated with the distributor through the moderator 22 and the other channel of the lock 20. The piston cavities of the cylinders 16 communicate with the piston cavities of the three cylinders 23 for turning on / off the track control couplings and their rod cavities are connected with an oil line between the lock 20 and the retarder 22. The device for raising and lowering the tracks and regulating the load on its rollers also contains a tank 24, a pump 25, a valve 26 and a filter 27, connected by an oil water in accordance with the Figure 2 hydraulic circuit.

The engine 28 through the secondary shaft of the gearbox 29 and through the shaft of the gearbox 30, the gear 31 of which is connected to the shaft by an on-off clutch, is connected to the main gear of the bridge 32 by the universal joint 33. The bevel gear of the main gear is connected to the differential 34, whose sun gear is connected to the axle shaft 35, and to the right and left of its carrier 36, there are gearboxes 37, the axes of the satellites 38 of which are attached to the differential carrier. These satellites are meshed with the semi-axle gear 39 and with the block gear 40, whose bevel gear through the pinion shaft 41, cardan 42, gear 43 with its on-off clutch and gear 44 is kinematically connected to the motor 45, which through the lock 46 and oil lines 47 are in communication with the pump 48. This pump and pump 49 are connected to the shaft of the driven gear box 30 and are included in the volumetric hydraulic drive control tracks. The pump 49 through the valve block 50 is communicated by a suction channel with a tank 51, a pressure channel with a filter 52 and a valve 53, and then through a distributor 54 with a valve 55, a radiator 56 and through valves 57 with oil pipelines of the volumetric hydraulic actuator, which are also interconnected by valves 58. In Fig. 3, the make-up circuit of the pump 49 in the volumetric hydraulic drive of the motor 45 by the pump 48 is made in the same way as the recommended reference [4], p.277, Fig. 7.20.

The gear ratio of the gearbox 37 in a first approximation is equal to the quotient of dividing the diameter of the wheel 4 by the diameter of the sprocket 9.

The steering gear of the combi-vehicle includes a steering wheel 59, whose shaft is connected to the worm 60, which is meshed with a sector 61, which is firmly connected to a sector 62, which is meshed with a gear rack on the cylinder rod 63, connected by oil lines with a distributor 64. The worm 60 is mounted with the ability to move along its axis, and its shaft is connected to the spool of the distributor 64. The links 65 connect the cylinder rod 63 of the steering device to the control unit of the pump displacement 48 and to the stabilizer 66. The stabilizer has a cylindrical body with holes in the end walls. A rod is passed through the holes of the cylindrical body with a spring partially compressed by nuts and washers on it so that the outer surfaces of the washers without pressing touch the inner surfaces of the end walls of the stabilizer body at the position of the pump’s zero working volume 48. Tank 67, pump also enters the power steering gear 68, valve 69 and oil filter 70.

The bearing 71 is mounted in a housing movably sitting on the shaft with an annular groove, which includes a fork 72, pivotally connected to the cylinder 23. Between the end ring of the bearing 71 and the end face of the gear 31 (43) steel friction discs with teeth on the outer or inner diameter are placed. The gear 31 (43) sits freely on the shaft and is made at the same time with a shell having internal teeth, and its shaft in the zone of friction disks has external teeth. The odd friction disks (counting from the gear) are connected by teeth with its shaft, and even - with gear 31 (43) through the teeth of its shell. Brakes 73 are mounted on sprockets of 9 tracks, on the shaft of the main gear of the axle 32, on wheels 3 and 5.

Works combo as follows.

Let it be necessary to set the combi car in a position for driving on wheels. To do this, start the engine 28, the distributor 21 through the lock 20 serves oil in the rod cavities of the cylinders 16 and 23 and raise the rollers 12 and the rollers 10 until the tape 8 is pulled by the rollers 10 without sagging under the rollers 12. In this case, the cylinders 23 with forks 72 divert the bearing 71 from the friction discs of the clutches of the gears 31. With this, the motor 45, the pumps 48 and 49 are disconnected from the transmission, the block gears 40 are freed from kinematic communication with the motor 45. The first gearbox of the gearbox 29 is engaged and then controlled like a regular car. On bumps of the road surface and on other small obstacles under the right or left wheel 3, the stabilizer 66 holds the wheels 3 in a position of rectilinear movement, but does not make it difficult for the driver to rotate the steering wheel 59 due to the amplifier. With approximately equal load on each tire of wheels 3, 4 and 5, two driving wheels with single tires according to the clutch conditions are quite enough for a combined vehicle to move without skidding on an asphalt concrete road, gravel (gravel) highway, cobblestone highway before and after rain, a dry dry packed road as well as on a winter snowy rolled road.

Suppose you want to drive along a dirt road or terrain, for example, into a mud road. To do this, the oil dispenser 21 supplies oil to the rod cavities of the cylinders 16 and 23. These cylinders 23 include clutch gears 31 and 43, connect the motor 45, the pumps 48, 49 to the transmission, and the rollers 10, rollers 12 and the belt 8 are lowered to the operating position for movement on wheels and tracks together. Moreover, the more oil is supplied to the cylinders, the more the springs are unloaded and the body is lifted above the wheel axles, the more the lower branches of the tracks are pressed to the road surface and this quantity is controlled quantitatively by the instrument 19. Next, the combined vehicle is moved by the wheels and tracks together. Due to the gear ratio of the gearboxes 37, made according to the above dependence, the peripheral speeds of the wheels 4 and the speeds of the belts 8 are the same. Differential 34 is not locked.

When the movement is straightforward, the steering wheel 59 is held by hands and the stabilizer 66 (or only the stabilizer) in the middle position. This pump 48 through the links 65 is held in position of zero displacement, they do not pump oil, the motor 45 and the block gear 40 are inhibited. The carrier 36 rotates the axis with the satellites 38, which run on the epicycles of the block gears 40, than rotate the half-axis gears 39 and the sprockets 9 of the tracks 7.

To turn, rotate the steering wheel 59 to the right (left) and with it the worm 60, which, relying on the teeth of sector 61, introduces (outputs) the spool of the distributor 64 into the housing (from the housing) of the distributor. This oil from the pump 68 is fed into the cylinder 63, the piston of which is displaced from the sector (towards the sector) 62, the sector 62 and sector 61 are rotated clockwise (counterclockwise) with the help of the rod, thereby moving the worm 60 along its axis together with the spool by the distributor centering springs 64 to the starting position. This happens while continuing to rotate the steering wheel 59 to the right (left). In this case, the piston of the cylinder 63 through the links 65 additionally compresses the stabilizer spring 66 and increases the working volume of the pump 48, respectively, to the angle of rotation of the rudder 59. Each position of the rudder 59 clearly corresponds to the working volume of the pump 48, the ratio of the oil flow from the pump 48 and the ratio of the speed of the motor shaft 45 to the speed of the secondary shaft of the gearbox 29. Motor 45 through the gears 44, 43, cardans 42 rotate the block gears 40 (epicycles) of the gearboxes 37 in mutually opposite directions. This rotates the epicyclic speed algebraically with the carrier speed 36 and rotates the right (left) half-axle gear 39 with a lower frequency than the left (right) half-axle gear. In this case, each position of the steering wheel 59 corresponds to its own ratio of the rotation frequencies of the right and left semi-axle gears 39, the right and left sprockets 9, the rotation frequencies of the belts 8 of the right and left tracks 7 and, therefore, its radius of the path of the combined vehicle, equivalent to the radius of the correspondingly rotated cylinder 63 wheels 3, due to the necessary parameters for the kinematic connections of the cylinder 63 with wheels 3 and with the motor 48.

When moving the combi-vehicle with wheels and tracks in reverse, the maneuvering radii of the wheels 3 and tracks 7 are also equivalent.

To exit the rotation in a rectilinear motion, rotate the steering wheel 59 in the opposite direction to the middle position or stop holding it in the rotated position. In the latter case, due to the negative overlap of the valve spool 64, the stabilizer spring 66 and the stabilizing moment on the turned wheels 3 move the piston of the cylinder 63 to the middle position, its rod rotates sector 62 and the sector 61 connected to it, which rotates the worm 60 and the steering wheel 59 to the middle positions, and the pump 48 sets to the position of zero displacement. From this moment, the belts 8 of the tracks 7 are rewound with the same rotation frequency, the wheels are also rotated with the same frequency, the combi-vehicle is moved in a straight line.

The effect of the make-up circuit by the pump 49 in the volumetric hydraulic drive of the motor 45 by the pump 48 is clear from the diagram in Fig. 3, described in the literature, for example, in the reference book [4], p.277 ... 288, does not apply to the essence of the application and does not require special explanations.

Thus, the combi-car is effectively rotated under adverse road conditions with both steered wheels and tracks together at equal radii and it can be used as an army vehicle for tracking and transport maintenance of tracked vehicles.

Information sources

1. Half-tracked vehicle GA3-60. J. "Driving," No. 7, 1979, 1 pp., Attached.

2. Armored car. EP 0037634 B62D 55/108, B60G 11/18, Bulletin 1999/34, p. 11.

3. Off-road vehicle. RU 2147284 B62D 55/04 2000.04.10, 5 s.

4. Hydraulic equipment of mobile machines: a Handbook. - M., Mechanical Engineering, 1983.- 301 s.

5. Hydraulic equipment for tractors, agricultural and road-building machines. Tractor export. Vneshtorgizdat. Ed. No. 334136, 1981, 53 p. 1 s attached

Claims (1)

A wheeled-tracked vehicle containing steered wheels, wheeled and tracked engines, the main gear of the drive axle of their drive, the differential of the drive of the drive wheels with semi-axles, the steering device with power steering and steering bipod, characterized in that the star carrier of the differential is attached to the differential carrier axles with planetary gear satellites, the sun gear of each of which is connected to the tubular drive axle of the drive sprocket of the caterpillar of its side, and the epicycles are kinematically connected to the hydraulic a reversible motor connected by oil pipelines with an adjustable reversible pump, capable of operating with opposite rotations of its shaft, kinematically connected with the secondary shaft of the gearbox of a wheeled-tracked vehicle, and the pump displacement control link is kinematically connected to the steering bipod.

Images