RU2314684C1 - Artificial biotope - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fish industry, in particular, technique for rearing and reproduction of aquatic organisms in sea.

SUBSTANCE: biotope has anchors with buoy-ropes equipped with buoys of variable floatability, said buoys being connected to bearing cables with substrates. Biotope carcass is made umbrella-shaped, with anchors being arranged along perimeter of circle, one buoy being arranged centrally of circle and central buoy-rope being attached to said one buoy. Central buoy-rope is oriented in vertical plane by means of central buoy to which cables-tension braces are additionally attached in succession, said cables-tension braces being fixed with their lower ends to lateral anchors. Bearing cables connected with their lower ends to buoys of variable floatability are equipped with guy-rope systems formed as two buy-ropes attached with their lower ends to two lateral anchors adjoining one another. Substrates connect bearing cables through parallel lines with adjacent cables-tension braces.

EFFECT: convenient operation, wider operational capabilities owing to flexible construction, provision for operation of apparatus under complicated wind and hydrodynamic conditions due to increased wave resistance.

4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the fishing industry, and in particular to devices for breeding, reproduction of marine aquatic organisms.

A device for growing aquatic organisms (1) is known, containing anchors, buirpas, a frame in the form of a trihedral prism, consisting of support frames and longitudinal ribs connecting them, to which stringers are attached to form sections on the side faces for placement of substrates equipped with fixing braces for communication with stringers.

The disadvantage of this device is the lack of reliability and stability, because the presence of a large number of anchor braces, support frames, longitudinal ribs and stringers located in the same plane next to each other, can lead to tangling of the structure, and the lack of rigidity of the ribs in the center leads to the possibility of subsidence to the bottom.

In addition, the location of the substrates perpendicular to the water surface due to mutual shading leads to insufficient use of sunlight by fouling algae.

A known device for growing aquatic organisms (2), selected as a prototype, is known, comprising anchors with buoyers, the free ends of which are equipped with buoys of constant buoyancy, connected by guy ropes to bearing cables, and attached to the latter substrates, and buoys of variable buoyancy are attached to bearing ropes and substrates by streamers.

A disadvantage of the known device is the lack of reliability and stability, because if one of the buoyers is damaged, the structural elements become entangled, and in case of strong storms, the device may collapse (topple over).

The implementation of the known device single-tier limits the functionality of the device and uneconomical due to the limitation of the useful area of the substrates of attachment

Using freon to fill buoys of variable buoyancy complicates and significantly increases the cost of maintenance of the device. In addition, being an ozone-depleting gas, freon is not recommended for use.

The objective of the invention is to increase the reliability and stability of the structure, expanding functionality, as well as ease of use.

The problem is achieved in that in an artificial biotope, including anchors with buoyers equipped with buoys of variable buoyancy, to which carrier cables are fixed with substrates fixed to them, according to the invention, the biotope frame is made in an umbrella shape, in which the anchors are located around the circumference, and one is installed in its center, to which a central buoyer is attached, oriented vertically in the water by means of a central buoy, to which alternate extension cables are additionally attached, with lower legs they are fixed to the side anchors, and bearing cables, the lower ends connected to buoys of variable buoyancy, equipped with two buoyer pull systems, the lower ends attached to two adjacent side anchors, and the substrates in parallel lines connect the bearing cables to adjacent stretching cables ,

In addition, buoys of variable buoyancy are made in the form of parachutes, for example, of parachute fabric, filled with air, located with domes in the water and secured with slings to the buoyer.

To obtain additional tiers, additional umbrella frames are fixed to the central buoyer, in which the attachment points of the bearing cables with side buoyers are connected to the buoys of variable buoyancy of the upper tier by means of leads.

The umbrella shape of the device with a central buoyrp and buoy increases its hydrodynamic stability, as it can withstand severe storms, and in case of damage to one of the side buoyur or a stretching cable, only two sections can be deflected while maintaining their functionality. This eliminates tangling of structural elements.

The shape of the umbrella provides the same water exchange and access of nutrients over the entire area of the structure, and also increases access to bearing surfaces for harvesting or cleaning from fouling.

The alternation of stretching cables with load-bearing cables fixed on buoys of variable buoyancy and connected by parallel lines of substrates increases the rigidity of the structure, and with excessive fouling of substrates with hydrobionts, its flooding is prevented.

In this case, the substrates connecting the cables in parallel lines are located at an angle to the water surface, which allows to increase the useful area of the device without mutual shading.

The ability to perform a multi-tiered design increases the structural stability and at the same time expands the device’s functionality by moving different types of hydrobionts to different tiers, and also increases the useful area of the attachment substrates. This ensures the penetration of sunlight into the lower tiers.

The implementation of buoys of variable buoyancy in the form of parachutes, for example, from parachute fabric, the dome of which is filled with air, the volume of which is regulated, reduces cost and increases the environmental safety of the device compared to the known one.

The set of distinctive features of the described device ensures the achievement of the task.

Comparison of the prototype with the claimed technical solution showed that the above signs are distinctive, and therefore the claimed device meets the criterion of "novelty."

Figure 1 shows an artificial biotope, General view; figure 2 - two-tier biotope, General view; figure 3 - buoy of variable buoyancy, figure 4 - biotopes installed in the sea.

The design contains anchors 1 located on the bottom of the reservoir along the perimeter of the circle, and one is installed in the center. The frame of the structure is made of umbrella shape.

The central buoyrep 2 is fixed to the central anchor 1, oriented vertically in the water column with the help of the central buoy 3, forming the central axis of the umbrella.

The dome of the umbrella is formed as follows. Extension cables 4 are alternately attached to the central buoy 3, fastened to the side anchors 1 with lower ends, and carrier cables 5, connected to variable buoys with lower ends 6. The latter are equipped with two buoyer 7 retraction systems, lower ends attached to two adjacent side anchors 1. The supporting cables 5 are connected to the adjacent stretching cables 4 by means of substrates 8. The latter are fixed to the cables 4, 5 by parallel lines.

The substrates 8 to the bearing cables and extension cables are attached by means of nylon clamps.

In the center of the structure, where the central buoyrep 2 and all the cables 4, 5 from the anchors 1 meet, establish the central main buoy or the necessary number of buoys to support the ropes from all the anchors.

Fastening to the central buoy 3 of the central buoyrp, extension cables and load-bearing cables is carried out using quick-disconnect connections, for example, with bar-rod or vylenochnym nodes or through carbines and rings.

Buoys of variable buoyancy 6 are made in the form of parachutes, for example, of parachute fabric, the domes 9 of which are filled with air, and the bottom side is located in the water, and the slings 10 are fixed to the buyreps 7 by means of nylon clamps.

Anchors 1 are made in the form of a cast hollow concrete hemisphere with an iron eye. The sizes of each anchor vary depending on their total number, the size of the structure being constructed, the nature of the soil, and the hydrodynamic features of the reservoir.

To increase the working area of the device at different heights of the central buoyrep 2, you can attach similar umbrella domes, creating a multi-tiered design. At the same time, in the lower tiers, the attachment points of the load-bearing cables with side buoys are connected by means of leads 11 to buoys of variable buoyancy 6 of the upper tier.

Biotope installation is carried out using a floating facility.

The assembly of an artificial biotope can be carried out on board a small vessel as follows.

First, a central anchor 1 is laid on the ground with a fixed central buoyer 2, which is oriented vertically in the water column using a central buoy 3. Then, side anchors 1 are laid around the circumference relative to the central anchor 1. Fasten to the side anchors 1 using quick disconnect joints, for example carbines and rings, one stretching cable 4 and two buoyeres 7. The free ends of the stretching cables 4 are reduced to the central buoy 3 and attached to its loop using quick disconnect connections. The upper ends of the lateral buoyrups 7 are directed in opposite directions and connected to the buirup 7 of the adjacent side anchor 1. At the junction of the buirups 7, buoys of variable buoyancy are fixed 6. To these, using quick-disconnect couplings, the load-bearing cables are fixed 5. The free ends of all the load-bearing cables 5 are reduced to the central buoyrep 7 and fasten using quick disconnect connections to the loop of the central buoy 3.

Carrier cables 5 installed in the sea are held in an upright position by buoys of variable buoyancy 6 at a depth determined by the length of the buoyreps 7 guy systems. The stretch cables 4 located between them are located at a depth determined by the distance between the side armature 1 and the central buoy 3.

Then, to the supporting cables 5 and adjacent extension cables 4, rope substrates 8 are attached in parallel lines.

In this case, the top view of the structure is similar to a web. The lower tiers are set similarly. The depth of the substrates 8 of the lower tier is determined by the length of the leads 11.

The proposed artificial biotope resembles an umbrella and is designed to maximize the use of sunlight by hydrobionts.

When fouling substrates with hydrobionts, in order to increase the buoyancy of the structure, the buoys of buoys of variable buoyancy 6 are replenished with air using a can of compressed air, which is fed under the dome of buoys 6.

To reduce buoyancy, for example, in the winter, when it is necessary to flood the substrates 8 to the desired depth, the necessary volume of air is released from buoys 6 by squeezing the dome from above or from the sides.

The device can be used for the formation of biocenoses close to indigenous, with anthropogenic redistribution of bottom sediments; as a mechanical-biological filter in areas of increased anthropogenic load; breeding and commercial cultivation of mollusks, other invertebrates and algae; habitat and feeding of fish.

Under conditions of severe anthropogenic pollution, which the biocenosis cannot cope with, and detoxification of the aquatic environment does not occur, the device is cleaned on-site using light-diving equipment or on board the vessel by dismantling the structure.

The advantages of the proposed device are polyfunctionality, low cost and ease of installation and dismantling, the possibility of creating different sizes of devices, which allows you to quickly adapt it to changing water regimes and changing economic purposes.

The flexibility of the design, the stability of the action of the waves allows you to operate the device in difficult wind and hydrodynamic conditions.

Information sources

1. Auth. testimonial. USSR No. 1648305, MKI A01K 61/00.

2. RF patent №2003249, MKI A01K 61/00 (prototype).

Claims (3)

1. An artificial biotope, including anchors with buoyers, equipped with buoys of variable buoyancy, connected to load-bearing cables with substrates, characterized in that the biotope frame is made in an umbrella shape, in which the anchors are located around the circumference, and one is installed in its center, to which is attached a central buoyer, oriented vertically in the water by means of a central buoy, to which are additionally alternately attached extension cables, fixed with the lower ends to the side anchors, and carrying cables, with the lower ends and connected to buoys of variable buoyancy, equipped with two-buoyer pull-out systems, lower ends attached to two adjacent side anchors, and the substrates in parallel lines connect the load-bearing cables to the adjacent stretching cables. 2. The artificial biotope according to claim 1, characterized in that the buoys of variable buoyancy are made in the form of parachutes, for example, of parachute fabric, filled with air, located with domes in the water and secured with slings to the buoyer. 3. The artificial biotope according to claim 1, characterized in that additional umbrella frames are fixed to the central buoyrp, forming additional tiers, in which the attachment points of the bearing cables with side buoyrps are connected with buoys of variable buoyancy by means of streamers.

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