RU2287992C1 - Method for immunoprophylaxis of viral respiratory diseases in calves - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary science.

SUBSTANCE: one should immunize down-calving cows 1.5 mo before calving with a live, dry culture associated vaccine against paragrippe-3 (PG) and infectious rhinotracheitis in cattle (IRT) and simultaneously it is necessary to introduce Ligfol per 5 ml/animal; in 14 d Ligfol should be introduced once more at the same dosage; for calves born form these cows for 0.5-1 h after the birth it is necessary to introduce Ligfol once intramuscularly at the dosage of 2 ml. The innovation decreases the quantity of diseases and accelerates the recovery in animals.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of immunoprophylaxis.

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Description

The invention relates to veterinary immunology, relates to a method for the prevention of viral respiratory diseases of calves caused by the associated pathogen parainfluenza-3 (PG-3) and infectious rhinotracheitis (IRT).

Respiratory diseases of calves are widespread in farms for rearing and fattening of prefabricated livestock and cause great economic damage.

Among respiratory diseases of calves of viral etiology, PG-3 and RTI are of great importance, which often occur as a mixed infection, manifested by keratoconjunctivitis, rhinitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, catarrhal bronchopneumonia, often turning into interstitial with complications of conditionally pathogenic microflora.

A known method for the prevention of viral respiratory diseases of calves using adaptogenic agents and drugs that increase the resistance of the animal organism [1].

However, this method is time-consuming, involves multiple processing of animals both at the supplying enterprises and at the complex, in addition, the calf mortality within the first month after acquisition reaches 2.5%.

There is also a method of immunoprophylaxis of viral respiratory diseases of calves using hyperimmune, allogeneic serums and serum-convalescents [2, 3].

The main disadvantages of this method is the short duration of passive immunity is 10-14 days, multiple processing, laboriousness.

Known methods for the immunoprophylaxis of viral respiratory diseases of calves using monovalent and associated vaccines [4].

However, the effectiveness of these methods is low due to the presence in calves of colostral antibodies that block vaccine antigens, thereby preventing the formation of intense immunity.

The prototype of the invention is a method for the immunoprophylaxis of viral respiratory diseases of cattle, including immunization with a vaccine against parainfluenza-3 and infectious rhinotracheitis of cattle with dry culture associated, live, subcutaneous dose of 2 ml [5].

The disadvantage of this method is that the use of one vaccine does not allow to achieve a high level of antibody titers in the blood of cows and in colostrum, fed to newborn calves.

The technical result of the invention is improving the efficiency of immunization of viral respiratory diseases of calves.

The technical result is achieved by immunization of deep-shelled cows with a vaccine against parainfluenza-3 and infectious rhinotracheitis of cattle with dry culture associated, live with the simultaneous use of the drug "Ligfol", its repeated administration after 14 days and a single use of this drug to newborn calves.

Ligfol is a complex preparation, which contains humic acids obtained by hydrolysis of natural (wood) lignin, sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate, sodium chloride and demineralized water. The valeopositive effects of Ligfol are based on immuno-oxidative mechanisms, including antiradical activity in immunocompetent organs [6].

The method is as follows.

1.5 months before calving, they are immunized with a vaccine against parainfluenza-3 and infectious rhinotracheitis of cattle with dry culture associated, lively, subcutaneous, in the middle third of the neck at a dose of 2 ml, 5 ml Ligfol is administered once and simultaneously intramuscularly per animal, after 14 days, the drug is re-administered in the same dose. Calves obtained from these cows are injected with Ligfol at a dose of 2 ml once intramuscularly within 0.5-1.0 hours after birth.

Before use, the vaccine against parainfluenza-3 and infectious rhinotracheitis of cattle, dry culture associated, live is dissolved in sterile saline based on a single dose of the drug 2.0 ml of solution.

In the claimed technical solution, double administration of Ligfol cows in combination with immunization and single administration of the drug to newborn calves helped to stabilize the processes of free radical oxidation, enhance the protection of immunocompetent organs, create more intense specific immunity in deep-shelled cows before calving and form a high level of specific colostral immunity in calves, obtained from these cows.

The essence of the method is illustrated by examples.

Example 1. The rationale for the effectiveness of Ligfola for deep-cows.

On the farm, which was long dysfunctional in viral respiratory diseases of calves, proceeding as a mixed infection of parainfluenza-3 (PG-3) and infectious rhinotracheitis (IRT), 3 groups of 5 deep-shelled cows were selected.

The first (experimental) group consisted of cows, which were vaccinated 1.5 days before calving with a vaccine against parainfluenza-3 and infectious rhinotracheitis of cattle, dry, culture-associated, live, according to the instructions for use / 5 / with the simultaneous intramuscular injection of Ligfol in a dose of 5 ml per animal and its repeated administration in the same dose after 14 days.

The second group (basic version) included cows that were only immunized 1.5 months before calving with a vaccine against parainfluenza-3 and infectious rhinotracheitis of cattle, dry, culture-associated, live, according to the instructions for use.

To the cows of the third group (intact), no drugs were used or immunized.

For 2 months, the calves obtained from the above cows were clinically observed: body temperature, heart rate and respiratory movements were determined, appetite, the condition of the mucous membranes, sensitivity of the larynx, trachea and intercostal spaces were taken into account, the nature of coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, outflows from the nasal openings, severity of the course of the disease, periods of remission and relapse. The diagnosis of parainfluenza-3 and infectious rhinotracheitis was made on the basis of epizootological data, the results of clinical and laboratory studies.

The results of the experiment are presented in table 1.

From table 1 it is seen that the effectiveness of the prevention of viral respiratory diseases of calves when vaccinating dry cows in combination with Ligfol was 80%, with immunization without the drug - 60%. The incidence of calves obtained from unvaccinated cows was 80%. In calves of the first group, viral respiratory diseases proceeded in a mild form and they recovered earlier, in animals of the second group both in mild and moderately severe form, the latter were sick earlier than in the first group and the pathological process lasted longer.

The effect of immunization of cows in combination with Ligfol on the titer of specific colostral antibodies to the antigen of pathogens PG-3 in calves is presented in table 2.

table 2
Antiviral colostral antibody titers in calves during immunization of cows in combination with Ligfol Study Dates Groups of calves obtained from cows Antibody titers PG-3 pathogen antigen On 2-4 days of life 1st (Immunization + ligfol) 1: 254 2nd (Immunization) 1: 160 3rd (Intact) 1: 269 On the 14th day of life 1st (Immunization + ligfol) 1: 107.2 2nd (Immunization) 1: 69.65 3rd (Intact) 1: 52.7 On the 30th day of life 1st (Immunization + ligfol) 1: 113.2 2nd (Immunization) 1: 69.5 3rd (Intact) 1: 37.83

As can be seen from table 2, immunization of cows in combination with Ligfol contributed to the formation of a higher level of specific colostral immunity of calves and their lower incidence of respiratory infections.

Indicators of immune status in cows are presented in table 3.

Table 3
The effect of immunization of cows in combination with Ligfol on indicators of the immune status of cows Study Dates Groups of cows T-lymph.% B-lymph.% Ig G,
mg / ml Ig M, mg / ml Ig A, mg / ml Background before vaccination. 1st (Immunization + ligfol) 33.3 18.3 21.0 4.31 0.116 2nd (Immunization) 39.9 21.1 20.5 4.49 0.163 3rd (Intact) 30.09 17.7 23.6 3.37 0.134 1-2 days before calving 1st (Immunization + ligfol) 41.7 15.9 20.5 3.47 0,092 2nd (Immunization) 40.9 14.9 19.0 3.74 0.113 3rd (Intact) 44.6 8.8 18.6 2,38 0.139 3-6 days after calving 1st (Immunization + ligfol) 37.1 12,2 15.1 2.92 0,089 2nd (Immunization) 35,4 8.4 15.7 3.3 0.131 3rd (Intact) 31.1 11.1 15.4 2.05 0.121 13-16 days after calving 1st (Immunization + ligfol) 39.1 24.9 22.1 2.7 0.106 2nd (Immunization) 37.8 15.1 20.6 2.9 0.145 3rd (Intact) 40.8 16.6 23.8 1.93 0.147

In the first days after calving, as a result of pre- and postpartum stress, the cows of the intact group showed a significant decrease in the number of T cells, and it was insignificant in cows vaccinated in combination with Ligfol.

The use of Ligfol had a stabilizing effect on the content of lymphocytes in cows before calving and 2 weeks after giving birth.

The modulating effect of Ligfol on humoral immunity is observed against the background of a regular decrease in the classes of immunoglobulins in cows before calving. A less pronounced decrease in the content of immunoglobulins in animals compared with that in cows of the intact group is considered as a stimulating effect. In cows immunized with Ligfol, there is a transition from a primary to a secondary immune response, which is associated with stimulation of Ig G production and was associated with an increase in titers of vaccines. Indicators of immune status in calves are presented in table 4.

Table 4
The effect of immunization of cows in combination with Ligfol on indicators of the immune status in calves Study Dates Groups of calves obtained from cows T-lymph.% B-lymph.% Ig G, mg / ml Ig M, mg / ml Ig A, mg / ml Before drinking colostrum 1st (Immunization + ligfol) 27.5 10.6 0.568 0.103 0.0065 2nd (Immunization) 36.8 8.0 0,083 0,082 0.0046 3rd (Intact) 33,2 10.9 0.33 0.350 0.0079 On the 5th day of life 1st (Immunization + ligfol) 26.7 8.33 16.8 2.68 0.472 2nd (Immunization) 34.8 4.95 8.14 0.77 0.173 3rd (Intact) 24.6 6.48 13.04 1,62 0.316 30th day of life 1st (Immunization + ligfol) 41.5 5.5 11.53 0.74 0,042 2nd (Immunization) 35.3 5.60 4,52 0.55 0,035 3rd (Intact) 29.4 4.98 7.94 0.60 0,045

The table shows that Ligfol has a modulating effect on b-cell immunity in calves up to a month old, affecting not only the magnitude of the indicators, but also the stability of their dynamics. Ligfol also had a positive effect on humoral immunity. Thus, a higher immunobiochemical status in the mother cows of the experimental group had a positive effect on the state of cellular and humoral immunity in the offspring.

Example 2. The rationale for the use of Ligfol newborn calves.

On the farm, which was long in trouble for calf viral respiratory diseases, proceeding as a mixed infection caused by pathogens of parainfluenza-3 and infectious rhinotracheitis, 2 groups of 10 deep-shelled cows were selected.

The first (experimental) group included cows that were vaccinated 1.5 ml before calving with a vaccine against parainfluenza-3 and infectious rhinotracheitis of cattle, dry, culture-associated, live, according to the instructions for use with simultaneous intramuscular injection of Ligfol in a dose of 5 ml per animal and re-introducing it in the same dose after 14 days. Calves obtained from these cows were administered intramuscularly with Ligfol at a dose of 2.0 ml per animal within 0.5-1.0 hours after birth.

The second group (control) included cows, which were also immunized 1.5 months before calving with a vaccine against parainfluenza-3 and infectious rhinotracheitis of cattle, dry, culture-related, live, live, according to the instructions for use and twice used Ligfol, but the calves received from them the drug was not treated.

For experimental calves for 2 months conducted clinical observations according to the method of example 1.

The research results are presented in table 5.

The results presented in table 5 indicate that the immunization of viral respiratory diseases of calves using Ligfol for both cows and their calves was 90%, while the animals fell ill for 0.5 days later and recovered 1.5 days earlier, than calves not treated with Ligfol.

Example 3. Justification of effectiveness.

On the farm, which was for a long time unsuccessful for calf viral respiratory diseases, proceeding as a mixed infection caused by parainfluenza-3 and infectious rhinotracheitis pathogens, 2 groups of 35 deep-shelled cows were selected.

The cows of the first group were immunized 1.5 months before calving with a vaccine against parainfluenza-3 and infectious rhinotracheitis of cattle, dry, culture-associated, live, according to the instructions for use with the simultaneous administration of Ligfol in a dose of 5 ml per animal and its repeated administration in the same dose in 14 days. Calves obtained from these cows were administered intramuscularly with Ligfol at a dose of 2.0 ml per animal within 0.5-1.0 hours after birth.

The second (control) group of cows was also 1.5 months before calving immunized with the same vaccine as the animals of the first group, but without the use of Ligfol.

The results of the experiment are presented in table 6.

The data in table 6 show that the prophylactic effectiveness of the proposed method is 88.6%, and the known 77.1%. The calves that were treated immediately after birth with Ligfol 1.8 days later got sick with viral respiratory diseases and 8.6 days later recovered, animals with a severe course of the disease were not registered. The increase in body weight in them over 70 days was 5.7 kg more, compared with that of the calves of the control group.

Thus, an increase in the immune status of dry cows during their immunization in combination with Ligfol, which has an immunomodulating property, helps to create higher levels of colostral cellular and humoral immunity in newborn calves, which is the basis of their resistance to antigenic effects in the first days of life.

Information sources

1. Suleymanov S.M., Balutz P.I. A comprehensive prevention system for acute respiratory diseases of calves // Veterinary medicine, 1988, No. 2. - S. 55-59.

2. Efanova L.I., Saydullin E.T. Protective mechanisms of the body immunodiagnostics and immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases of animals / Under. ed. A.G. Shakhova. - Voronezh: VGAU, 2004 .-- S.187-188, 336.

3. Guidelines for the diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment of respiratory diseases of calves // approved by the General Directorate of Veterinary of the USSR State Agricultural Committee on 04/12/1987. - S. 14.

4. Urban V.P., Naimanov I.M. Diseases of young animals in industrial livestock. - M .: Kolos, 1984. - S.192-196.

5. The instruction on the use of vaccines against parainfluenza-3 and infectious rhinotracheitis of cattle dry culture associated (VIEV), live // Approved by the Department of Veterinary of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia 10.06.1996

6. Manual on the use of Ligfol as an adaptogen and stress corrector in veterinary medicine // Approved by the Department of Veterinary of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia on 3.05.2000 No. 13-4-03 / 0063.

Claims (1)

Method for immunological prophylaxis of viral respiratory diseases of calves, including immunization of deep-bovine cows with a vaccine against parainfluenza-3 and infectious rhinotracheitis of cattle with dry culture associated live animals at a dose of 2 ml, characterized in that Ligfol is additionally used according to the following scheme: 1.5 months before calving deep-bovine cows are immunized with a vaccine against parainfluenza-3 and infectious rhinotracheitis of cattle with dry culture associated, lively, and at the same time intramuscularly injected ny Ligfol 5 ml per animal; after 14 days, Ligfol is re-administered in the same dose; the calves obtained from these cows are injected with Ligfol in a dose of 2 ml once intramuscularly within 0.5-1 hours after birth.