RU226968U1 - Root and tuber crop chopper - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agriculture, is intended for grinding root tubers and can be used in individual farms and peasant households, as well as in the food industry. A root crop shredder containing a frame, a housing with a grinding chamber attached to it, a loading neck and an unloading window, as well as a gear motor with a drive shaft, the movement of the knife wall along the guides inside the body towards the shear support, which follows the shape of the working surface of the zigzag knife wall, is carried out by a crank - a connecting rod mechanism driven by a gear motor, the knives in the knife wall are located at a sliding angle of 30°, and additionally contains a mechanism for reciprocating movement of the knife wall along the 30° axis of the knives, including an electric motor installed on top of the zigzag knife wall, the housing in the upper part has a through slot along the width of the passage of the electric motor; the electric motor has two ends: shafts to which cranks are attached, connected to connecting rods moving in guides installed at an angle relative to the axis of the blades; the connecting rods are attached to the side plates of the zigzag knife wall through slots in the body; for reciprocating movement of the zigzag knife wall relative to the axis of the knives, its upper and lower plates are made double with spring shock absorbers installed in the spaces between each set of plates; a strain gauge cutting force sensor installed between the crank mechanism and the eyes of the cylindrical sliding bushing moving in the guide cylinder fixed on the rear side of the zigzag knife wall; control and automation unit located at the end of the housing. The technical result is the possibility of carrying out the process of cutting root crops with the implementation of various operating modes, their automated regulation on-line when operating the device under load.

Description

The utility model relates to agriculture, is intended for grinding root tubers and can be used in individual farms and peasant households, as well as in the food industry.

A device for grinding root tuber crops is known, containing a cylindrical body with the working parts of the chopper located inside, which are mounted on the rotor flange of the electric motor drive shaft and secured with movable pins, unloading and receiving hoppers, the working parts of the chopper are made in the form of two pairs of sickle-shaped knives and sharpening the cutting edges under an angle of 6...8°, on the surface of the knives there are holes in the form of triangles, and the cutting edges of two sickle-shaped knives relative to each other are directed in opposite directions, in addition, the working body of the chopper has an arc-shaped calibrator, which is installed flush with the knives and fixed obliquely to the surface of the opposite inner walls of the cylindrical body, the arc-shaped calibrator is equipped with a comb, which consists of metal rods with gaps in the form of calibration slits, the device is also additionally equipped with a guide partition located below the receiving hopper, which is installed obliquely on the inner end wall of the body (RF Patent No. 119575 , publication date 08/27/2012).

The disadvantage of the machine is the lack of clear jamming in the cutting zone. This drawback significantly affects the resulting quality of the finished product, namely, when cutting, the different-sized composition of the product fraction in terms of thickness predominates, as well as unequal thickness within a single instance of the fraction. As a result, the finished product contains, in addition to slices, a significant amount of pulp, consisting of juice residues and shavings, which makes it difficult to use the device in the food industry, where high demands are placed on the quality of the finished product.

A device is known for grinding root tuber crops, including a conveyor with hooks and a drive, as well as a set of knives installed parallel to each other, mounted above the conveyor, mounted on a frame with an inclination of 30...42° to the plane of the conveyor and forming a wedge in the horizontal plane with an angle of 70...135°, frame equipped with a top plate inclined towards the unloading of crushed material and installed with the ability to rotate relative to its front edge and fix in the working position with a safety device, the rear side posts of the frame are made with stops, the knives are made of two arms with holes between the shoulders and in the upper part of the knife and are installed on axes with the ability to change position in vertical planes, parallel to the direction of movement of the conveyor, the upper arms of the knives are interconnected by rods connected to a vibrator installed on the top plate of the frame, parallel to it, along the axis of the conveyor (RF Patent No. 2324329, publication date 05/20/2008 ).

The design of the machine does not allow real-time adjustment of cutting modes during operation, which provokes creasing of products under high loads, as well as at extreme loads - an emergency stop of the chopper itself. As can be seen from the description, it is only possible to regulate the speed of material supply to the knives by adjusting the gear ratio of the main drive by replacing the transmission pulleys, which cannot be done directly online during the implementation of the technological process, causing additional operating costs.

The prototype is a chopper of fruit and vegetable products, containing a frame, a housing with a grinding chamber attached to it, a loading neck and an unloading window, as well as a gear motor with a drive shaft, the movement of the knife wall along the guides inside the body towards the counter support, repeating the shape of the working surface of the zigzag knife walls, is carried out by a crank mechanism driven by a gear motor, while the knives in the knife wall are located at a sliding angle of 30° (RF Patent No. 129845, publication date 07/10/2013).

The disadvantage of the grinder is high energy consumption due to the fact that the movement of the knife wall is possible only in one plane, implementing only punch cutting by pushing. Sawing of the processed material with knives is carried out only by tilting the knives at a sliding angle, which is not enough when cutting the processed material with a predominance of rheological parameters such as viscosity and plasticity, which provoke high initial creasing of the material and an increase in the force for cutting it. In addition, there is no possibility of adjusting the operating modes and parameters of the device, including when operating directly in real time at various loads. This disadvantage makes it difficult to use the device inside a production line, requiring constant attention from the operator.

The technical problem is high energy costs when cutting root and tuber crops, an insufficient number of adjustable parameters when implementing various cutting modes, as well as the impossibility of adjusting them online during direct operation of the chopper at various loads.

The technical result is the possibility of carrying out the process of cutting root crops with the implementation of various operating modes, their automated regulation on-line when operating the device under load.

The technical result is achieved by a root crop shredder containing a frame, a housing with a grinding chamber attached to it, a loading neck and an unloading window, as well as a gear motor with a drive shaft, the movement of the knife wall along the guides inside the body towards a shear support that follows the shape of the working surface of the zigzag knife wall , is carried out by a crank mechanism driven by a gear motor, the knives in the knife wall are located at a sliding angle of 30°, and additionally contains a mechanism for reciprocating movement of the knife wall along the axis of the knives 30°, including an electric motor installed on top of the zigzag knife wall, the housing in the upper part has a through slot along the width of the passage of the electric motor, the electric motor has two ends of the shaft, to which cranks are attached, connected to connecting rods moving in guides installed at an angle relative to the axis of the blades, the connecting rods are attached to the side plates of the zigzag knife wall through slots in the body; for reciprocating movement of the zigzag knife wall relative to the axis of the knives, its upper and lower plates are made double with spring shock absorbers installed in the spaces between each set of plates; a strain gauge cutting force sensor installed between the crank mechanism and the eyes of the cylindrical sliding bushing moving in the guide cylinder fixed on the rear side of the zigzag knife wall; control and automation unit located at the end of the housing.

In fig. 1 shows a root and tuber crop chopper, general view; in fig. 2 - root and tuber crop chopper, top view; in fig. 3 - node 1, general view; in fig. 4 - zigzag knife wall, general view.

The device contains a frame 1, a housing 2 attached to it with a grinding chamber 3, a loading neck 4 and an unloading window 5, as well as a gear motor 6 with a drive shaft 7, a zigzag knife wall 8 moving along guides inside the housing 2 (not shown in the figures) ) towards the shear support 9 from the crank mechanism 10, knives 11 in the zigzag knife wall 8, located at a sliding angle of 30°, a mechanism for reciprocating movement 12 of the zigzag knife wall 8 along the axis of the knives 11, electric motor 13 installed on top of the zigzag knife wall walls 8, a through slot 14 in the upper part of the housing 2 along the width of the passage of the electric motor 13, the electric motor 13 has two ends 15 of the shaft 16 with cranks 17, connecting rods 18 and guides 19, mounted at an angle relative to the axis of the blades 11, connecting rods 19 are attached to the side plates 20 of the zigzag knife wall 8 through the slots 21 in the body 2; The upper 22 and lower 23 plates of the zigzag knife wall 8 have spring shock absorbers 24, a strain gauge 25 cutting force between the crank mechanism 10 and the eyes 26 of the cylindrical sliding sleeve 27 moving in the guide cylinder 28 on the rear side of the zigzag knife wall 8, a control unit and automation 29.

The device works as follows. Before starting work, the threshold force settings “A” and “B” were set in the control and automation unit 29. The processed material entered the grinding chamber 3 through the loading neck 4. By transmitting torque by the drive shaft 7 from the gear motor 6 to the crank mechanism 10, the zigzag knife wall 8 moved along guides (not shown in the figures) inside the housing 2 towards the counter support 9. The processed material penetrated through the zigzag knife wall 8, crushed into slices of the required thickness, and was removed through the discharge window 5. The applied cutting force was measured by a strain gauge sensor 25, was transmitted to the automation and control unit 29 in real time. When the threshold force “A” was reached and exceeded, the “A” operating mode was implemented, including the start of the electric motor 13 of the mechanism for reciprocating movement 12 of the zigzag knife wall 8 along the axis of the knives 11 in conjunction with horizontal movement from the gear motor 6. When and When the threshold force “B” was exceeded, operating mode “B” was carried out, the algorithm of which included separate operation of the mechanism for reciprocating movement 12 of the zigzag knife wall 8 along the axis of location of the knives 11 for sawing the material being processed without the participation of horizontal movement of the zigzag knife wall 8.

The use of additional reciprocating movement of the zigzag knife wall in the direction of the 30° axis of the knives creates a sawing effect, which together reduces the total force for cutting the material being processed. In addition, sawing using the implementation of the proposed modes with automated control and cutting force control via a strain gauge allows minimizing the initial creasing of the material, which also reduces energy costs and improves the quality of the finished crushed product.

The combination of the effects of the reciprocating movement of the zigzag knife wall in the direction of the 30° axis of the knives, as well as its horizontal movement, makes it possible to expand the number of adjustable parameters when implementing various cutting modes.

Combinations of the impact on the processed material of the reciprocating movement of the zigzag knife wall in the direction of the location of the 30° knife axis and its horizontal movement in combination with the use of a strain gauge cutting force sensor and an automation and control unit make it possible to create options for various cutting modes with their automated regulation in online mode at operation of the device.

Thus, a root crop shredder containing a frame, a housing with a grinding chamber mounted on it, a loading neck and an unloading window, as well as a gear motor with a drive shaft, the movement of the knife wall along the guides inside the body towards the counter support, which follows the shape of the working surface of the zigzag knife wall , is carried out by a crank mechanism driven by a gear motor, the knives in the knife wall are located at a sliding angle of 30°, additionally containing a mechanism for reciprocating movement of the knife wall along the axis of the knives 30°, including an electric motor installed on top of the zigzag knife wall , the housing in the upper part has a through slot along the width of the passage of the electric motor, the electric motor has two ends of the shaft, to which cranks are attached, connected to connecting rods moving in guides installed at an angle relative to the axis of the blades, the connecting rods are attached to the side plates of the zigzag knife wall through the slots in the body; for reciprocating movement of the zigzag knife wall relative to the axis of the knives, its upper and lower plates are made double with spring shock absorbers installed in the spaces between each set of plates; a strain gauge cutting force sensor installed between the crank mechanism and the eyes of the cylindrical sliding bushing moving in the guide cylinder fixed on the rear side of the zigzag knife wall; the control and automation unit located at the end of the housing provides a technical result - the ability to carry out the process of cutting root crops with the implementation of various operating modes, their automated regulation on-line when operating the device under load.

Claims (1)

A root crop shredder containing a frame, a housing with a grinding chamber attached to it, a loading neck and an unloading window, as well as a gear motor with a drive shaft, the movement of the knife wall along the guides inside the body towards the shear support, which follows the shape of the working surface of the zigzag knife wall, is carried out by a crank - a connecting rod mechanism driven by a gear motor, the knives in the knife wall are located at a sliding angle of 30°, characterized in that it additionally contains a mechanism for reciprocating movement of the knife wall along the axis of the knives 30°, including an electric motor installed on top of the zigzag knife walls, the housing in the upper part has a through slot along the width of the passage of the electric motor, the electric motor has two ends of the shaft, to which cranks are attached, connected to connecting rods moving in guides installed at an angle relative to the axis of the blades, the connecting rods are attached to the side plates of the zigzag knife wall through slots in the body; for reciprocating movement of the zigzag knife wall relative to the axis of the knives, its upper and lower plates are made double with spring shock absorbers installed in the spaces between each set of plates; a strain gauge cutting force sensor installed between the crank mechanism and the eyes of the cylindrical sliding sleeve moving in the guide cylinder fixed on the rear side of the zigzag knife wall; control and automation unit located at the end of the housing.

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