RU2226327C2 - Potato growing method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves simultaneously planting tubers and providing deep strip mellowing and tillage of interrows in row-forming sites by means of bar device so as to define mellow trapezium-shaped spaces for planting of potato tubers therein; leveling field surface; performing continuous pregermination separation of thread-shaped weed sprouts, with depth of each subsequent separation operation being gradually reduced; after appearance of full sprouts, providing deep mellowing of interrows and forming furrows and ridges, with potato sprouts being covered with additional soil layer; separating ridges to half of their height; mellowing interrows and covering with soil. EFFECT: increased yield and improved quality of potato plantings care procedure. 4 dwg

Description

Known methods of growing potatoes by intensive technologies, the description of which is given in the recommendations of specialists of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation [1] (Shirokikh A.P., Kryukov I.V. et al. Experience of growing potatoes by intensive technologies in the farms of the Russian Federation. - M., November 1990). It is mainly based on ridge landings using various machines and methods of cultivating the Dutch, Zavorovskaya, Astrakhan and others. The technology includes the main and pre-sowing tillage, making ridges and planting potatoes in the ridges, subsequent harrowing and loosening of row-spacing, processing with insecticides and herbicides. On clogged soils that are prone to compaction, it is not always possible to obtain a high potato crop using these technologies, since the cardinal temperatures of weed germination are 2-3 degrees, and for potatoes 8-10 degrees at the planting depth. Therefore, weeds sprout much faster before planting potatoes, and it is not possible to obtain clean, suitable for further mechanized work seedlings. The pre-emergence harrowing used does not provide high-quality protection of potatoes from weeds due to poor copying of the field surface in the beds, and the technology itself is very complicated due to the imperfection of existing machines and high prices for foreign equipment in Russia.

The purpose of the invention is improving the yield and quality of technology for the care of planting potatoes. This goal is achieved by the following set of technological operations:

a), figure 1

After the main combined cultivation of the soil in autumn and spring, simultaneously with the planting of tubers, deep non-moldboard strip loosening is carried out with special chisels equipped with round rods that exclude soil cutting and the formation of a plow sole. In this case, conical depressions 1 and trapezoidal loose spaces are formed 2. Simultaneously with deep loosening, potato tubers 3 are planted in the depressions 1, and the field surface is leveled. Operation a), figure 1 is performed by the plow rack 4 of a special design with a rod 5 pivotally connected to the rack.

b), figure 2

As potato weeds and tubers germinate, 2-3 soil separations are performed over the potato seedlings. At the same time, above the seedlings and in the aisles, a clean separated finely crumpled soil layer 6 is formed, from which all filiform seedlings of weeds are extracted. This operation is performed to a depth less than the depth of planting of tubers and ends 3-4 days before the emergence of potato seedlings. At the same time, the depth of each subsequent separation of the surface layer decreases, since the bulk of the potato seedlings increases and approaches the field surface and can be damaged by the separator rods. This operation is carried out by a special roller-separator of light design, which in one pass destroys more than 85% of filamentous seedlings of weeds from the entire treated layer and throws them to the field surface, where they lose contact with moist soil and quickly dry out.

c), figure 3

After the emergence of full sprouts of potatoes, deep row-spacing is loosened to form a loose layer 8 and simultaneously form furrows and ridges 9. In this case, the seedlings of the potato are sprinkled with an additional layer of soil Δh. After this treatment, the tubers give secondary roots and form a large root mass with the formation of an additional ovary of young potato tubers after flowering. This operation is performed by the hiller-ripper 10.

g), figure 4

After sprinkling seedlings, the upper part of the ridge is separated by half its height, along the transverse vertical profile a.b.c.d.e.f, destroying weeds in the phase of filiform seedlings and vegetation. At the same time, additional cultivation of row-spacings 11 below the depth of planting of tubers 3 is performed and the loose soil 13 row-spacings is falling asleep above the level of planting of tubers 3 to a depth of h. This allows the roots to further penetrate the aisles and form an additional amount of potato tubers in them. The operation is performed by a special working body, for example, a stand 14, equipped with a spring-loaded copying rod 15 or other rotating working bodies. The technology allows to increase the yield and quality of care for crops, reduce the cost of herbicides and mechanization for growing potatoes.

Claims (1)

A method of growing potatoes, including the operations of primary and pre-sowing tillage, cutting furrows and planting potato tubers in them, subsequent harrowing and hilling rows, characterized in that at the same time as planting at the row formation sites, deep strip loosening and row-spacing processing with a rod device with the formation of loose trapezoidal gaps in which potato tubers are planted and the field surface is leveled, then continuous pre-emergence separation of filamentous orostkov weeds with decreasing depth of each subsequent separation, then after the appearance of full shoots carried deep loosening row spacing and forming furrows and ridges, the potato sprouts sprinkled additional layer of soil ridges separated by half their height, aisle and loosened and covered with soil.

Images