RU2225346C2 - Tower crane and method of its mounting - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; materials handling facilities. SUBSTANCE: proposed tower crane contains tower, head and sectional boom. Upper and lower guys are connected with sections of boom and with head. Upper guy consists of inner and outer strands interconnected by post in its upper part. Lower end of post is connected with sections of boom in place of connection of sections. Link of lower guy, link of inner strand of upper guy and link of outer strand of upper guy as well as post are made for fixing in process of mounting of crane in position tilted to head by means of detachable appliance. For mounting the crane its tower with head is installed in vertical position. Root section of boom is lifted by mounting crane, is connected with tower and is fixed by means of lower guy. Then other section of boom is lifted, is connected with root section and is fixed by means of upper guy and post. Prior to mounting of boom sections, middle links of guys are fixed on sections of boom in horizontal position. Post, extreme links of lower guy, inner and outer strands of upper guy are fixed in position with tilting towards upper part of head. EFFECT: possibility of using extended-length booms of crane in confined spaces in cities. 3 cl, 18 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to tower cranes, to structures and methods for their installation mainly for operation in cramped urban conditions.

 Known tower crane containing a tower with a head, sectional boom with a suspension in the form of braces [I].

 The installation of the famous crane is carried out by sequentially installing the tower with the head upright, attaching the boom to the tower, which is then brought to the working position.

 In cramped urban conditions, the use of this crane with an extended boom is difficult due to the lack of the necessary space for assembling such an arrow on the ground, especially when dismantling the boom when the building is built.

 The closest technical solution to the claimed invention is a tower crane, including a tower with a head, connected to a tower boom, including a root section and docked to it at least one other section, the upper and lower braces associated with the sections of the boom and the head, each the calculus is made of articulated interconnected links, and the upper calculus is connected to the boom by means of a stand pivotally mounted on the boom at the junction of its sections.

 This design provides a method of mounting a tower crane, which consists in installing the tower with the head upright, raising the boom's root section and fixing it in a horizontal position, raising the other boom section and fixing it and the boom in the working position [II].

 The disadvantage of this design and method is that it is difficult to apply them in designs and methods of mounting heavier cranes having longer booms and higher towers, when other cranes with a large lifting capacity and a load lifting height are required to install such cranes.

 The technical problem to be solved is to increase the functionality of the crane by increasing the maximum reach when using the extended crane jib in cramped urban conditions.

 This problem is solved in that in a tower crane, including a tower with a head, a sectional boom mounted on the tower, having a root section and at least one other section attached to it, upper and lower braces, some ends of which are connected with boom sections, and others - with the head of the tower, while each calculation is made of articulated interconnected links, and at the junction of the root section and the other section of the boom, a rack is pivotally mounted, the upper end of which is connected to the upper calculation, which is made of internal of the lower and outer branches: the extreme links of the inner branch of the upper calculus and the extreme link of the lower calculus located on the side of the head, as well as the extreme link of the outer branch of the upper calculus located near the rack, and the rack are made with the possibility of their rotation and fixing in the frontal plane by means of fixing devices .

 The fixing device contains a mounting rope with a thimble on one end fixed to the root section of the boom near the head, one branch of the mounting rope is located along the boom section and is stored in a rope block attached to the opposite end of the section, the length of the other branch of the mounting rope is selected with the possibility of its stocking in the cable block of the mounting clip associated with the hook of the mounting crane, while the free end of the mounting cable is connected to the extreme link of the lower calculation, on which it can be fixed on m, the extreme link of the inner branch of the upper calculus is established, while the rack is connected to the root section by means of its own retainer.

 The design of such a tower crane provides a method for its installation, namely, that the tower with the head is installed in a vertical position, the boom’s root section is lifted, connected to the tower and fixed in a horizontal position, the other boom section is lifted, connected to the root section and fixed in the working position by means of the upper calculus and the rack, with which the links of the upper calculus are then connected, and before the operation of lifting the boom sections, the middle links of the braces are fixed on the boom sections in horizontal in the upright position, the rack is fixed in an inclined position toward the tip of the head, and the extreme links of the lower calculation, the inner and outer branches of the upper calculation, which are located on the side of the tip, are fixed in an inclined position towards the upper part of the tip.

 The described design features of the tower crane and the method of its installation allow the elements of its suspension (such as the strut and the links of the braces) to be installed on the ground before lifting the boom sections to the positions most convenient for their connection with the corresponding crane elements during installation, which made it possible to mount the crane when minimum labor intensity with maximally elongated boom made of section. The methods described above for preparing for mounting the boom section with its suspension elements in the positions closest to the mounting positions directly at the construction site require a relatively small space for laying out this section on the ground before lifting it.

 Together, these advantages allow you to mount a tower crane with a large load moment and an extended boom with minimal labor in dense urban areas, which allows you to expand the functionality of the crane by increasing its reach and expanding the service area.

 Figure 1 shows a tower crane in operating position.

 Figure 2 - tower crane during installation.

 Figure 3 is a section aa in figure 2.

 Figure 4 is a section bB in figure 2.

 Figure 5 - section bb in figure 4.

 Figure 6 - tower crane during installation with the horizontal position of the boom sections.

 In Fig.7 is a view of G in Fig.6.

 On Fig - section DD in Fig.6.

 In Fig.9 - node E in Fig.6.

 In FIG. 10-18 - the position of the nodes and elements of the tower crane during installation, explaining the method of installation of the crane.

 The tower crane (figure 1) includes a tower 1 with a head 2, on which the boom root section 3 is pivotally mounted, pivotally connected to the section 3 of at least one other boom section 4 and the end section 5 rigidly connected to the boom section 4.

 At the junction of sections 3 and 4 of the boom, a stand 6 is pivotally connected to the root section of the boom with a single-acting lock 7. Rack 6 is installed with the possibility of rotation in the frontal plane and fixation in the mounting predetermined position.

 Sections 3 and 4 of the arrow are connected to the head 2, respectively, by means of the lower calculation 8 and the upper calculation, including the inner and outer branches 9 and 10, respectively.

 The lower one calculated 8 and the branches 9 and 10 of the upper one made of rigid links 11 and 12 pivotally interconnected (Fig. 2), which can be rotated relative to each other.

 The rack 6 (figure 2) is pivotally mounted on the root section 3 (not shown), which is connected to the section 4 by a finger 13. In the upper part of the rack 6 are made rigidly connected supports 14 and 15 (figure 4) under the fingers 16 and 17 (Fig. 4 and 5) fastening to them the links 11 and 12 of the upper calculation. In the mounting state of the crane rack 6 occupies the position shown in Fig.6. The stand 6 is fixed in this position by the latch 7 on the root section of the boom.

 In the indicated position of the rack 6, the link 12 (Fig. 5) of the upper calculation, having a finger 17, which is mounted on the link 12, is fixed by the latch 19 (Fig. 8) on the rack 6.

 The latch 19 is made in the form of a rod entering the hole of the finger 17. The clamp rod 19 is fixed in the hole of the finger 17 and the holes of the supports 14 and 15 by the element 20. The catcher 18 (Figs. 4, 5 and 8) is made of plates 21 and 22, rigidly attached to the supports 14 and 15.

 Similarly to the described connection, the link 11 of the upper cleft is also connected to the stand 6 by means of the pin 16.

 In each plate 21 and 22, the aforementioned opening is made, forming a catcher 18. The finger 17 is fixed rigidly to the link 12 of the branch 10 of the upper calculus (Fig. 8) and freely enters the catcher 18 from the side of its pharynx.

 The lower one calculated 8 and the branch 9 of the upper one (Fig. 7) respectively have additional short links 23 and 24, by means of which the braces are connected to a finger 25 installed in the holes of the brackets 26 (Figs. 6 and 7), rigidly fixed in the upper part of the head 2 tower crane. Short links 23 and 24 of the braces are connected with the finger 25 with the possibility of their free rotation around the finger, and they are also connected with the link 8 and the last link of the branch 9 of the upper one by fingers 27 and 28 (Fig.7).

 The root section 3 (Fig. 9) of the boom is fixed to the supporting element 29 (Fig. 2) of the tower crane by means of the hinged support 30 (Fig. 9) of section 3. The support 30 is located in the socket 31 of the element 29 and is fixed therein with a clamp 32.

 The removable mounting device includes a removable thimble 33, mounted on the root section 3 (11) or on the boom section 4 (FIG. 15), a mounting rope 34. connected to the thimble 33 with one end thereof, one branch of the rope located along the boom section and stored in the cable block 35 fixed to section 3 of the boom (Fig. 11).

 When mounting section 4, the mounting cable 34 is installed on this section (Fig. 15). Another branch of the mounting rope 34 is stored in the rope block 36, mounted in a holder 37 (Fig.11). The other end of the assembly cable is connected with the link of the lower calculation 38 closest to the tip (Fig. 11) or the link of the upper calculation branch 10 closest to the rack (Fig. 15).

 The removable mounting device includes a chalk 39 (11 and 16), one branch of which on the side of the head is made longer than its other branch.

 Chalk 39 is connected to a cage 37, which is connected to a hook 40 of a mounting crane (not shown) used for mounting the described tower crane. The removable mounting device also includes a manual mounting winch 41 mounted on the head 2 or on the boom root section 3 (FIGS. 13 and 17).

 The tower crane is mounted as follows.

 Using the installation crane, the tower 1 with the tip 2 is installed in a vertical position (Fig. 10).

 Lay on the ground the root section 3 of the boom in a horizontal position (Fig. 11), place the lower calculation 8 on it, and on the lower calculation lay the links of the internal branch 9 of the upper calculation, one link of which is connected with finger 16 (Fig. 5) to the stand 6, which is fixed by a latch 17 in an inclined position toward the tip 1 (Fig. 11). Next, fix the links of the lower calculation and the internal branch of the upper calculation with each other and on the arrow from their lateral displacement by means of clamps (not shown), install the thimble 33 (Fig. 11) of the mounting device on the root section 3 of the arrow in the position of this section on the ground, skipping the mounting the rope 34 through the block 35, mounted on the root section 3 of the boom, and through the block 36, mounted in the holder 37 of the mounting device, and then the free end of the mounting cable 34 is connected with the leftmost link 38 of the lower calculation 8.

 Next, the root section 3 is moored with a chalk 39, one branch of which is made shorter than its other branch, the chalk 39 is connected to the clip 37, which is then connected to the hook 40 of the mounting crane.

 The root section 3 is lifted upward (Fig. 12), the mounting rope 34 is pulled, the link 38 of the lower brace rotates clockwise and rotates the leftmost link of the upper brace laid on it, which, turning, slides along the link 38.

 The root section 3 in a raised inclined position and the extreme links of the braces occupy the positions shown in Fig. 12. In an inclined position, the root section of the boom is transferred from the ground by the hook 40 of the mounting crane to the tower 1, the hinged support 30 of the root section is brought into the socket 31 (Figs. 14, 6 and 9) and the support 30 is fixed on the supporting element 29 of the tower 1 with a clamp 32.

 Then the thimble 33 (Fig.13) is connected to a manual mounting winch 41 mounted on the head 2 of the tower, disconnect the thimble 33 from the root section 3 of the arrow, pull or release the mounting rope 34 with a manual winch 41 and turn the link 38 of the lower calculation and the leftmost branch link 9, the upper one was calculated in the necessary direction until the holes of the mentioned links are aligned with the holes of the short links 23 and 24 (Figs. 7 and 13), and then the fingers 27 and 28 are inserted into the aligned holes. After that, the hook 40 is lowered and the root section 3 of the boom (Fig. 14) occupies a horizontal floor Then, the stand 6 is hooked by the hook 40 of the mounting crane, it is pulled clockwise and rotated to the vertical position shown by the dotted line, and then the stand 6 is fixed in this position by the lock 7. When the atom lock 7 prevents the stand from turning in the opposite direction.

 After the installation of the boom root section 3 on the tower 1, another boom section 4 is installed, which is joined with the boom root section 3 in the air.

 To facilitate docking, the following operations are performed. Lay the middle section 4 on the ground in a horizontal position (Fig. 15), fasten the thimble 33 of the mounting cable 34 on it, pass the latter through the cable block 42, mounted on the boom section 4, and connect the free end of the mounting cable through the cable block 36 of the cage 37 with the leftmost link 12 of the branch 10 of the upper one, they moor section 4 of the arrow with a block 39 (similar to that described above) and lift it with a hook 40.

 In this case, the leftmost link of the upper branch 10 is calculated and the boom section 4 occupy inclined positions (Fig. 16). In this position, the boom section 4 is brought to the boom root section 3, on which the hand winch 41 is pre-fixed, and the root section 3 and the boom section 4 are connected with the finger 13 (FIGS. 2 and 3).

 The leftmost link 12 of the branch 10 of the upper calculation (FIGS. 2, 5, 16 and 17) is connected to the stand 6 by releasing or pulling the mounting rope 34 with a winch 41, for which the throat 33 (FIGS. 6 and 15) is removed from section 4, connected it with a manual winch 41 and rotate the winch handle in the necessary direction until the finger 17 enters the catcher 18 (Fig.5). The boom section 4 is lowered to a horizontal position.

 Next, lower the hook 40 and the boom section 4 is horizontal. The stand 6 when lowering the section 4 freely rotates clockwise, the latch 7 single-acting does not prevent its rotation in the specified direction. The boom section 4 and all crane elements occupy the position shown in FIG. Next, the finger 17 is fixed in the supports 14 and 15 with a latch 19, which is inserted into the hole of the finger 17, and fixed with an element 20. In this position, the boom end section 5 is docked to the boom section 4 in a known manner (Fig. 1), if necessary .

 Thus, before the docking operations of the boom root section 3 with the tower 1 and another boom section 4 with the boom section 3, said sections (their connecting elements) are pre-installed on the ground in predetermined positions that facilitate installation. At the same time, the sectional mounting of the boom described above requires a place on the ground equal to the length of the longest section, and not the whole boom, which in dense urban areas solves the problem of installing a tower crane with a long boom in cramped construction conditions.

 As a result, the functionality of the crane increases, the scope of its application expands.

Sources of information
I. Copyright certificate of the USSR N 1744048, cl. B 66 C 23/34, 06/30/1992.

 II. FR 1389480 A, 11/07/1963.

Claims (3)

1. A tower crane including a tower with a head, a sectional boom connected to the tower, having a root section and connected to it by at least one other boom section, upper and lower braces, the ends of which are connected to the arrow sections and the head, while the upper made of two internal and external branches interconnected by means of a stand in its upper part, the lower end of which is connected to the boom sections at the junction of the sections, and each design is made of rigid links articulated to each other, distinct which is located on the head side of the lower part, the link of the inner branch of the upper part, the link of the external branch of the upper part and the rack are made with the possibility of their fixation during installation of the crane in an inclined position towards the tip of the head by means of a mounting removable device with which the lower part is connected she calculated, the link of the inner branch of the upper one calculated, the link of the external branch of the upper one, also counted. 2. The tower crane according to claim 1, characterized in that the mounting removable device is made in the form of a removable thimble fixed on the boom sections and a mounting rope connected to the thimble with one end thereof, while one branch of the mounting rope is located along the boom section and is fixed on it by means of a cable block mounted on the boom section, the length of the other branch of the mounting cable is selected with the possibility of its storage in the cable block of the mounting clip associated with the hook of the mounting crane, while the stand is connected to the root by means of a clamp of the mounting device. 3. The method of installation of a tower crane, which consists in the fact that the tower of the crane with the head is installed in a vertical position, raise the root section of the boom with a mounting crane and connect it to the tower, then raise another section of the arrow and connect it to the root section of the arrow, characterized in that the root section of the boom is fixed in the working position by means of the lower calculus, the other section of the boom is fixed in the working position by the upper calculus and the rack with which the links of the branches of the upper calculus are connected, and before the operation the installation of the root and other sections of the boom, the middle links of the braces are fixed on the sections of the boom in a horizontal position, and the rack, the extreme links of the lower braces, the inner and outer branches of the upper braces located on the side of the head are fixed in a position inclined towards the upper part of the head.

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