RU2175625C1 - Transport helicopter - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aviation; transport rotorcraft. SUBSTANCE: transport helicopter has fuselage consisting of nose and central parts, tail and end booms. Cargo compartment is located in center fuselage. Cargo hatch is located after compartment. Rectangular cargo hatch has semioval contour of lateral sides; it is located an angle relative to horizontal plane and its upper side is shifted towards end boom. Ramp articulated on sill of cargo compartment performs function of cargo ramp and door of cargo hatch. EFFECT: extended functional and operational capabilities of transport helicopter. 8 cl, 6 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of aviation, in particular to helicopter engineering, and can be used as transport rotary-wing aircraft for various transport operations.

 Known transport helicopter MI-8, containing the fuselage, the main and tail rotors, a power plant including two turboshaft engines, and a three-wheeled landing gear with a pair of unicycle main pillars oriented along the axis of the helicopter and a nose strut self-orientating with twin wheels. The fuselage consists of the bow and center parts, the tail and end beams. In the bow of the fuselage is the cockpit equipped with a weather radar and other navigation and flight instruments and helicopter controls. In the central part there is a cargo compartment with a sliding door on the left side of the fuselage. A cargo hatch with two opening flaps and retractable cargo ramps is made at the rear of the compartment. Under the tail boom is a Doppler speed meter and drift angle of the helicopter relative to its central axis. The helicopter is equipped with radio communications and external cable suspension of the cargo located inside the central part of the fuselage, as well as a heating furnace, which is installed outside the fuselage on its right side in its lower part at the level of the fuel tank (see Prince Isakson A.M. Soviet Helicopter Engineering. 2nd ed., Revised and enlarged - Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1981, p. 225-229). This analogue is taken as a prototype.

 The disadvantages of the known transport helicopter, taken as a prototype, are limited functional and operational capabilities, which are as follows. In order to load and unload, for example, wheeled vehicles, it is necessary to have ramps in the helicopter, which must be installed and put into the helicopter by any means, and they occupy a place in the cargo compartment. When the ramp is sloping, the Doppler speed and drift angle meter protruding from the tail boom creates certain difficulties in loading the equipment. If there is carry-on baggage or landing operations, the existing side door is narrow, and all work requiring a wide door is carried out through the cargo hatch, which reduces the efficiency of work. Radio units located in the central part of the fuselage occupy the area of the cargo compartment, and the weather radar located under the cockpit causes certain inconvenience in using it and servicing both it and other means. The lack of lighting on the helicopter during the landing of the helicopter or the difficulty of observing suspended loads during transportation and installation work reduces its operational capabilities. Other disadvantages are the limited number of seats for paratroopers in the presence of a large supply of helicopter power.

 Known methods of using a helicopter, consisting in the movement of bulky and long loads of several helicopters at once, coupled into a single air transport system (USSR copyright certificate N 1810231 A1. Helicopter, methods of its use and parking for it. MKI 5: B 64 C 27/06. . N 15, 04.23.93). A disadvantage of the known methods is the difficulty of controlling several helicopters at once when transporting goods.

 There is a method of transporting long loads by helicopter on an external cable suspension (see the book. Isakson A.M. Soviet Helicopter Engineering. 2nd ed., Revised and additional - M .: Mashinostroenie, 1981, p. 225-229).

 There is a method of using a transport helicopter, in which the airborne seats are placed in the cargo compartment of the helicopter in two rows along the sides of the fuselage and transported to a predetermined place with a large reserve of helicopter power (see Prince Isakson A.M. Soviet Helicopter Engineering. 2nd ed., revised and add. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1981, S. 225-229).

 These methods are taken as a prototype.

 The disadvantages of the known technical solutions adopted for the prototype are limited operational capabilities, namely, if there is sufficient helicopter power, it is possible to transport a small number of paratroopers, and in another embodiment, not all long products can be carried only on an external cable suspension, which requires a certain piloting difficulty and good weather conditions.

 The main task to which the claimed transport helicopter and methods of its use are directed is to expand the helicopter's functional and operational capabilities, including increasing the capacity of the number of paratroopers in the helicopter and the possibility of eliminating the use of an external cable suspension when transporting a certain part of long transported loads.

 The only technical result achieved in the implementation of the claimed group of inventions is the creation of a more advanced design of a transport helicopter, which can significantly expand its functional and operational capabilities and increase its efficiency.

 The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in a known transport helicopter containing a fuselage, consisting of a bow and a central part, a tail and an end beam, and in the nose of the fuselage are a weather radar and a cockpit with a viewing lamp, in which dashboards with navigation and flight control are placed instruments and helicopter controls, and in the central part there is a cargo compartment with an aperture and a sliding door on the left side of the fuselage, a cargo hatch is made behind the compartment, and on the tail boom a helicopter demolition speed meter, a rotor and a tail rotor, a power plant with two turboshaft engines, a three-wheeled chassis, including a pair of one-wheel main racks oriented along the central axis of the helicopter and a nose strut self-orientating with twin wheels, a heating stove installed outside the right side of the fuselage center , as well as radio communications and external cable suspension of the cargo, according to the proposed technical solution, the cargo hatch is made in a quadrangular shape with a floor an oval contour of the sides and is located at an angle to the horizontal plane with a shift of its upper side in the direction of the end beam, while on the threshold of the cargo compartment a ramp is pivotally mounted that performs the functions of a cargo ramp and a cargo door flap, with the possibility of turning it in a vertical plane from a tightly closed the cargo hatch to its open position with the ramp touching the helicopter landing surface, and the speed and drift angle meter is located inside the tail boom at the level of its lower edge; that a doorway is additionally made in the right side of the central part of the fuselage and a sliding door and an easily removable ladder are installed, located under the base of the doorway, and on the left side there is a door wider than the width of the additional door, and the helicopter’s heating furnace is located above the last; that the weather radar and radio communication units are located in front of the nose of the fuselage and are mounted on the whatnot in the center of the cockpit, the weather radar installed on the front wall of the whatnot and fenced outside with a radio-permeable fairing with the possibility of lifting it upwards by rotation in a vertical plane around the upper boundary of the fairing, mounted on the bow below the visibility lamp, and between the whatnot and the dashboards of the cockpit there is a crew biosecurity screen; that from the bottom of the central part of the fuselage at the level of the nose landing gear with an offset to the left, a searchlight is installed with the possibility of scanning a light beam to the nose landing gear, controlled from the cockpit; that mirrors are installed along the sides of the nose of the fuselage at the level of the lower boundary of the cockpit lantern to monitor the load suspended on the external cable suspension; that it is equipped with attachment units for the emergency splashdown system located on the nose of the fuselage and the axles of the wheels of the main landing gear, for which the axles are made with a length that extends beyond the wheels to the length of the attachment unit for the emergency splashdown system.

 The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method, which consists in transporting long products according to the proposed technical solution, long products are placed in the cargo compartment of the central part of the fuselage, for which the helicopter ramp is installed and fixed in the plane of the cargo floor, and the products are fixed as on the cargo compartment floor and on the inside of the ramp.

 The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method, which consists in placing the landing gear in the cargo compartment of the transport helicopter in two rows along the sides of the fuselage and transporting the paratroopers on them, according to the proposed technical solution, a row of seats and paratroopers is additionally located in the cargo compartment along the central axis of the fuselage placed in three rows, for which the landing seats are made with less depth.

 The analysis of the prior art cited by the applicant made it possible to establish that there are no analogs characterized by sets of features identical to all the features of the declared transport helicopter and methods of its use. Therefore, each of the claimed technical solutions meets the condition of patentability "novelty."

 The search results for known solutions in the art, in order to identify features that match the distinctive features of the prototypes of each of the proposed technical solutions, showed that they do not follow explicitly from the prior art. From the prior art determined by the applicant, the influence of the transformations provided for by the essential features of each of the claimed technical solutions on the achievement of the specified technical result is not revealed. Therefore, each of the claimed technical solutions meets the condition of patentability "inventive step".

 In the present application for the grant of a patent, the requirement of unity of invention is met, since a transport helicopter and methods of its use are intended to solve the same problem - expanding the functional and operational capabilities of an aircraft.

 In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the appearance of a helicopter on the right with a closed ramp; in FIG. 2 - the same, on the left with an open ramp; in FIG. 3 - the same, in front with an external cable suspension; in FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of the bow; in FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view of a helicopter with the placement of long products; in FIG. 6 - plan for the placement of landing troops.

 A transport helicopter contains a fuselage 1, carrying 2 and steering 3 screws, a power unit including two turboshaft engines 4, and a three-wheeled landing gear, including a pair of main struts 5 oriented along the axis of the fuselage and a nose strut self-orientating with dual wheels 6. Fuselage 1 consists of a bow 7 and central 8 parts, tail 9 and end 10 beams. In the central part 8 there is a cargo compartment 11 with an additional opening and a sliding door 12 on the starboard side of the fuselage 1. Under the base of the opening of the door 12 there is an easily removable ladder 13. A heating furnace 14 is located above the opening of the door 12. A cargo compartment is made behind the cargo compartment 11 under the tail boom 9 the hatch 15, which is made in a quadrangular shape with a semi-oval contour of the sides and is located at an angle α to the horizontal plane with a shift of its upper side 16 in the direction of the end beam 10. Inside the tail beam 9 at the level of the bottom edge of its sheathing is a speed meter and drift angle 17 of the helicopter (Fig. 1). In the bow 7 of the fuselage 1 there is a crew cabin 18 with a viewing light 19. A door 20 with a width greater than the width of the door 12 is installed on the left side of the fuselage 1. A ramp 22 is pivotally mounted on the threshold 21 of the cargo compartment 11, which acts as a cargo ramp and a shutter for the cargo hatch 15 , with the possibility of turning it in a vertical plane from the closed position of the cargo hatch to the open with touching surface 23 of the landing of the helicopter and vice versa by means of a hydraulic actuator (Fig. 2). From the bottom of the nose part 7 of the fuselage 1, a searchlight 24 is mounted parallel to the nose strut 6 of the chassis with an offset to the left, with the possibility of scanning a beam of light to the nose strut 6, made from the cockpit 18. The helicopter is equipped with an external cable suspension 25 of the cargo and attachment points 26 of the emergency splashdown system. On the sides of the bow 7 of the fuselage 1, in front of the lantern 19 of the cockpit 18, mirrors 27 are installed to monitor the load 28 suspended on the external cable suspension 25 from the helicopter (Fig. 3). In the cabin 18 there are dashboards 29 with navigation and flight instruments and helicopter controls. In front of the cabin 18 there is a weather radar 30 and blocks of radio communications 31 installed on the shelf 32 in the center of the cockpit 18, and are surrounded by a radio-permeable cowl 33. A crew biosecurity screen 34 is placed between the shelf 32 and the instrument boards 29. The weather radar 30 is mounted on the front wall 35 of the shelf 32. The cowl 33 is mounted on the bow 7 with the possibility of lifting it up by rotation in a vertical plane around the upper border 36 of the cowl 33 (Fig. 4).

 The use of a transport helicopter for transporting lengthy products consists in the fact that long products 37 are placed in the cargo compartment 11 of the central part 8 of the fuselage 1, while the ramp 22 is installed and fixed in the plane of the floor of the cargo compartment 11, and the products 37 are fixed as on the floor of the cargo compartment 11 , and on the inside of the ramp 22 (Fig. 5).

 When using a transport helicopter in the airborne variant in the cargo compartment 11, the airborne seats 38 are installed both along the sides and along the central axis 39 of the fuselage 1, on which paratroopers are placed in three rows, for which the airborne seats 38 are made with less depth (Fig. 6) .

 Transport helicopter operates as follows.

 In the parking lot of the helicopter, the cargo hatch 15 is opened, for which the ramp 22 is lowered by the upper side 16 by means of a hydraulic actuator downward by turning it in a vertical plane until it touches the landing surface 23 of the helicopter. Oversized cargo, for example, landing equipment, is loaded through the cargo hatch 15 into the cargo compartment 11 of the fuselage 1 through ramp 22. The right sliding door 12 is displaced in the direction of the tail boom 9 and the personnel serving the helicopter enters the cargo compartment 11 through the opening of the door 13 through the opening of the door 12, receives the cargo and moors it on the floor in the cargo compartment. The left sliding door 20 is also displaced in the direction of the tail boom 9 and an additional bulky cargo is loaded into the cargo compartment 11 through the opening of this door. After loading, the ramp 22 is hydraulically lifted up by turning it in a vertical plane until the cargo hatch is tightly closed 15. Then the ground staff leaves the helicopter through door 12 and the easy-to-detachable ladder 13, the right 12 and left 20 doors are closed, the carrier 2 and steering 3 screws are launched, after which the helicopter rises into the air and moves to a predetermined landing site. During the flight, a weather radar 30, a speed meter and a drift angle meter 17 of the helicopter and navigation and flight instruments on the instrument boards 29 are operated, and the flight of the helicopter is controlled by the crew from the cockpit 18 using the controls located in it. The biosecurity of the crew from electromagnetic radiation from the weather radar 30 and radio communications 31 is carried out by means of a screen 34 located between the whatnot 32 and the dashboards 30. During routine inspection and maintenance of the helicopter, the fairing 33 is deflected in a vertical plane around the upper boundary 36 and access to the weather radar 30 and blocks of radio communications 31. After carrying out certain work in the reverse order install fairing 33.

 To land and move the helicopter with poor visibility of the surface 23, the searchlight 24 is turned on and, scanning it from the cockpit 18, the place of landing of the helicopter or its movement on the surface 23 is determined.

 During the transport of goods on the external cable suspension 25 or installation work, the helicopter crew monitors the cargo 28 from the cabin 18 through the glass of the viewing lamp 19 through mirrors 27 oriented by light reflection to the suspended load 28 fixed on the external cable suspension 25.

 Examples of the use of a transport helicopter.

 Example 1. A transport helicopter of this design is used to transfer equipment, for example, exploration lot. Oversized cargo 37, such as a drilling rig, is placed in the cargo compartment 11, the ramp 22 is raised to the floor level of the cargo compartment 11, the cargo 37 is fixed and fixed on the floor of the cargo compartment 11 and on the inside of the ramp 22. After which the helicopter is sent to the indicated landing place, where the helicopter is unloaded, the ramp 22 rises and closes the cargo hatch 15.

 Example 2. A transport helicopter is used to transfer a certain landing force with a large number of people. In this case, the airborne seats 38 are placed in the cargo compartment 11 of the helicopter in three rows, on which the entire landing force, for example, of 36 people, is placed and transferred by air to the desired landing site. All additional equipment and means of flight installed on the helicopter are used to ensure the reliability and safety of flight and helicopter landing.

 All the necessary design documentation was developed for the presented design of the transport helicopter and a prototype was made, and the technology of using the transport helicopter for transporting large-sized items and paratroopers over the air over long distances passed practical tests and obtained permissions from the corresponding aviation structures.

Claims (8)

1. A transport helicopter containing a fuselage consisting of a bow and a central part, a tail and an end beam, and in the bow of the fuselage there is a crew cabin with a viewing light, in which dashboards with navigation and flight instruments and helicopter controls are placed, and in the central of the part there is a cargo compartment with an aperture and a sliding door on the left side of the fuselage, a cargo hatch is made at the back of the compartment, the helicopter also contains a speed and drift angle meter, bearing and tail rotors, and a power plant with two I have turbo engines, a landing gear, including a pair of unicycle main struts oriented along the central axis of the helicopter and a nose strut self-orientating with dual wheels, a heating stove installed outside the right side of the central part of the fuselage, as well as radio communications and an external cargo cable suspension, characterized in that the cargo hatch is made in a quadrangular shape with a semi-oval contour of the sides and is located at an angle to the horizontal plane with an offset of the upper
its sides in the direction of the end beam, while on the threshold of the cargo compartment a ramp is pivotally mounted that performs the functions of a cargo ramp and a cargo hatch flap, with the possibility of turning in a vertical plane from a tightly closed cargo hatch to its open position by touching the ramp of the helicopter landing surface, and the meter speed and drift angle is located inside the tail boom at the level of its lower edge.  2. The transport helicopter according to claim 1, characterized in that in the right side of the central part of the fuselage a doorway is additionally made and a sliding door and an easy-to-detachable ladder located under the base of the doorway are installed, while the helicopter’s heating furnace is located above the door and the door is on the left the board is made wider than the doorway in the starboard side.  3. The transport helicopter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the weather radar and radio communication units are located in front of the nose of the fuselage, are placed on the whatnot in the center of the cockpit (and the weather radar is installed on the front wall of the whatnot) and are fenced outside with a radio-permeable fairing with the possibility of lifting it is upward by rotation around the upper boundary of the fairing, mounted on the bow below the visibility lamp, and between the whatnot and the dashboards of the cabin there is a biosecurity screen for the crew.  4. A transport helicopter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a searchlight is mounted below the center of the fuselage at the level of the nose landing gear with a left shift to scan the light beam to the nose landing gear, controlled from the cockpit.  5. A transport helicopter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that on the sides of the nose of the fuselage at the level of the lower boundary of the lantern of the cockpit there are mirrors for observing the load suspended on an external cable suspension.  6. A transport helicopter according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is equipped with emergency landing gear attachment units located on the nose of the fuselage and the axles of the wheels of the main landing gear, for which the axles are made in length extending beyond the wheels by the length of the assembly fastening of the emergency splashdown system.  7. A transport helicopter according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the ramp is made with the possibility of fixation in the plane of the cargo floor for fastening and transferring long products in the cargo compartment of the central part of the fuselage.  8. A transport helicopter according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the cargo compartment is configured to accommodate airborne seats both along the sides and along the central axis of the fuselage to accommodate paratroopers in three rows.

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