RU210148U1 - Device for monitoring outdoor air pollution with particulate matter - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to devices for monitoring outdoor air pollution with particulate matter and techniques for measuring their dispersion composition. The device can be used for qualitative and quantitative assessment of outdoor air pollution with solid particles. The scope of the utility model is the environmental control of a separate air basin and the sanitary and hygienic situation of working, industrial and residential areas. As well as control of pollution by solid particles of ventilation emissions of gas and solid fuel boilers, coal, metallurgical production. The technical objective of the utility model is to expand the functionality, versatility of the device for monitoring the state of outdoor air pollution with solid particles, ensuring the efficiency, reliability and unambiguity of assessing the state of the air. The design of the device for monitoring outdoor air pollution with solid particles consists of a cyclone dust collector in which the outdoor air intake is sequentially placed; housing, cassettes for installing a particulate detector and an analytical filter, a stepping motor, a heater, sensors: mass air flow, atmospheric air pressure, temperature, analytical filter clogging, air humidity, strain gauge, centrifugal (radial) fan, single-board computer, graphic output device data, satellite modem.

Description

The utility model relates to devices for monitoring outdoor air pollution with particulate matter and techniques for measuring their dispersion composition. The device can be used for qualitative and quantitative assessment of outdoor air pollution with solid particles. The scope of the utility model is the environmental control of a separate air basin and the sanitary and hygienic situation of working, industrial and residential areas. As well as control of pollution by solid particles of ventilation emissions of gas and solid fuel boilers, coal, metallurgical production.

An absorption device for capturing air pollution is known (RF patent for invention No. 2 006 020, publ. 15.01.1994 (analogue)) containing a container partially filled with absorbing liquid for interaction between air flows and absorbing liquid, made in the form of a hollow vertically mounted cylinder with a bottom, an inlet pipe for supplying the analyzed air directed tangentially into the cylinder, a nozzle mounted at the outlet end of the inlet pipe for spraying the absorbing liquid with the flow of the analyzed air and a discharge pipe, according to the invention, the bottom of the tank is made with a protrusion located in the cavity of the cylinder along its central axis, the nozzle is made vacuum ejection, and its axis is located below the initial level of the absorbing liquid.

In addition, the lower part of the container has the shape of a half of the inner surface of a round torus, and the protrusion of its bottom is the shape of a cylinder with a rounded top with a ratio of the height of the bottom protrusion to its diameter of at least two.

The nozzle is made with a diameter not less than half the distance between the inner surface of the container cylinder and the bottom protrusion.

Under the influence of the analyzed air leaving the nozzle with the liquid sprayed in it, the liquid flow circulates along the annular gap and runs onto the nozzle from the back side.

The disadvantages of the known invention (RF patent for the invention No. 2 006 020, publ. 01/15/1994) include: the absence of a system for detecting and identifying solid particles, the use of a special absorbing liquid for their deposition, which complicates the design of the device and reduces the reliability of quantitative and qualitative assessment the content of particulate matter in the air. In addition, the device does not automatically determine the dispersed and fractional composition of particles, their mass in the volume of the pumped air medium. In addition, the device cannot be used at negative air temperatures, due to an increase in the viscosity of the liquid and/or its freezing.

A device for multi-product separation of solid particles (powders) of the gravitational type with bulk shelves [Mizonov V.E., Ushakov S.G. Aerodynamic classification of powders. M.: Chemistry, 1989, 160 p.] (prototype). In it, parallel to each other, with a shift in height, several classifiers are mounted, and the coarse product of the previous classifier is the source for the next one. The disadvantage of such a combination of devices is the presence of a whole set of solid particle trapping systems (for each of the separated fractions). In addition, in each column it is necessary to provide an independent controlled flow of air and provide for its own system of sedimentation of solid particles, however, in this case, the process will certainly not be efficient, and the disadvantage associated with the plurality of systems for trapping solid particles will remain. In addition, multi-product gravity devices for sedimentation of solid particles from air have low productivity, especially for separating solid particles smaller than 100 microns. Multi-product gravitational device for separating solid particles, taken as a prototype, due to the fact that one of the separation forces is the gravity of the particle, the acceleration of which is constant and equal to the acceleration of free fall, has a large separation boundary of solid particles, the lower limit of which is from 50 to 500 µm. This is an insufficient condition for assessing the reliability of the quality of determining the dispersion composition of particles, since the lower limit of the size of solid particles near industrial enterprises and urban areas is about 4 μm.

The disadvantage of the prototype is: the high complexity of determining the fractional composition of solid particles (due to the use of manual weighing of solid particles), the lack of automation of air control and devices for determining the morphological composition of solid particles, high metal consumption and technical complexity of the device design.

In addition, the device is stationary, which does not predetermine its use as an operational means of controlling air pollution with particulate matter, for example, for monitoring the air situation in industrial enterprises and/or urban areas.

The utility model is based on a technical problem, which consists in a comprehensive expansion of the functionality, versatility of a device for monitoring the state of outdoor air pollution with solid particles, ensuring efficiency, reliability and unambiguity of assessing the state of the air.

The solution of this problem is achieved by the fact that, according to the utility model, a device for monitoring outdoor air pollution with solid particles, containing a cyclone dust collector, a housing with a centrifugal (radial) fan and a stepper motor installed in it, a cassette with a CMOS matrix installed in it and sources of coherent radiation with lenses, a cassette with an analytical filter, on which a strain gauge is fixed to measure the mass of solid particles and a clogging sensor of the analytical filter, an outdoor air intake, in which sensors are placed: atmospheric air pressure, outdoor air humidity, outdoor air temperature and air in the cyclone, mass flow rate of pumped air, air dryer, in addition, the device is equipped with pitched plates for dumping solid particles from the walls of the cyclone dust collector, while the device for monitoring outdoor air pollution with solid particles can function as a discrete, and in continuous modes, while the monitoring sensors are installed with the ability to transmit signals to a single-board computer via a secure communication channel, in addition, the device is equipped with an independent power supply for autonomous operation.

A cyclone dust collector, in the design of the device, is necessary for the centrifugal separation of solid particles in the air. The cyclone filter allows sedimentation of solid particles ranging in size from 5 to 100 microns.

To improve the functionality of the proposed device, it uses an analytical filter that retains solid particles smaller than 30 microns. As an analytical filter, for example, an analytical aerosol filter (APA) made of FPP fabric (Petryanov perchlorovinyl filter) can be used. Measurement of the mass of solid particles is carried out by a strain gauge attached to the analytical filter. The use of a tensometric sensor makes it possible to judge the amount of solid particles in the air by the difference in the mass of the filter, before and after taking an air sample.

The solid particle detector consists of coherent radiation sources placed in parallel, lenses that scatter coherent radiation, a light-sensitive matrix based on CMOS technology (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) is used as a recording device - a matrix using field-effect transistors with an insulated gate and channels different conductivity. The use of a CMOS matrix causes the conversion of light reflected from a solid particle into an electrical signal, followed by its visualization in a user-friendly form. The use of a CMOS matrix in the design of the device contributes to obtaining a detailed and contrast image of solid particles in the air, which makes it possible to accurately and unambiguously recognize their morphology and granulometric composition.

The use of coherent radiation sources makes it possible to improve the quality and accuracy of object recognition (solid particles) obtained by the CMOS image - matrix.

Lenses installed in the particulate detector increase the coherent radiation scattering zone on the CMOS matrix, this avoids gaps in the determination of particulate matter contained in the air. In addition, lenses installed in the particulate detector increase the contrast of coherent radiation and eliminate the appearance of optical distortions, the formation of shadows and flare on the CMOS matrix.

The task of a comprehensive expansion of the functionality of a device for monitoring outdoor air pollution with particulate matter is achieved by using, in particular, mass sensors and a particulate detector

The task of efficient monitoring of outdoor air pollution with particulate matter is achieved by collecting information (including instantaneous) from the sensors of the device about the actual state of the outdoor air environment and digital processing of this information in a single-board computer, followed by displaying actual information about air pollution with particulate particles on a graphical device. displaying data in a user-friendly manner or transmitting information on particulate air pollution to a remote user via a satellite modem.

The task of reliability and unambiguity in assessing the contamination of the external air with solid particles is achieved by using sensors with known characteristics. In addition, the use of sensors in the design of the device: atmospheric air pressure, air humidity, temperature of the outdoor air and air in the cyclone, mass flow of the pumped air makes it possible to determine the contamination of the outdoor air with solid particles under constant measurement conditions.

The task of universality of the device for monitoring outdoor air pollution with particulate matter is achieved by using a mass sensor and a particulate detector in the design of the device, which allows, in a significant range, to determine the concentration of particulate matter in the outdoor air.

The proposed design of the device for monitoring outdoor air pollution with particulate matter allows you to comprehensively implement a combination of the advantages of optical, gravimetric, counting methods for determining the content of particulate matter in the air. The use of a CMOS matrix and coherent radiation in the design of the device ensures the achievement of the necessary technical result - an increase in the accuracy of measurements to sizes of solid particles in air of at least 1 micron. This makes it possible to use the developed device for metrological support of subnanometer technologies.

The technical essence of the proposed design of the device is illustrated by an illustration (figure), which shows a schematic diagram of a device for monitoring outdoor air pollution with solid particles.

The drawing adopted the following designations: 1 - cyclone dust collector; 2 - outside air intake; 3 - case of cassettes; 4 - cassette; 5 - analytical filter; 6 - cassette; 7 - body; 8 - body; 9 - lens; 10 - CMOS matrix; I - source of coherent radiation; 12 - pitched plate; 13 - stepper motor; 14 - electromagnet; 15 - heater; 16 - mass air flow sensor; 17 - atmospheric air pressure sensor; 18 - temperature sensor; 19 - analytical filter clogging sensor; 20 - air humidity sensor; 21 - load cell; 22 - centrifugal (radial) fan, 23 - single-board computer, 24 - graphical data output device, 25 - satellite modem, 26 - independent power supply (electric battery), 27 - remote user (environment monitoring service server).

The proposed design of the device for monitoring outdoor air pollution with solid particles consists of a cyclone dust collector 1, in which the outdoor air intake 2 is placed in series; cassette body 3; cassette 4; analytical filter 5; cassette 6; building 7; building 8; lens 9; CMOS matrix 10; source of coherent radiation 11; pitched plate 12; stepper motor 13; electromagnet 14; heater 15; mass air flow sensor 16; atmospheric air pressure sensor 17; temperature sensor 18; analytical filter clogging sensor 19; air humidity sensor 20; load cell 21; centrifugal (radial) fan 22, single board computer 23, graphic output device 24, satellite modem 25, independent power supply (electric battery) 26, remote user (environment monitoring service server) 27.

Centrifugal (radial) fan 22 is designed to supply a given and / or required normalized volume of air through a cyclone dust collector 1. Cases 7 and 8 are placed in the cassette 6, in which coherent radiation sources 11 and a CMOS matrix 10 are located. Light from coherent radiation sources 11 is scattered by lenses 9, the solid particle is fixed by the CMOS matrix 10. The CMOS matrix 10 is designed to identify and evaluate the morphology of solid particles. The pitched plates 12 are intended for collecting solid particles from the walls of the cyclone dust collector 1 and for further moving them into cassettes 6 and 7 for identification, morphology and weight assessment. The pitched plates are driven by an electromagnet 14. A heater 15 is installed in the outside air intake 2, designed to dry the outside air entering the cyclone dust collector. The following are installed in the air intake 2: mass air flow sensor 16, atmospheric air pressure sensor 17, temperature sensor 18, air humidity sensor 20.

The use of mass air flow sensor 16 in the design of the device is predetermined by the need to control the passage of a certain and/or required volume of air through the device.

Atmospheric air pressure sensor 17 is designed to control the pressure of atmospheric air entering the cyclone dust collector in order to reduce the methodological error when creating a vacuum in the cyclone dust collector 1

The temperature sensor 18 is designed to determine the temperature of the incoming air. The use of the temperature sensor 18 is determined by the need to assess the state of the air at positive and/or negative outdoor temperatures.

An analytical filter 5 is installed in the cassette 6. The analytical filter 5 is designed to precipitate solid particles from the ambient air, and the measurement of the weight control of solid particles is carried out by a strain gauge 21. The clogging of the analytical filter is controlled by a sensor 19.

The necessary air discharge in the cyclone dust collector 1 is carried out using a centrifugal fan 22 from a stepper motor 13. The use of a stepper motor is due to the accuracy of its rotation speed, and, accordingly, the air pumped through the device.

The design of the device for monitoring outdoor air pollution with solid particles includes an electronic unit for recording and processing signals from sensors 16-18, 19-21. A single-board computer can be used as an electronic registration and processing unit. The single-board computer 23 performs the function of controlling the device by collecting and mathematically processing information from the sensors 16-18, 19-21 and generating a control signal to the stepper motor 13 or heater 15. In addition, the single-board computer 23 transmits data on air pollution with solid particles to the device graphic output 24 and/or via satellite modem 25 to remote user 27. In addition, single board computer 23 has means of feedback with sensors 16-18, 19-21, graphic output device 24 and remote user 27. Remote user 27 via satellite modem 25 has the ability to control a single-board computer 23. Namely, for example, the functions of: remote device on/off, installation and updating of software, diagnosing the operable state of sensors 16 - 18, 19-21.

Sensors 16-18,19-21 can be combined into one network and transmit a signal to a single-board computer 23 in a continuous and/or discrete mode.

Data transmission from sensors 16 - 18, 19 - 21 can be carried out on a single-board computer using a wired or wireless secure communication channel. The transmission of information to the graphical data output device 24 from a single-board computer 23 can be carried out via a wired or wireless secure communication channel. In addition, the transmission of diagnostic information from the single board computer 24 to the remote user 27 (environment monitoring service server) can be carried out via a satellite modem 25.

Software can be installed in the single-board computer 23, which contains, in the form of a database, parameters and their corresponding values of permissible and limit values, which forms a database of signals from sensors, and also allows processing signals from sensors and assessing air pollution with particulate matter. .

The device for monitoring outdoor air pollution with solid particles is equipped with an independent power supply (electric battery) 26, which allows it to be operated offline.

The principle of operation of the device for monitoring outdoor air pollution with particulate matter is as follows. The single-board computer 23 generates a control signal to start, at a certain speed, the shaft of the stepper motor 13 with a centrifugal (radial) fan 22 installed on it. sedimentation of solid particles on the sloped plates 12. When the sloped plates 12 are vibrated by electromagnets 14, solid particles pass through the cassette 4. The cassette 6 contains a CMOS matrix 10 and sources of coherent radiation 11 with lenses 9. Then the solid particles pass through the cassette 6 and settle on the analytical filter 5.

Device operation in discrete mode.

The algorithm for assessing the state of the air environment in the form of a digital program code is stored in the memory of a single-board computer. For example, the assessment of the state of atmospheric air can be carried out at a given (required / required / scheduled) time. A certain volume of air is pumped through the device, for example, until the analytical filter is clogged, or a certain volume of air is pumped.

If during the assessment of the state of the air environment a deviation of the maximum permissible concentration of particulate matter is recorded, the single-board computer broadcasts a warning about an unfavorable sanitary situation to the remote user.

Operation of the device in continuous mode. In this case, the single-board computer supplies a control signal to start the stepper motor 13 in continuous mode. At the same time, the algorithm for assessing the air environment is similar to the discrete mode.

Applicants are not aware of technical solutions containing features similar to those that distinguish the claimed solution from the prototype, which allows us to consider the claimed solution as having the criterion of "novelty".

Claims (1)

A device for monitoring outdoor air pollution with solid particles, containing a cyclone dust collector, a housing with a centrifugal (radial) fan and a stepper motor installed in it, a cassette with a CMOS matrix installed in it and coherent radiation sources with lenses, a cassette with an analytical filter, on which a strain gauge for measuring the mass of solid particles and a clogging sensor of the analytical filter, an outdoor air intake, in which sensors are placed: atmospheric air pressure, outdoor air humidity, outdoor air temperature and air in the cyclone, mass flow rate of the pumped air, air dryer, in addition, the device equipped with pitched plates for dumping solid particles from the walls of the cyclone dust collector, while the device for monitoring outdoor air pollution with solid particles can operate both in discrete and continuous modes, while monitoring sensors are installed with the ability to transmit signals to a single-board computer via a secure communication channel; in addition, the device is equipped with an independent power supply for autonomous operation.

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