RU2099591C1 - Method and device for converting energy of gravitational forces into work - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power-plant engineering. SUBSTANCE: gravitational forces are converted by transmission of reciprocating, vertically periodic movement of flexible coupling between two weights thrown over block with wheel, that has shaft and ratchet gear converting vibratory motion of flexible coupling into rotary motion of shaft. In the action, vibratory movement of weights up and down is attained by varying mass of one of weights made in the form of bodies of sorbent materials for water vapors which are periodically, primarily at night, brought in contact with convective current of atmospheric air and are used to absorb water vapors from atmosphere thereby increasing mass of variable-mass weight due to mass of entrapped absorbent up to value exceeding mass of variable-mass weight which raises the latter up. In the daytime, sorbent-material bodies are isolated from atmospheric air flow and water vapors are desorbed from them by heating with sun rays followed by their condensation and discharge from weight interior until variable-mass weight becomes lighter than constant-mass weight thereby ensuring reverse travel of flexible coupling between weights. EFFECT: facilitated procedure and simplified design. 2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to energy and can be applied in the processes of using the potential energy of lifted loads, as well as to create simple and cheap drives and motors based on the use of gravitational forces.

 There is a method of accumulating mechanical energy in the form of potential energy of a lifted cargo by manually lifting a constant mass cargo body to a certain height (see, for example, author certificate N 1373865 "N.I. Vlasov's Gravity Complex", class F 03 G 3 / 00; publ. B.I. N 6 of 02.15.88).

 There is a method of converting the potential energy of the lifted goods into work fixed on a flexible connection, the rise of which, periodically, to a certain height, is carried out using other sources of energy for this, through the means of converters, for example, wind turbines of wave energy, tides, etc. And then the energy of the lowering cargo body is converted into the energy of continuous and uniform rotation of the power shaft, for example, a gearbox (m, for example, author certificate. N 1300189, "Energy recuperator", published in BI N 12 from 03.30.87).

 A known method for identifying the patterns of energy conversion of a cargo body raised to a certain height, including the strengthening of cargo bodies of constant and variable mass on the descending branches of the flexible connection connecting them, thrown through the block, and its periodic reciprocating movement vertically (see, for example, book Bubleinikov FD Minchenkov E.Ya. Essay on the development of classical mechanics.M. Uchpedgiz, 1961, p. 117, Fig. 32 - prototype).

 The disadvantage of this method of converting the energy of gravitational forces is that the lifting of cargo bodies to a certain height, to restore their movement potential, is carried out either manually or, when using other energy sources for this, with the use of additional devices - converters. This makes the process of using gravitational forces irrational, complicates and increases the cost of technical means for converting gravitational energy, which hinders the creation of simple and cheap engines (drives) working for its use.

 The technical result (the purpose of the invention), which is achieved by the invention, is the simplification of the technology for performing repeated actions to lift cargo bodies up (to restore their potential energy) and, thus, the structural simplification of devices for implementing the method of converting gravitational force energy into work.

 This result is achieved by the fact that to ensure the reciprocating movement of the flexible connection, for example, at the beginning of the course of the cargo bodies of constant mass up, the cargo of variable mass is performed in the form of bodies of substances sorbent for water vapor, for example salts, which are periodically, mainly at night days, enter into contact with the convective flow of atmospheric air and make them heavier by absorbing water vapor from the air. Those. while due to the accumulation of absorbent increase the weight of the load of variable weight to a value higher than the weight of the load of constant weight. Then the load of constant mass is pulled, moving it up. Then, for the return stroke of the flexible connection, i.e. to lower a load of constant mass, under the influence of gravitational forces, in the daytime, bodies of sorbent substances are isolated from contact with the flow of atmospheric air and desorb water vapor from them by heating, for example, solar radiation, subsequent condensation and removal of them to reduce weight load of variable weight to the level of their weight below the weight of the load of constant weight. The flexible connection between the loads under the action of the load of constant mass while moving in the opposite direction, transmitting a momentum to the block through which the flexible connection is thrown. After this, the cycle of movement of the flexible connection between the goods is repeated.

 In FIG. 1, a schematic structural diagram of a device for implementing the proposed method for converting the energy of gravitational forces into work is explained.

 In FIG. 2, a block device is shown in side view, with a ratchet assembly and a tubular shaft carrying a coupling for transmitting movement to a working machine.

 The device comprises at least two blocks 1 and 2 arranged vertically one above the other in parallel, through which a flexible connection between two loads is passed, with tension on the upper and lower wheels, made in the form, for example, of an endless load chain 3.

 On the sections of the chain descending from the upper block, on its opposite sides, are fixed: a cargo body 4 having a constant mass, and on the opposite gathering a cargo body 5 having a variable mass.

 On the axis of one of the blocks, preferably at the base of the device, a shaft 6 is mounted on the bearings, bearing, on the one hand, an all-in-one ratchet wheel 7, and on the other hand, from the shaft end, a coupling 8, for connection with the shaft of the working machine.

 The ratchet wheel rotates in one direction under the influence of a dog 9, mounted through an axis 10 on a disk of a wheel mounted with free rotation on the axis of the base together with the shaft 6. The rotation of the ratchet wheel 7, which is opposite to the given movement, is fixed by a dog 11, the axis of which 12 is fixed to bearing base housing.

A container 5 equipped with an automatically closed lid 13 is mounted on the opposite side of the cargo body with constant mass 4, on the flexible connection section of the cargo chain coming off the gears of the upper block 13. On the inside of the lid, porous bodies 14 are made of sorbent substances, for example salts of the series CaCl ₂ ; LiBr and other or porous materials impregnated with solutions of said salts.

 The lid, opposite the hinge axis, has a lever protrusion 15 with a groove 16, along which the load 17 slides on the suspension, opening the lid 13 of the tank during desorption of water vapor from the absorbent and closing it after the end of the process of absorption of water vapor from atmospheric air. In the area of attachment or a cargo body of constant mass, or variable mass, (or in a flexible connection), a ball lock of the course of the cargo bodies is installed, made in the form, for example, of a flat bar 18, with a recess under the spring-loaded ball 19. The latter is installed at the end of the travel cargo bodies, both at the lower and upper points of the trajectory of their movement. The housing of the ball retainers is equipped with springs with adjusting screws 20 to adjust the compression force of the springs. At the end of the shaft 6, a clutch 8 is installed to connect to the working machine and transmit to it the movement of rotation of the shaft.

 The walls of the tank body of variable mass and its cover are made of a material transparent to solar radiation. And its internal cavity, at its lower point, is equipped with a drain pipe 21 with a water shutter to remove condensate from the tank.

 The energy of gravitational forces is converted to work on the device according to the method described above in the following order.

 On one branch, coming down from the upper flexible connection unit of the cargo chain 3, a cargo body 4 with a constant mass is fixed (suspended). Its fixing is carried out at the level of the lower foundation of the device at the surface of the earth. On another branch, coming down from the upper block, in the uppermost section of the load chain 3 - load 5 of variable mass is fixed. It is preliminarily made from sorbent substances for water vapor, in the form of bodies of various geometric shapes of porous tubular cylinders, tetrahedrons, octahedrons, pyramids and other forms, or even in the form of tape ends, impregnated in concentrated saturated solutions of sorbent substances and then dried. As sorbent substances, mainly salts of the CaCl, LiBr and other types can be recommended.

 Then, the sorbent substances 14 are placed on the lid 13 on its reverse side so that after the end of the absorption process they are immersed in the cavity of the container when the lid is closed. Bodies from sorbent substances 14 are loaded in a dry state in such an amount that their weight is lower than the weight of the cargo 17 and the lid 13 was open before the start of absorption. Moreover, the weight of the whole structure of the cargo body of variable mass 5 would be lower than the weight of the cargo body of constant mass 4.

 Then, at night, through openings in the lower part of the tank (not shown conditionally) and open sidewalls (cover 13 is left open), they are brought into contact (bodies made of sorbent substances) with a convective flow of atmospheric air (they are blown with air) and the absorption process is carried out from it water vapor to such a degree of accumulation of absorbent material that, on the one hand, the cover 13, having overcome the weight of the cargo 17, closes, and, on the other hand, the weight of the entire structure of the cargo body of mass 5, due to the added weight of the absorbent, becomes higher than the weightbody weight of constant mass 4. Then, under the influence of the difference of these masses (weights), the cargo body of variable mass 5 will begin to move downward, dragging the load chain 3 and through it the rotating gear of the block with the dog 9. The latter, being engaged with the ratchet wheel 7, will lead it in a rotational movement, and through the tubular shaft 6 will transmit the rotation of the shaft to the coupling 8 and further to the working machine. A cargo body with constant mass at this time will be raised up to a certain height with the formation of the gravitational potential of its mass. When the cargo body reaches the variable mass 5 of the lower position, the lid 13 closes under the action of the weight of the accumulated absorbent on the sorbent substances 14, and the load 17 moves to the hinge of the lid, tightly sealing the internal cavity of the container 5.

 Then, during the daytime, the contents of the container 5 are heated, for example, by solar radiation; the absorbent under the action of this heat evaporates and its pores condense on the walls of the container 5 and the inner surface of the lid, coagulating into large droplets. Draining, they accumulate on the lower part of the tank and through the tube 21, with a water lock, are removed from the tank, thereby reducing the weight of the cargo body of variable mass 5.

 When reducing the weight of the cargo body of variable mass 5, a flexible connection - the cargo chain 3 under the action of the cargo body of constant mass 4 changes the direction of movement in the opposite direction. The gear wheel of the block with the dog 9 rotates in the opposite direction, moving the dog 9 at a certain angle along the gear ratchet wheel 7, which, under the action of the brake dog 11, remains stationary. After removing the absorbent from the cavity of the cargo body of variable mass 5 to the required limit, the lid 13 under the action of the load 17 opens and the entire cargo body of variable mass 5 under the action of the cargo body of constant mass 4 rises up for the next charging with absorbent material, i.e., to repeat the process of vapor absorption water from the surrounding outdoor air. The process of movement of the flexible connection is repeated with the transmission of the momentum in one direction to the coupling 8.

 To exclude the influence of the fluctuating content of water vapor in the air on the rate of absorption to the required weight value of accumulation sufficient to lift the load of constant mass 4 up, use a ball lock 18 19 the course of the cargo bodies. Rotating the adjusting screw 20, create such a force on the ball of the retainer that holds the beginning of the lifting of the cargo body 4 up to the amount of accumulation of variable mass 5 of absorbent material in the cargo body, in a weight value sufficient to lift the load of constant weight immediately by the entire lifting amount in one move. At the upper point of the lift, a second ball clamp of the flexible connection stroke can also be installed, which would act when the absorbent was completely removed from the cargo container 5 of variable mass weight, and would also ensure the full travel of the cargo body 4 to its lower point in one descent. The force of ball retainers is selected empirically. The mechanical energy of rotation of the shaft 6 through the clutch 8 can be transferred to the working machine either briefly, in a single stroke of a constant-weight cargo body, up or down, for example, as when the clock spring is cocked, or long-term through an intermediate device on which mechanical energy is pre-accumulated, for example, spiral storage springs, gradually giving their power to the actuators.

 (An example of such an intermediate device is a device for producing mechanical energy, described in ed. Certificate N 1134777, class F 03 G 7/06, publ. 15.01.85 in BI N 2).

Claims (2)

 1. The method of converting the energy of gravitational forces into work by transmitting a reciprocating, vertical-vertical movement of the flexible connection between the two loads, thrown through the block, with an existing shaft that converts the movement of the flexible connection into a rotational movement of the shaft, including suspension of the load on the branches coming off the block flexible connection, on one branch with a constant and on another branch with a variable mass, as well as lowering the load under the action of gravitational forces with constant mass and its periodic rise, characterized in that that to ensure the reciprocating movement of the flexible connection, for example, at the beginning to lift the load of constant mass, the load of variable mass is made in the form of bodies of substances sorbent for water vapor, for example salts, which are periodically predominantly brought into contact with convection flow at night atmospheric air and carry out the absorption of water vapor from the air thereby increasing the weight of the load of variable weight to a weight above the load of constant weight, which ensures its lifting up, then to lower the load constant weight in daytime body of sorbent substances isolated from contact with the atmospheric air flow and water vapor conduct desorption of them by heating, e.g., solar radiation, post-condensation and removal of them to reduce the weight of the load variable mass below the load weight constant weight.  2. The device for implementing the method according to claim 1, consisting of vertically arranged one below the other parallel to at least two blocks in the form of gears, through which a flexible connection between two loads is passed, made, for example, in the form of an endless load chain with reinforced on its descending sections on opposite sides of the upper block of two separate cargo bodies, one of which is a body in the form of a constant cargo mass, containing one of the gears with ratchet gear, transmitting m the movement of the flexible connection to the existing shaft, bearing at the end a coupling for connecting to the shaft of the working machine, characterized in that the cargo body on the opposite section of the flexible connection of the circuit coming from the upper block is made in the form of a tank equipped with a lockable automatic cover, while on the inner surface lids on the side of the container are reinforced with bodies of sorbent substances, for example salts, and from the opposite from the hinge of the lid fastening a lever protrusion is made with a groove along which the load equalizing the sorb weight slides on the suspension entent bodies and closing or opening the lid depending on the amount of absorbent absorbed.

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