RU2072434C1 - Internal combustion engine and method of its operation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines. SUBSTANCE: method is based on two cycle operation with conversion of reciprocating motion into rotary motion with cylinders operating in antiphase and delivery of gases to turbine at starting. During working stroke, part of gases from power cylinders is taken off and delivered to turbine. Takeoff of gases is performed in series sequence at advance from periphery of working volume to center. At exhaust gas is taken off simultaneously from periphery of working volume and center, and air and fuel-air mixture is delivered into central part of working volume and then, at compression, air or fuel-air mixture is transferred into periphery part of working volume. Internal combustion engine has cylindrical housing, piston unit with two working pistons at ends of unit and compression piston in middle part connected with carburetor or with atmosphere, intake channels made in shaft between compression and working pistons in form of smaller diameter grooves, exhaust holes made in housing, and fuel, timing and lubrication systems. Engine has turbine unit installed in housing in which hole is made to deliver gases from working cylinders. Each working piston has central and periphery portions. Each power cylinder has ring made integral with end face wall installed in housing. Outlet holes are made in lower ring portion of cylinder. Holes to intake fuel-air mixture or air into peripheral working volume are made in upper portion of cylinder. EFFECT: enlarged operating capabilities. 7 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to internal combustion engines.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase engine efficiency by creating central and peripheral power cylinders, interacting with each other and with a gas turbine on the move and at the outlet, as well as by the interaction of the power pistons with a reciprocating to rotary hydraulic converter.

 A known method of operation of an internal combustion engine and an internal combustion engine (Inventor and rationalizer, 1990, N 5, p. 44). This method of operation is based on a two-stroke cycle with the translation of the translational motion into rotational with the work of the power cylinders in the same sequence, but in antiphase, the supply of gas to the turbine at the outlet.

 The method does not allow the best use of the energy of gases after combustion and to carry out optimal thermomechanical conversion in the engine.

 A well-known internal combustion engine is the Steltzer engine - (Inventor and Rationalizer, 1990, N 5, p. 44), containing a piston block consisting of three pistons of two workers at the ends of the block and compression in its middle part connected to the carburetor or atmosphere. Inlet channels are made on the shaft between the pistons in the form of grooves, and exhaust in a cylindrical housing.

 The device does not allow the best use of the energy of the gases generated during combustion.

 In FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a device; in FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section of a part of the housing and a block diagram of external devices connected to the engine and to each other; in FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section through a device and a lubrication, fuel supply and ignition system.

 The device (Fig. 1) consists of a housing 1, a piston block, consisting of three pistons: compression 2 in the middle part and workers at its ends, and each worker consists of central 3, 4 and peripheral parts 5, 6. Inlet channels 7 , 8 for each of the power cylinders are made on a central shaft connected to the compression piston.

 Each power cylinder consists of a central working volume 9, 10 and peripheral working volumes 11, 12. The volumes are separated by concentric rings 13, 14 included in the concentric cavities 15, 16 in the working pistons. In concentric rings 13, 14, at the end, the NMH has outlet openings 17, 18 for central working volumes, and the common outlet channels 19, 20 are made in the housing 1 and are interconnected by channels 21 in the housing.

 In the rings 13, 14, inlet openings 22, 23 are made in their upper part for supplying the air-fuel mixture or air from the central working volumes to the peripheral and channels 24, 25, in the rings and end walls of the TDC connecting the working volumes during the ignition of the working mixture.

 The concentric rings 13, 14 include rods 26, 27 connected to the compression piston 2 in the working cavity 28 of the compression cylinder.

 Holes 29, 30 are made in the rods at their end at the bottom dead center, which serve to release gases from the central volume, inlet the fuel-air mixture from the central volume to the peripheral and to connect the combustion chambers: central and peripheral.

 Concentric rings 13, 14 are made integral with the covers 31, 32 mounted motionlessly in the housing.

 The outlet channels 19, 20 of the housing are connected by channels 33 to a guide apparatus 34, a multi-stage turbine 35 mounted on the housing.

 The input piston is connected to the hydraulic transducer 36 of the reciprocating motion in the rotary, operating on a push-pull cycle or a continuous cycle.

 In the housing, channels of the superheater 37 are made, connected by radial slots with channels 21 for exhausting gases and in series with the channels of the water heater 38, connected by radial slots with channels 21 and connected to the pump 39. The channels of the water heater (Fig. 2) interact with channels 40 in the housing connecting the turbine outlet with a pipe 41 with an additional power cylinder 42. The pipe 41 is connected to the condenser 43 by the first part of it, which, in turn, through the water treatment unit 44 with a water pump. A water tank 45 is connected to the water treatment unit, and a water pump at the inlet with the channels of the steam heater. The output of the additional power cylinder is connected to the capacitor by the second part from the first.

 The device (figure 3) contains oil pipes 46, 47 connected to axial holes 48, 49 in concentric rings 13, 14 with the surfaces of the cylinders and pistons, and through channels 50, 51 and 52, 53 with a drain.

 The cavity 28 of the compression cylinder is connected through a hole 54 to the carburetor, and the combustion chamber of the outer cylinders interact with the spark plugs 55, 56.

 The method is as follows (Fig 1). Pistons 3, 5 and 4, 6 move as a single unit, each in its cylinder 9, 11 and 10, 12. When pistons 3, 5 approach the BDC, the pistons 4, 6 approach the TDC and vice versa. The mixture enters through the hole 54 (Fig. 2) into the compression cylinder. During the movement (Fig. 1) of the pistons 3, 5 to the BDC on the stroke under the action of the pressure forces of the expanding grooves, the exhaust channels 19 first open on the stroke and the gases enter the radial channels 33 and the guide apparatus 34 and the vanes on the stroke 35 multi-stage turbines.

 At the end of the working stroke at the BDC, the outlet channels 17 in the stationary concentric ring 13 and the channels 29 in the rod 26 are combined.

 When the channels 17 and 29 are combined when moving to the BDC and to the TDC, gases are released to the turbine 35 from the central working volume at the end of the stroke under the influence of the fuel-air mixture, which is supplied by the compression piston 2 through the exhaust channel 7 when the working piston moves to the BDC.

 The purging of the central and peripheral working volumes 9 and 11 is greatly facilitated by the additional power cylinder 42 connected to the turbine by a pipe 41 and a channel 40 in the housing, which creates a vacuum in the main power cylinders on the part of the working stroke.

 The pump can be made similar to the compression unit of the engine with an entrance in the middle and two outputs at the ends. Pulling gases from the chambers 9, 11 through the turbine block of one power cylinder, the additional power cylinder 42 simultaneously pushes the exhaust gases of another power cylinder through the condenser, since the working fluid also contains superheated steam, which enters the stream on the way to the turbine.

 The turbo unit operates with high efficiency for a number of reasons. Cylinder 42 is a recycling device, it greatly reduces the gas velocity on a multi-stage turbine and makes it operate at its steps a much greater heat drop, and therefore increases the conversion efficiency. Cylinder 42, working as a vacuum pump, makes it possible to transfer most of the heat on a part of the cycle to heat water and turn it into steam and superheat steam in channels 38 and 37, respectively. When this water passes from the pump 39 through the channels 38, first (Fig. 2) the formation of steam, and then through the channels 37 (superheating of the steam) connected to the channels 38 at the inlet. At the output, the channels 37 are connected through radial slots in the housing to the working gas channels 19 and 21. Through the slots of the channels 37 and 38, water is supplied at an angle to the high-temperature gases. In channels 19 and 12, the steam overheats additionally. Film evaporation of water occurs. Case 1 plays the role of a heat exchanger. On the one hand, water turns into superheated steam in a gas stream, on the other hand, housing 1 does not overheat, because it gives off heat (film evaporation in pipelines 19, 21).

 The housing 1 also, being a heat exchanger, is a part of a recycling device and may be made of metal or other material with the corresponding characteristics.

 With the piston stroke frequency, the efficiency of the utilization units will increase, and the turbine speed and its power performance will also increase.

 The frequency of rotation of the turbine will depend on the performance (regulation) of the water pump 39. The turbine 35 does not need heat-resistant materials. Engine too. The maximum turbine efficiency will be achieved with a certain ratio of the piston stroke frequency, the volume of the power cylinder 42 and the volumes of gas and steam in the gas-vapor mixture and will be KNOW-HOW for each engine type. The efficiency of the combined engine as a whole will be higher than the efficiency of only the engine due to the expansion of the gas-vapor mixture to large volumes, effective utilization.

 At low frequencies of the piston strokes, the power cylinder 42 captures most of the gas mixture from the turbine, a smaller part of it goes to the inlet condenser.

 At high frequencies of the piston strokes, part of the gas-vapor mixture goes into the inlet part of the condenser, bypassing the power cylinder 42.

 It is advisable to choose the number of stages of the turbine and the volume of the additional cylinder 42 so that there is a complete expansion of the vapor, and the gas expands to a rarefied state. At the same time, the highest efficiency is possible with a minimum fuel consumption. We can definitely say that the volume of the power cylinder 42 is larger and much more than the volume of the working volumes of the power cylinders.

 The engine based on the Steltzer engine does not have connecting rods, piston bushings, it has minimal heat from friction in the absence of lateral forces. Therefore, when using the housing 1 as a heat exchanger, cooling can be carried out with oil according to the scheme (Fig. 3), when the oil is supplied through pipelines 46, 47, channels 48, 49 to the rubbing parts, and the discharge is carried out through channels 50, 51, 52, 53.

 When the pistons 3, 5 move to TDC, the openings 17 overlap. There is a compression in the Central working volume 9 of the working mixture. When holes 22 and 29 in the rod 26 coincide, the peripheral working volume 11 closes at the same time and the fuel-air mixture from the working volume 9 enters through the matching holes 22 and 29. The final compression of the mixture in the combustion chamber occurs in both combustion chambers through a candle 48 a spark is supplied. In the diesel version, compression ignition is carried out.

 The air-fuel mixture is ignited in the peripheral volume, and the air-fuel mixture in the central working volume is ignited through the channel 24 and the channel 29 of the rod 26 at the TDC. Ignition can also be carried out in a central volume.

 At this time, a working stroke occurs in the opposite power cylinder with processes similar to those described above.

 Only the outlet of the gas-vapor mixture is carried out through the exhaust channels 20, channels 21, 19 and further through the turbine 34, 35 and through the vacuum pump 42 and the condenser 43.

 A moment is created during the entire cycle, provided that the exhaust channels 19 and 20 are equal to the sum of the piston stroke length, or the cycle and the turbine (blades) do not overheat, because water and superheated steam are injected into high-temperature gases, which reduce the temperature of the gases supplied to the turbine and increase the amount of working fluid. In that part of the cycle, when the minimum amount of exhaust gases is supplied to the turbine at the pressure of the main power pistons to TDC), water is continuously supplied from the water pump 39 to the steam heater 38.

 Thus, a high-temperature gas-vapor mixture, stuffed with inclusions from lower temperature steam, is fed to the turbine during the cycle. At the same time, it can be said that the turbine will operate in the optimum temperature regime and in the optimal thermomechanical conversion mode, because a mixture with averaged parameters will arrive at the turbine.

 The sizes of the exhaust channels 19, 20, as well as the exhaust windows 17, 18 and the openings 22, 23, the sizes of the exhaust channels 7 and 8 can be made so that for the greater part of the cycle the high-temperature exhaust gases will flow to the turbine. This will contribute to the creation of a gas-vapor mixture for optimal thermomechanical conversion.

 The energy consumption for pumping water is minimal, and the supply of an additional amount of the working fluid of the steam will be significant at a high frequency of strokes of the working pistons, which is possible in the Steltzer engine, taken as a prototype.

 The engine can work without water, in this case only the energy of the exhaust gases will be converted on the turbine.

 The piston rod of the main power cylinder interacts with the hydraulic Converter 36.

 In this case, the converter may be either a two-stroke turbine or a continuous turbine operating in a two-stroke mode.

 As a result, the thermal energy of gases is optimally converted into mechanical energy, because two moments are created simultaneously on a gas and hydraulic turbine, which can be summed up at the output.

Claims (7)

 1. The method of operation of the internal combustion engine, based on a two-stroke cycle with the conversion of translational motion into rotational with the work of the power cylinders in the same sequence, but in antiphase, the supply of gases to the turbine at the outlet, characterized in that some of the gases are taken from the power cylinders on the move and fed to the turbine, while the selection of gases is carried out sequentially ahead of the periphery of the working volume to the center, at the outlet gases are taken simultaneously from the periphery of the working volume and the central parts of it, and the air or fuel-air mixture inlet is carried out in the central part of the working volume, then, during compression, air or fuel-air mixture is transferred to the peripheral part of the working volume.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the gases after the turbine are fed into an additional power cylinder with a volume greater than the working volume of the cylinders, with the continuation of the expansion process and create a vacuum in each power cylinder.  3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that water or steam is supplied to the gases discharged to the turbine at an angle to the gas stream.  4. The method according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the steam-gas mixture is supplied from the additional power cylinder to the condenser, separated into gas, which is discharged into the atmosphere, and steam, which is condensed and returned to the gas stream.  5. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylindrical housing, a piston block, consisting of three pistons of two workers at the ends of the block and a compression in its middle part connected to a carburetor or atmosphere, inlet channels made on the shaft between the compression and working pistons in the form of smaller grooves diameter, exhaust openings made in the housing, fuel supply systems, gas distribution, lubrication, characterized in that it is equipped with a turbine unit mounted on the housing in which openings for an ode of gases from the working cylinders, each of the working pistons being made in the form of a central and peripheral annular parts, and each power cylinder consists of a ring made integral with the end wall mounted in the housing, the inner surface of which forms with the end face of the central part of the piston and the shaft the central working volume, the outer surface of the ring forms a peripheral working volume with the end face of the peripheral annular part and the engine housing, with the outlet made in the lower annular part of the cylinder holes connecting the central and peripheral working volumes, and in its upper part holes are made for inlet of the air-fuel mixture or air into the peripheral working volume, holes are made in the end wall and in the ring at the top dead center for connecting both working volumes when the working mixture is ignited , axial channels are made in the rings for the rods connected to the compression piston, and holes are made in the rods at the bottom dead center, which alternately interact with the holes of the power qili ring core when moving to the upper dead point, the peripheral working volumes communicate with the outlet channels in the housing and interconnected with the turbine through the openings in the housing, and the motor is provided with a water turbine converter.  6. The engine according to claim 5, characterized in that it is equipped with an additional power cylinder with a piston connected to the power piston block and with the turbine exit through channels in the housing.  7. The engine according to PP.5 and 6, characterized in that it is equipped with a water pump, a water tank, a condenser, a water treatment unit, a steam heater and a superheater, interconnected and made in the form of channels in the housing, and the axial channels of the superheater and steam heater are connected through slots in the casing with channels for exhausting gases, and the channels of the steam heater are connected to the water pump, an additional power cylinder is connected to the condenser, which is connected by the turbine output and through the water treatment unit to the pump, the water tank is connected to the water treatment unit.

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