RU2008102C1 - Apparatus for separating grain mixtures, particularly, for separating heavy contaminants, for example, stones from grain materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: separation of grain mixtures. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has closed box with one or two table for separating into layers. Tables are mounted in inclined position for oscillating together with box. Tables are blown by air flow. Part of box adjacent to table lower end has air-duct for recycling return air flow. Air-duct is extending along box height and has inlet part communicated with pressure part of fan and outlet part communicated with cavity under table. Sucking part of fan is communicated through cleaner with branch pipe for discharging air from box. EFFECT: increased efficiency of cleaning grain material. 4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to a device for separating a mixture of grain, in particular for separating heavy impurities from a grain product.

 From British patent N 153905 known device operating in the air circulation mode for separating a grain product, which mainly consists of a vibrating table surface, as well as covering a stationary surface of the table surface of the table. The stationary casing has a fan in the lower zone, through which air is blown from the bottom up through the surface of the table. The air leaving upward from the table surface is directed from the side between the vibrating table surface and the stationary casing back to the fan inlet.

 The air is circulated. This mode has the advantage that complex suction systems with corresponding filter cleaning devices for delamination air are eliminated here. However, such circulating systems are not widely used.

 Systems operating in the air circulation mode are either complex in design or do not provide sufficient separation quality, for example, do not achieve a sufficient degree of separation of stones. The reason for this is that for the air circulation mode it is necessary to compromise for the supply of product and air.

 In order to ensure free oscillation of the exfoliating table, it is necessary to provide a sufficient gap between the oscillating and stationary parts of the device, or around the entire exfoliating table should be provided elastic rubber bands that adversely affect the oscillatory properties of the table. Air sucked in through leaks regularly interferes with the formation of product layers and with this the separation of the product. An insoluble problem was the accumulation of dust particles, dirt and husks inside a stationary casing.

 A device for separating grain mixtures is known, where an exfoliating table, blown by air, is mounted with the possibility of oscillation together with a vibrating casing, the batteries are fixed in the area of the upper end of the table in cascade to the body, and the device is connected to a stationary head support through shock-absorbing elements, which is a prototype, however, does not exclude the disadvantages of previous devices.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the throughput of the device and address the disadvantages of the known solutions.

 The goal is achieved in that the circulating air used to delaminate the product is supplied through separate guides for the supply and exhaust air, and the guides result in vibrations joint with the surface of the stratification table.

 The formation of a vibrating assembly from an exfoliating table and air guides has a particular advantage in that, through the principle of “little more” vibrating mass, the deposition of dust and other contaminants is effectively prevented. Here, not only the effect of dust carried away by the air flow acts. Thanks to the vibration of all parts of the device in contact with dust, they are constantly cleaned by shaking off the dust.

 Expanding from the bottom up, in a cascade-like, vibrating supply (power) of the product provides complete distribution (expansion) and loosening of the product from the very beginning of the device, while simultaneously functioning as an air lock. The cascade-like food supply in the zone of the upper cone of the table provides an unhindered flow ratio not only through, but also above the area of the entire stratifying table. The reverse of the air in the form laid around the lower end of the table and entering under it along the width of the plane of the circulation air supply channel also creates optimal flow conditions.

 Especially important in this case is that air circulation is carried out without bumps and turbulences. Circulation air can be cleaned if necessary with stationary fixtures. Due to the fact that the circulating air is constantly in the system, mechanical cleaning without filtering is sufficient. However, it is possible to supply a small portion of the circulating air to the dust filter. This also has the advantage that the entire system remains without reduced pressure relative to the environment.

 In the lower end side of the housing, air reverse is provided. It is made in the form of a flat channel, so that the air flowing out of it enters without turbulence on the lower plane of the table. An air-suction element is located in the middle zone of the casing. The connection of the vibrating parts with stationary can occur through round rubber or textile cuffs, common in practice for vibrating elements of machines.

 A particularly preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is one in which one or two planes of the table are placed in the same vibrating casing, the lower table taking over part of the product of the upper table and transferring the product preferably to the upper end of the table.

 The upper surface of the table may have (optionally) a tray-shaped recess (stone or product box) with a through hole at the bottom of the recess to separate the flow into heavy and light fractions. To transfer the product from the upper table to the lower one, a drain tray is located in the opposite direction of the main flow of the upper table and ends on the lower table.

 In FIG. 1 shows a device with one layering table; in FIG. 2 - the same, with two exfoliating tables with a circulating air purifier; in FIG. 2, 3, 4 - the same, with two layering tables; in FIG. 5 is a diagram of the supply and distribution of material on a layering table.

 The device comprises a frame 1, mounted on the base 2. A vibrating closed box 3, supported through the spring elements 4 on the frame 1, the layering table 5 is located in the box 3 and divides it into the upper suction cavity 6 and the lower 7. Above the upper end of the table in the box 3 there is an inlet pipe 8 for supplying material, and above the middle part of the table 5 there is a pipe or pipe 9 for venting dust-like fraction. In the lower part of the duct 3 from the side of the lower end of the table 5 along the height of the duct 3 is made air duct 10 for circulation of the reverse air flow. In the upper part of the box 3 is connected with a stationary head support 11, in which the inlet pipe 8 is located, the support is connected with the bed 1.

 Box 3 with table 5 is driven by vibration exciter 12. A cleaner or separator 13 of the circulating air flow with a pipe 14 for dust extraction is installed above the stationary head support. The suction part of the fan 15 is in communication with the pipe (9) of the exhaust air, purging the stratification table 5, through the cleaner (13).

 The inlet part of the air duct 10 for circulating the reverse air flow is in communication with the discharge part of the fan 15, and the outlet part has a cavity 7 of the box under the stratification table.

 The device 16 for supplying material is fixed inside the box 3 in the area of the upper end of the stratification table 5, vibrates with the box and is made in the form of a junction box of a cascade of elements 17, expanding from top to bottom, and a guide sheet 18 above the stratification table 5. The guide sheet 18 has on the free end of the bypass edge 19, the box 3 is driven with a velocity component directed to the upper end of the stratification table 5.

 In the pipeline 9 there is a valve for regulating the amount of air passing through the table (or several tables).

 The connection of the box 3 and the head support 11 occurs through elastic cuffs 20 located after the pipe 8.

 The sectional layering table 5 has an approximately quadrangular shape. From the side of the table lying above the end, it can be used for service work. The product transfer point extends across the entire width of the table. The width of the table is indicated in FIG. 4 by the letter B, table thickness - by the letter D. The formation of a wide-surface flow of the product, also called the curtain of the product, in order to feed the product occurs in two stages. In box 3, the initial product enters the junction box (16, 17).

 Fluctuations contribute to the movement and uniformly wide distribution of the grain product in the distribution box (17), which is made to enhance this effect expanded downward and cascade-like. The flap 21 provided in the junction box (16, 17) serves the same purpose, so that the grain product is fed as a wide-plane flow directly to the guide sheet 18 extending above the stratification table and from there it flows in the form of a uniform wide flow to the stratification table 5.

 The wide, uniform distribution of the flow of grain material over the stratification table 3 is particularly clearly shown in FIG. 5 (stratification is emphasized). The exfoliating table has a mesh 23 that serves to adhere the product and is roughened, with mesh 22 forming an upper side carried by honeycombly arranged metal strips 23 held by a thin perforated sheet 24.

 In separate sections 25 between the strips 23 there are cleaning elements 26 that clean both the mesh and the perforated sheet 24. It is important that the perforated sheets have an air resistance much greater than the air resistance of the mesh, for example, in the ratio 1: 10. Due to this, it is possible to maintain a constant distribution of air, regardless of the thickness of the layer on the mesh over the entire surface of the stratification table 5.

 The product consists of three different layers, the lower layer containing heavy impurities, the layer 27 is supplied due to mechanical oscillatory movement of the table up. The light layer 28 freed from heavy impurities is not only loosened by a targeted air stream, but also maintained in suspension at a distance from the mesh 22. Due to the fact that the delaminating layer 5 is slightly inclined and the upper light layer 28 does not receive an impulse when moving up table, however, is kept in a vibrational state, it flows towards the side lying below the side of the table.

 The inclination of the exfoliating table can be adjusted using the mounting device 29. The third layer 30 consists of heavy impurities, in most of the individual particles, foreign bodies, stones 31, etc., heavy grains 32 and light parts, for example, half grains, particles husks 33, most of which are presented in the appropriate form. Heavy impurities with stones 31 immediately sink to the vibrating surface of the table 5 and move up the table due to vibrations of the table and due to the surface of the table, which is roughened in the form of a mesh.

 For the device, an important point is the correct direction of the air flow (Fig. 3). The entire surface of the exfoliating table is blown evenly from the bottom up by means of suction air, the direction of which is indicated by the arrow (34). This air stream 34 brings the cereal product into a suspended, loosened fluid state.

 Due to the fact that only heavy parts, i.e., stones 31 should be separated at the end of the table above and fed into the stone outlet 35 from there, form a corresponding reverse flow 36, which prevents the transport of light particles or grain up along with heavy impurities. A return flow is preferably formed under the guide sheet 18. In this case, if the guide sheet 18 is rigidly connected to the duct wall, the air supplied to the gap between the guide sheet and the stratification table can deviate only in direction (36).

 Thus, they prevent further upward movement of the product, with the exception of the stones in it, by means of air flow. Stones 31 may continue to move toward the higher end of the table.

 The same reverse flow 36 promotes the formation in practice of a flowing front, respectively, a reverse flow direction (36). In the place of the reverse of the flow direction (37), the grain 32 freed from stones rises from the table surface due to the strong air flow (34, 37) and flows freely with all light products and with the upper raised layer 28 down the table. A light fraction is released immediately through release 38, the middle grain fraction can make several times a circular up-down movement of the table, which is especially the case for boundary grains.

 The device can be made with two layering tables (Fig. 2, 3), one upper table 5 and one lower table 39. In principle, both tables 5 and 39 have the same design. On the upper exfoliating table 3, there is basically no backflow 36, so that not only heavy impurities move up the table, but the entire heavy layer 27 and is discharged through the outlet channel 40 and falls onto the guide sheet 18 above the deflecting sheet. Starting from the guide sheet 18, the work of the stratification table 39 is identical to the stratification table 5 (Fig. 1).

 To prevent mixing of the freshly arrived product stream from the junction box (16, 17) with the heavy layer 27 between the junction box (17) and the layering table 5, a guide plate 41 is located at the highest point.

 The effluent stream of the product is discharged through the gateway 42 directly to the drain channel 43 of the lower table 39. Both product streams of both exfoliating tables 5 and 39, freed from heavy impurities, are then connected in outlet 38. All heavy impurities, for example stones 31, etc., are first separated from the upper table 3 together with the heavy layer 27. On the lower table 30, separation and separate removal of stones 31 through the stone extraction 35 first takes place.

 Sorting of stones is carried out here in two stages, separate in time and space. Namely, first a concentrate is formed with all heavy products, for example, from 30 to 60% of the total throughput on the upper exfoliating table 3, and only with a reduced throughput, stones and other especially heavy impurities are sorted and separately removed. Reversible pipe 44 communicates the inlet of the reverse air pipe 10 with the discharge. The mentioned nozzles (8, 9, 44) are connected through elastic cuffs 20 on one side with a non-oscillating head support 11 and on the other hand with the duct 3, so as to participate in its movement. With two tables (FIGS. 2, 3), two outlets 38 in the form of tube-shaped channels are located on both sides (vertically to the plane of the drawing), so that the space between the two channels remains for the circulation air duct 10. The casing is framed in FIG. 4 and 5 with a shaded line for better visibility.

 In FIG. 2 also shows a circulating air purifier-separator (13) with a fan 15, as well as a motor drive 45. In this case, the air suction pipe (9) enters directly into the circulating air separator through the pipe 14 for removing dust from the air stream. Air circulation has the great advantage that only a minimum amount of air, for example 10%, should be passed through a thin filter. For this, an aspiration pipe is provided in communication with the aspiration system, the air purifier 13 together with the fan can be mounted directly on the cover 46.

 In FIG. 4 shows a device operating on the same principle as the device in FIG. 2. 3. The device (Fig. 4) differs from the above-described devices in that the circulating air duct 10 is located separately in the duct 3 and therefore it is possible to prevent the disturbing effect caused by it on the air flow in the duct. (56) Application PCT / EP N 85050, cl. B 07 B 9/02, 1985.

Claims (4)

 1. DEVICE FOR SEPARATION OF GRAIN MIXTURES, IN PARTICULAR FOR SELECTION OF HEAVY IMPURITIES, FOR EXAMPLE, STONES FROM GRAIN MATERIAL, including a bed, a vibrating box mounted on it with an inclined exfoliating table fixed inside it, a permeable air duct for supplying material, a permeable air duct for supplying material, located in the upper part of the box, respectively, above the upper end of the table and above its middle part, a fan, a stationary head support with which the box is connected in the upper part, characterized in that it is provided about a cleaner with a dust exhaust pipe installed above the stationary head support, and the suction part of the fan is in communication with the air exhaust pipe through the cleaner, while in the part of the box from the side of the lower end of the table along the height of the box there is an air duct for circulating the reverse air flow, the input part of which is communicated with the discharge part of the fan, and the output part - with the body cavity under the stratification table.  2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a device for feeding the source material located in the area of the upper end of the table, made of a cascade of elements, expanding from top to bottom.  3. The device according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that it is equipped with at least one additional exfoliating table located under the main and with it purged air, as well as a device for feeding part of the source material from the upper table to the lower.  4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the air duct for the reverse air flow is connected to an aspiration system for filtering the fine fraction.

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