RU183973U1 - Adjustable reversible AC electric drive with a collector motor powered by a single-phase AC network - Google Patents

Abstract

The adjustable reversible AC electric drive with a collector motor when powered by a single-phase AC voltage network is designed for reverse and smooth control of the speed of the collector motor. The semiconductor bridge is made on four triacs. The phase of the supply voltage is connected to the first input of the semiconductor bridge. The first input of the collector motor armature is connected to the second input of the semiconductor bridge. The second input of the armature of the collector motor is connected to zero supply voltage. The first triac is connected between the first and third inputs of the semiconductor bridge. The second triac is connected between the first and fourth inputs of the semiconductor bridge. The third triac is connected between the third and second inputs of the semiconductor bridge. The fourth triac is connected between the fourth and second inputs of the semiconductor bridge. An excitation winding is connected between the third and fourth inputs of the semiconductor bridge. A reverse is provided by changing the polarity of the supply voltage on the field winding of the collector motor.

Description

The utility model relates to adjustable reversible AC electric drives with a collector motor powered by a single-phase AC voltage network and can be used for reverse and smooth control of the speed of the collector motor.

Known AC electric drive with a collector motor when powered from a single-phase AC voltage network containing an armature, the first input of which is connected to the phase of the supply voltage, and the second input of which is connected to the first input of the excitation winding. The second input of the field winding is connected to zero supply voltage (Voldek A.I. Electric machines: a textbook for students of higher technical educational institutions / A.I. Voldek. - 3rd ed., Revised. - L .: Energy, 1978.- S. 808).

The main disadvantages of the described electric drive are the lack of the ability to adjust the speed of the engine and reverse, as this requires additional devices.

The closest to the proposed utility model in technical essence and the achieved result (prototype) is an adjustable AC electric drive with a collector motor powered by a single-phase AC voltage network, containing a semiconductor bridge made on diodes, in which the phase of the supply voltage is connected to the first input, to the second input is connected to the first input of the collector motor armature, the control device is connected to the third and fourth inputs. Two thyristors are connected between the first and second inputs of the semiconductor bridge, their combined cathodes are connected to the third input of the semiconductor bridge. The second input of the collector motor armature is connected to the first input of the field winding, the second input of which is connected to zero supply voltage (patent RU 167195, IPC Н02Р 1/24 (2006.01), Н02Р 1/18 (2006.01).

This device is designed to adjust the speed of rotation of the collector motor, however, its disadvantage is the inability to reverse the motor.

The technical problem that can be solved by implementing the utility model is the creation of an adjustable reversible AC electric drive with a collector motor powered by a single-phase AC voltage network with the possibility of reversing by changing the polarity of the supply voltage on the excitation winding of the collector motor.

The solution to this technical problem is achieved by the fact that in a controlled reversible AC electric drive with a collector motor powered by a single-phase AC voltage network containing a semiconductor bridge, the first input of which is connected to the supply voltage phase, and the first input of the armature of the collector motor is connected to its second input, and the field winding, according to a utility model, the semiconductor bridge is made on four triacs. The first triac is connected between the first and third inputs of the semiconductor bridge, the second triac is connected between the first and fourth inputs of the semiconductor bridge, the third triac is connected between the third and second inputs of the semiconductor bridge, the fourth triac is connected between the fourth and second inputs of the semiconductor bridge. The field winding is connected between the third and fourth inputs of the semiconductor bridge, and the second input of the armature of the collector motor is connected to zero supply voltage.

The reverse of the collector motor is carried out by switching the corresponding pair of triacs, which leads to a change in the polarity of the applied voltage supplied to the excitation winding of the collector motor. So when the first and fourth triac operate, the engine rotates forward, while the second and third triac operate, the engine rotates backward.

The proposed model is illustrated in the drawing, where in FIG. 1 shows a power model of an adjustable reversible AC electric drive with a collector motor powered by a single-phase AC voltage circuit; FIG. 2 is a clock diagram of the operation of an adjustable reversible AC electric drive with a collector motor when powered by a single-phase AC voltage circuit at different opening angles of the triacs.

In addition, the drawing further shows the following:

Ф - phase of the supply voltage;

O - zero supply voltage;

S1-S4 - triacs;

ATS - the excitation winding of the collector motor;

I am the anchor of the commutator motor;

~ - alternating supply voltage;

U - alternating supply voltage;

α1-α2 - feed angles of the control signal;

t1-t8 - moments of time of opening or closing of triacs;

U1, U2 - the average value of the voltage supplied to the collector motor.

An adjustable reversible AC electric drive with a collector motor powered by a single-phase alternating voltage network contains a semiconductor bridge, in which a supply voltage phase (Ф) is connected to the first input 1, and the first input 3 of the armature 4 (I) of the collector motor is connected to the second input 2. The second input 5 of the armature 4 (I) of the collector motor is connected to zero (O) of the supply voltage. Between the third input 6 and the fourth input 7 of the semiconductor bridge, an excitation winding 8 (ATS) is connected. The semiconductor bridge is made on four triacs - the first triac 9 (S1) _r connected between the first input I and the third input 6 of the semiconductor bridge, the second triac 10 (S2) connected between the first input 1 and the fourth input 7 of the semiconductor bridge, the third triac 11 (S3 ) connected between the third input 6 and the second input 2 of the semiconductor bridge, the fourth triac 12 (S4), connected between the fourth input 7 and the second input 2 of the semiconductor bridge.

To the third input 6 of the semiconductor bridge is connected to the first input 13 of the excitation winding 8 (ATS). To the fourth input 7 of the semiconductor bridge is connected to the second input 14 of the excitation winding 8 (ATS).

The work of an adjustable reversible AC electric drive with a collector motor when powered by a single-phase AC voltage network is as follows.

When the engine rotates forward, both positive and negative half-waves open triac 9 (S1) and 12 (S4). Then, in the positive half-wave, the motor is powered along the following circuit: phase (Ф) of the supply voltage, first input 1 of the semiconductor bridge, first triac 9 (S1), third input 6 of the semiconductor bridge, excitation winding 8 (ATS), fourth input 7 of the semiconductor bridge, the fourth triac 12 (S4), the second input 2 of the semiconductor bridge, the armature 4 (I) of the motor, zero (O) of the supply voltage. In the negative half-wave, the motor is powered along the following circuit: zero (O) supply voltage, motor armature 4 (I), second input 2 of the semiconductor bridge, fourth triac 12 (S4), fourth input 7 of the semiconductor bridge, excitation winding 8 (ATS), the third input 6 of the semiconductor bridge, the first triac 9 (S1), the first input 1 of the semiconductor bridge, phase (f) of the supply voltage. Thus, the current in the positive half-wave flows in the excitation winding 8 (ATS) from the third input 6 to the fourth input 7 of the semiconductor bridge, and in the armature 4 (I) of the motor from its first input 3 to the second input 5.

When the engine rotates back into both positive and negative half-waves, the second triac 10 (S2) and the third triac 11 (S3) are open. Then, in the positive half-wave, the motor is powered along the following circuit: phase (Ф) of the supply voltage, the first input 1 of the semiconductor bridge, the second triac 10 (S2), the fourth input 7 of the semiconductor bridge, the excitation winding 8 (ATS), the third input 6 of the semiconductor bridge, the third triac 11 (S3), the second input of the semiconductor bridge, the armature 4 (I) of the motor, zero (O) of the supply voltage. In the negative half-wave, the motor is powered along the following circuit: zero (O) supply voltage, motor armature 4 (I), second input 2 of the semiconductor bridge, third triac 11 (S3), third input 6 of the semiconductor bridge, excitation winding 8 (ATS), the fourth input 7 of the semiconductor bridge, the second triac 10 (S2), the first input 1 of the semiconductor bridge, phase (f) of the supply voltage. Thus, the current in the positive half-wave flows in the excitation winding 8 (ATS) from the fourth input 7 to the third input 6 of the semiconductor bridge, and in the armature 4 (I) of the motor from its first input 3 to the second input 5. Changing the direction of the current flowing in the field winding 8 (ATS) in the positive half-wave, the direction of rotation of the motor changes, since the direction of the current flow in the armature 4 (I) does not change in the positive half-wave.

When the motor rotates forward while applying a control signal with an angle α1 at time t1, a positive half-wave of the supply voltage arrives at the first triac 9 (S1) and the fourth triac 12 (S4), the current flows in the circuit along the circuit: phase (Ф) of the supply voltage, first input 1 of the semiconductor bridge, the first triac 9 (S1), the third input 6 of the semiconductor bridge, the excitation winding 8 (ATS), the fourth input 7 of the semiconductor bridge, the fourth triac 12 (S4), the second input 2 of the semiconductor bridge, the first input 3 of the armature 4 ( I) engine, second input 5 anchors 4 ( I) motor, zero (0) supply voltage up to time t2. The voltage U1 is applied to the engine (Fig. 2).

At time t2, the voltage in the circuit becomes zero, and the triac 9 (S1) and triac 12 (S4) will automatically close. In the time interval from t2 to t3, the triac 9 (S1) and the triac 12 (S4) are closed, and the current does not flow through the motor. At time t3, the same triacs open, they receive a negative half-wave of the supply voltage, and the current in the circuit begins to flow from zero (O) of the supply voltage to phase (Ф) along the following circuit: zero (O) of the supply voltage, second input 5 motor anchors 4 (I), the first input 3 of the motor anchors 4 (I), the second input 2 of the semiconductor bridge, triac 12 (S4), the fourth input 7 of the semiconductor bridge, the field winding 8 (ATS), the third input 6 of the semiconductor bridge, triac 9 (S1), the first input 1 of the semiconductor bridge, phase (Ф) of the supply voltage yazheniya.

Further, from the moment t4, the tripping process of the triacs is repeated. When the opening angle α of the triacs is changed, for example, the time t5, the angle α2, the value of the voltage U2 supplied to the engine changes, and thereby the speed of the engine changes. When applying different voltage values to the engine, different engine speeds can be obtained.

When the motor rotates backward when a control signal with an angle α1 is applied at time t1, a positive half-wave of the supply voltage is supplied to the triacs 10 (S2) and 11 (S3), current flows in the circuit along the circuit: phase (Ф) of the supply voltage, the first input 1 bridge, triac 10 (S2), fourth input 7 of the semiconductor bridge, excitation winding 8 (ATS), third input 6 of the semiconductor bridge, triac 11 (S3), second input 2 of the semiconductor bridge, the first input 3 of the armature 4 (I) of the motor, the second input 5 of the armature 4 (I) of the motor, zero (O) supply voltage about time t2. The motor receives voltage U1.

At time t2, the voltage in the circuit becomes zero and the triacs 10 (S2) and 11 (S3) will automatically close. In the section from t2 to t3, the triacs 10 (S2) and 11 (S3) are closed, and the current does not flow through the motor. At time t3, the same triacs open, they receive a negative half-wave of the supply voltage, and the current in the circuit begins to flow from zero (O) of the supply voltage to phase (Ф) along the following circuit: zero (O) of the supply voltage, second input 5 motor anchors 4 (I), the first input 3 of the motor anchors 4 (I), the second input 2 of the semiconductor bridge, triac 11 (S3), the third input 6 of the semiconductor bridge, excitation winding 8 (ATS), the fourth input 7 of the semiconductor bridge, triac 10 (S2), first input 1 of the semiconductor bridge, phase (Ф) of the supply voltage shreds.

Further, from the moment t ₄ , the tripping process of the triacs is repeated. When the opening angle α of the triacs is changed, for example, the time t5, the angle α2, the value of the voltage U2 supplied to the engine changes, and thereby the speed of the engine changes. When applying different voltage values to the engine, different engine speeds can be obtained.

Thus, the proposed device allows you to smoothly adjust the speed of rotation of the collector motor with the possibility of reverse

Claims (1)

An adjustable reversible AC electric drive with a collector motor powered by a single-phase AC voltage network, containing a semiconductor bridge, the first input of which is connected to the supply voltage phase, and the second input of which is connected to the first input of the collector motor armature, and an excitation winding, characterized in that the semiconductor the bridge is made on four triacs, with the first triac connected between the first and third inputs of the semiconductor bridge, the second triac connected I am waiting for the first and fourth inputs of the semiconductor bridge, the third triac is connected between the third and second inputs of the semiconductor bridge, the fourth triac is connected between the fourth and second inputs of the semiconductor bridge, the field winding is connected between the third and fourth inputs of the semiconductor bridge, and the second input of the armature of the collector motor is connected to zero supply voltage.

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