RU144507U1 - SEMICONDUCTOR CONTROLLED REVERSOR OF SERIAL AC MOTOR - Google Patents

Abstract

A semiconductor controlled reverser of a series AC electric motor containing the first and second semiconductor switches, the combined first terminals of which are connected through the field winding of the electric motor to the first output of the supply network, the third semiconductor switch, the first output of which is connected to the second output of the first semiconductor switch associated with the first output motor armature windings, a fourth semiconductor switch, the first terminal of which is connected to the second terminal of the second semiconductor key, associated with the second terminal of the armature winding of the motor armature, wherein the combined second terminals of the third and fourth semiconductor switches are connected to the second terminal of the power supply network, characterized in that the first, second, third and fourth semiconductor switches use the first, second, third and fourth triacs, respectively, and a single-phase alternating current supply network was used as the supply network, and the combined first outputs of the first and second semiconductor switches are connected through the field winding of an electric motor with a phase of a single-phase AC mains, and the combined second terminals of the third and fourth semiconductor switches are connected to zero of the single-phase AC mains.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to semiconductor reversers of series-series electric motors included in a single-phase AC power supply, and can be used to reverse series-series electric motors by changing the direction of the current in the winding of the motor armature.

Known semiconductor controlled speed controller of the collector motor, containing a semiconductor key connected to the phase and the armature of the motor, the second output of which is connected through the excitation winding of the motor to zero of the mains. As a semiconductor key, counter-parallel thyristors are used, one of which is connected by an anode to the motor armature and the cathode is connected to the phase of the single-phase power supply network, and the other by the cathode is connected to the motor armature and the anode is connected to the phase of the single-phase power supply network, or triac, one output which is connected to the phase of a single-phase supply network, and the other output is connected to an armature, or transistors connected in parallel to one another, one of which is connected by an emitter to the phase of a single-phase supply network minute, and the collector is connected to the armature of the motor, and the other collector is connected to the phase-phase supply network, and the emitter is connected to the armature (patent RU 91237, IPC H02P 25/10 (2006.01), H02P 25/14 (2006.01)).

The main disadvantage of the described semiconductor controlled speed controller of the collector motor is the inability to reverse the electric motor, since the controlled semiconductor switch, which is used as a thyristor, or triac, or transistor, is intended only for passing alternating current and controlling the supply of alternating voltage.

The closest to the proposed utility model in terms of technical nature and the achieved result (prototype) - providing electric motor reverse - is a semiconductor reversing switch of a serial series excitation motor, containing the first and second semiconductor switches, the combined first conclusions of which are connected through the excitation winding of the electric motor to the first output of the supply network , a third semiconductor switch, the first terminal of which is connected to the second terminal of the first semiconductor Vågå key associated with a first terminal of the armature winding of the motor, a fourth semiconductor switch, a first terminal connected to the second terminal of the second semiconductor switch connected to a second terminal of the armature winding of the motor. The combined second terminals of the third and fourth semiconductor switches are connected to the second terminal of the supply network. As the first, second, third and fourth semiconductor switches, the first, second, third and fourth semiconductor diodes are used, but with the obligatory preliminary polarity reversal of the constant power supply. A change in the direction of the current of the field winding of the electric motor occurs when the polarity of the applied voltage changes. As a supply network, a single-phase direct current supply network with an additional external polarity reversal was used to power an electric drive of a series electric motor (Kagan V.G. Semiconductor systems with sequential excitation motors / V.G. Kagan. - M.: Energy, 1971. - P. 42, Fig. 19-b).

The main disadvantages of the described semiconductor switch seriesnogo reversible motor of series excitation are possible absence of automatic adjustment of the motor rotation direction due to the presence of DC, the polarity of which is necessary to change the additional external force reversing switches, lack of adjustment of the motor rotation speed due to the use of unguided semiconductor diodes, and Improving e dimensions due to the need to use an AC rectifier for converting alternating current into direct current as the power supply installation.

The proposed utility model solves the problem of reversing a series electric motor powered by a single-phase alternating current, in the absence of using additional rectifier power switches, smoothly regulating the rotation speed of the electric motor by controlling the opening angle of the power triacs and reducing the installation size.

To solve this problem, in a semiconductor controlled reverser of a series AC electric motor containing the first and second semiconductor switches, the combined first terminals of which are connected through the field winding of the electric motor to the first output of the supply network, the third semiconductor switch, the first terminal of which is connected to the second terminal of the first semiconductor switch associated with the first terminal of the motor armature winding, a fourth semiconductor switch, the first terminal of which is connected to the second terminal of the second semiconductor key associated with the second terminal of the motor armature winding, the combined second terminals of the third and fourth semiconductor switches are connected to the second terminal of the supply network, according to the utility model, the first, second, fourth, and fourth semiconductor switches are used the third and fourth triacs, respectively, and a single-phase alternating current supply network was used as the supply network. In this case, the combined first terminals of the first and second semiconductor switches are connected through the field winding of the electric motor to the phase of the single-phase AC mains, and the combined second terminals of the third and fourth semiconductor switches are connected to zero of the single-phase AC network.

The reverse of a series-driven electric motor powered by a single-phase alternating current is due to the use of triacs as semiconductor switches, and a single-phase alternating current supply as a supply network.

Ensuring smooth regulation of the motor rotation speed is due to a change in the opening angle of the triacs, which allows you to change the magnitude of the applied voltage to the motor armature winding and thereby change the motor rotation speed.

The reduction in installation dimensions is due to the use of a single-phase AC network as the supply network, in the absence of the need for additional use of an AC rectifier for converting alternating current to direct current.

The proposed utility model is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a circuit diagram of a semiconductor controlled reverser of a series electric alternating current motor.

In addition, the drawing further shows the following:

- f - phase;

- 0 - zero;

- VS1-VS4 - triacs;

- ATS - field winding of a series electric motor;

- I am the anchor of the series electric motor;

- a horizontal solid single line with an arrow pointing from left to right shows the positive direction of the alternating current in the excitation winding of the electric motor when the electric motor is in the forward direction;

- a horizontal dotted single line with an arrow pointing from right to left shows the negative direction of the alternating current in the field winding of the electric motor when the electric motor is in the forward direction;

- a vertical solid curved line with an arrow pointing upward shows the positive direction of the alternating current in the winding of the motor armature when the motor is operating in the opposite direction;

- a horizontal dashed curved line with an arrow pointing from right to left shows the negative direction of the alternating current in the field winding of the electric motor when the electric motor is operating in the opposite direction;

- a horizontal continuous curly line with an arrow pointing from left to right, shows the positive direction of the alternating current in the excitation winding of the electric motor when the electric motor is operating in the opposite direction;

- a vertical solid single line with an arrow pointing from top to bottom shows the positive direction of the alternating current in the winding of the motor armature when the motor is in the forward direction;

- the vertical dashed single line with the arrow pointing from the bottom up shows the negative direction of the alternating current in the winding of the motor armature when the motor is in the forward direction;

- a vertical dashed curved line with an arrow pointing from top to bottom shows the negative direction of alternating current in the winding of the motor armature when the motor is operating in the opposite direction.

A semiconductor controlled reverser of a series AC electric motor contains four semiconductor switches, four triacs being used as these. As a power supply network, a single-phase AC power supply network was used.

The first terminal 1 of the excitation motor winding is connected to the phase of the single-phase AC mains supply, the second terminal 2 of the electric field winding of the motor is connected to the first terminal 3 of the first semiconductor switch 4 (VS1), which is used as the first triac, and to the first terminal 5 of the second semiconductor switch 6 (VS2), which is used as the second triac. Thus, the combined first terminals 3 and 5 of the first semiconductor switch 4 (VS1) and the second semiconductor switch 6 (VS2) are respectively connected through the field winding of the electric motor to the first terminal of the single-phase AC mains, i.e., to the phase.

The second terminal 7 of the first semiconductor switch 4 (VS1) is connected to the first terminal 8 of the third semiconductor switch 9 (VS3), which is the third triac, and connected to the first terminal 10 of the motor armature winding.

The second terminal 11 of the second semiconductor switch 6 (VS2) is connected to the first terminal 12 of the fourth semiconductor switch 13 (VS4), the fourth triac being used, and connected to the second terminal 14 of the motor armature winding.

The second terminal 15 of the third semiconductor switch 9 (VS3) and the second terminal 16 of the fourth semiconductor switch 13 (VS4) are connected to zero single-phase AC mains. Thus, the combined second terminals 15 and 16 of the third semiconductor switch 9 (VS3) and the fourth semiconductor switch 13 (VS4) are connected to the second terminal of the single-phase AC mains, that is, to zero of the single-phase AC mains.

The semiconductor controlled reverser of a series electric alternating current motor is as follows.

When the motor is operating in the forward direction, current flows through the first semiconductor switch 4 (VS1) and the fourth semiconductor switch 13 (VS4). In the positive half-wave, the first semiconductor switch 4 (VS1) and the fourth semiconductor switch 13 (VS4) open, the current flows from the mains phase along the excitation winding of the electric motor in the direction shown by a horizontal solid single line with an arrow, from left to right, through the first semiconductor switch 4 (VS1) and the fourth semiconductor switch 13 (VS4) on the motor armature winding, to zero single-phase AC mains. Current flows to the negative half-wave from zero of the single-phase AC mains supply through the winding of the motor armature through the fourth semiconductor switch 13 (VS4) and the first semiconductor switch 4 (VS1), along the motor excitation winding in the direction shown by the horizontal dashed single line with the arrow pointing to the right to the left, to the phase of a single-phase AC mains.

When the motor is operating in the opposite direction, the first semiconductor switch 4 (VS1) and the fourth semiconductor switch 13 (VS4) are closed, and current flows through the second semiconductor switch 6 (VS2) and the third semiconductor switch 9 (VS3). In the positive half-wave, the second semiconductor switch 6 (VS2) and the third semiconductor switch 9 (VS3) open, the current flows from the phase of the single-phase AC mains supply through the excitation winding of the electric motor through the second semiconductor switch 6 (VS2) and the third semiconductor switch 9 (VS3), along the winding of the motor armature in the direction shown by a vertical solid curved line with an arrow pointing from the bottom up to zero of a single-phase AC mains. In the negative half-wave, the current flows from zero of the supply network along the winding of the motor armature through the third semiconductor switch 9 (VS3) and the second semiconductor switch 6 (VS2), along the motor excitation winding in the direction shown by the horizontal dashed curved line with the arrow pointing from right to left to phase of a single-phase AC mains supply.

By changing the opening angle of the first, second, third, and fourth triacs, you can change the magnitude of the applied voltage to the winding of the motor armature and thereby change the speed of rotation of the motor.

Thus, on the basis of the foregoing, it can be concluded that the proposed utility model has advantages over the prototype, providing reverse of the series electric motor powered by single-phase alternating current, without the use of additional power switches, the ability to smoothly control the speed of rotation of the electric motor by using power triacs, reduction in size and, consequently, increased efficiency.

Claims (1)

A semiconductor controlled reverser of a series AC electric motor containing the first and second semiconductor switches, the combined first terminals of which are connected through the field winding of the electric motor to the first output of the supply network, the third semiconductor switch, the first output of which is connected to the second output of the first semiconductor switch associated with the first output motor armature windings, a fourth semiconductor switch, the first terminal of which is connected to the second terminal of the second semiconductor key, associated with the second terminal of the armature winding of the motor armature, wherein the combined second terminals of the third and fourth semiconductor switches are connected to the second terminal of the power supply network, characterized in that the first, second, third and fourth semiconductor switches use the first, second, third and fourth triacs, respectively, and a single-phase alternating current supply network was used as the supply network, and the combined first outputs of the first and second semiconductor switches are connected through the field winding of an electric motor with a phase of a single-phase AC mains, and the combined second terminals of the third and fourth semiconductor switches are connected to zero of the single-phase AC mains.