RU1805864C - Granulated tea production plant - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: the proposed installation is intended to obtain a granular spherical. or pea-shaped tea leaves or crumbs and seeds. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: a granule has a shell more saturated with extractive substances than the core of a granule. This leads to the fact that the surface shell is more durable and protects the granule from destruction. The core of the granule has a more porous structure than the shell of the granule. Due to such a redistribution of the extractives over the volume of the granule and obtaining stable geometric dimensions and physico-mechanical properties of the granules, the quality of the finished product is improved. The redistribution of extractive substances is achieved by vibrational rolling of cylindrical granules during joint processing with a drying agent. And the stability of the granule parameters due to the preliminary compaction of the prepared tea raw material is ensured by the presence of a preliminary compaction device installed in front of the molding machine. The installation elements are devices and machines used in the food and tea industry, the order of their installation in the technological chain is determined by the technological process, the granulation and preliminary heat treatment unit is made in the form of a vibro-granulator. 2 C.P.F., 4 ill., 1 tab. ate with

Description

The group of inventions, both the installation and the production facility of the installation, relates to the food industry and can be used in the processing of tea raw materials into granulated tea.

The aim of the invention is to improve the quality of the finished product, its degree of preservation and taste characteristics in the process of brewing by making it possible to obtain granules with stable strength and geometric parameters, by redistributing the extractives in the core and shell of the granules.

This is achieved in that in a known device for producing a granular product from dry fine tea, comprising an extractor, a tank for a binder component, a mixer of tea raw materials with a binder, a grinder, a mixer for tea raw materials with a binder and an extract , a molding machine, a granulation and preliminary heat treatment unit and a drying machine, the installation is equipped with a preliminary sealing device installed in front of the molding machine, and a granulation unit for preliminary heat treatment made in the form of a vibratory granulator.

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The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of the finished product, its degree of preservation and taste characteristics during the brewing process by making it possible to obtain granules with stable strength and geometric parameters by redistributing the extractives in the core and shell of the granules.

This is achieved by the fact that in the known tea granule made from crushed tea raw materials rolled into a spherical or pea-shaped porous body, the granule body contains a core and a shell, and the ratio of the content of porosity coefficients of tea raw materials in the core and shell is 2.,. 3, the ratio the content of extractive substances in them is 0.3 ... 0.5, and the ratio of the diameters of the core and granules is 0.5 ... 0.8.

The claimed group of inventions is united by a single common inventive concept, since one of the claimed objects of the group is a plant for producing a granular product from tea raw materials, the other. - tea granule obtained on this installation.

Fig. 1 shows an arrangement of elements in an installation; figure 2 is a diagram of a tea granule; Figs. 3 and 4 are diagrams of a vibratory granulator and a device for pre-compaction.

The device consists of the following main elements: 1 - extractor, 2 - a tank for a binder component, 3 - an extract mixer with a binder, 4 - a container for a binder, 5 - a grinder, 6 - a device for mixing tea raw materials, 7 - a tea raw material mixer with a binder and an extract, 8 - a preliminary compaction unit, 9 - a molding machine, 10 - a vibratory granulator, 11 - a drying machine,: 12 - a conveyor, 14 tea granule.

The tea granule consists of a shell 15 and a core 16. Position 13 in the diagram indicates the supply of a drying agent to the vibratory granulator.

The installation is a set of the above listed elements installed in the sequence indicated in Fig. 1. Their order is determined by the sequence of the technological process of obtaining the granular product (production method). The elements of the installation are technological machines manufactured and used in the tea and food industry /

Two elements of the installation require some explanation - pre-seal installation (8) and vibration granulator (10). The vibro-granulator (Fig. 3) is a hopper (17) mounted on elastic elements (19) and kinematically connected to a vibrator (18), a drying agent is fed into the hopper through a feed pipe (20) and discharged through a loading or unloading knot. The device provides pellets from cylindrical to spherical or pea-shaped. The pre-seal installation (Fig. 4) is a container in the form of a tank (21) mounted on elastic elements (23) and kinematically connected to a vibroconductor (22), which allows the tea raw materials to be densified by vibration to the required density (porosity) )

Installation works as follows. In the extractor (1) tea is obtained

tea raw material extract (eg, crumbs and seeds) and mixed with a binder coming from a binder tank (20, in an extract mixer with a binder (3).

in the mixer, the component enters the binder container (4). In parallel to this process, grinding of tea raw materials in the grinder (5) is carried out, after which the crushed tea raw materials get into the device

to mix the tea raw materials (6) and further into the tea raw materials mixer with a binder and an extract. Thus prepared tea raw materials enriched with an additional extract and binder

(flavoring) substance, is sealed in a pre-compaction device (8) and is formed in a molding machine (9), where tea raw materials are formed into cylindrical granules, which:

then they are rolled into a granular vibrator (10) into granules. spherical or pea-shaped. form when treated with a drying agent. After the granule is in its final form, it is dried in a tumble dryer (11).

In the production of tea, the quality of the finished product is evaluated using methods of chemical, biochemical and physical-mechanical analysis, as well as

organoleptic, which is still the main one. Dry tea (color, uniformity of composition in size and shape, presence of impurities) is evaluated using the organoleptic method, while brewing tea, the appearance of the tea is present (color intensity, degradability of granules, presence of suspensions, etc.). the infusion itself (taste and aroma).

. If in the production of granules it is possible to achieve uniformity in geometric dimensions (shape), internal structure, then

the granules will have a uniform appearance and homogeneous physicochemical properties, which will make it possible to more effectively carry out subsequent granular tea production operations, for example, drying. Also, create granulated tea that completely extends extractive substances in hot water and does not deteriorate. And this depends on the internal structure of the granules, on the temperature of molding, the size of the granules and their shape.

In order to obtain high-quality granular tea, it is necessary to solve the contradictory problem, which is associated with the need to more fully extract extractives from the tea granule without destroying it when brewing, in order to maintain the purity of the present. With increasing density of granules, as a rule, the strength of granules increases, as in dry form, so when brewing, but the extraction of extractives is difficult. Whereas it is necessary that the output of extractive substances take no more than 5 minutes. The usual way to obtain granules of high porosity and strength is impossible.

In the proposed installation, the production of granules of the claimed structure is provided as follows. When molding granules by extrusion without preliminary compaction, the process of compaction of tea raw materials takes place directly in a molding machine (extruder). Therefore, because of this, the extrusion process is unstable, which affects the uniformity in density of the obtained granules, the temperature regime of extrusion, and, therefore, the physicomechanical characteristics of the molded granules. Obtaining granules uniform in density and physico-mechanical characteristics is possible only with steady extrusion, which is ensured by preliminary compaction of the extrudable material, which is implemented in the proposed installation. In this case, the granules are obtained with stable Characteristics, which is important for obtaining a finished product of high quality.

Since the tea raw material is a viscous plastic mass, when the granules are intensively processed in a vibratory granulator, they are shaped - rolling into granules of a spherical shape or powder form. Such intensive processing cannot be achieved in drum granulators due to limitations on the critical speed of rotation of the drum at which the pelletizing process is stopped. The molding process is as follows. When the granules collide, plastic deformation occurs, while the extract is drained from the inner zones of the granule to the surface and only the surface layers of the granule are densified due to the viscous properties of the tea raw materials. Processing the granules with a drying agent at this time leads to

0 removing drained moisture from the surface of the granule. Extractive substances dissolved in this moisture remain on the surface of the granules. Thus, the redistribution of extractive

-5 substances by volume of the granule and compaction of the surface layer — granules are obtained that are strong and porous in the core.

The core porosity is increased due to -. moisture attraction with extractive substances in the absence of compaction of the granule base. What this gives Firstly, the combination of the rolling process with the drying facilitates the drying process due to the effect of the drainage of moisture upon impact of zero. Secondly, the quality of the finished product is improved. A durable surface layer prevents the granules from breaking during blending, storage and brewing. When such a tea is brewed, the extractive substances dissolve rapidly from the surface of the granule; in this case, the porosity of the surface layer increases and the extraction process proceeds from the granule core, which has sufficient porosity.

5 for maximum extraction of extractives / In this case

maximum use of biochemical

potential inherent in tea raw materials.

The table below summarizes the data. laboratory laboratory studies of tea granules, on the basis of which the ranges of physicomechanical characteristics of tea granules that are significant in relation to the goal have been determined.

5 In accordance with the recommendations, the diameter of the granules should be between 1 mm and 5 mm. The lower limit is limited by the dispersed composition of tea raw materials, the particles of which cannot be less than 0.1-0.2

0 mm (tea leaf thickness). The upper limit of 5 mm is due to the fact that with an increase in the size of the granules it becomes more difficult to extrude from the inner regions of the granules. The ratio of the diameter of the core of the pellet to

5, the thickness of the surface layer is determined by the viscous properties of tea raw materials, the amount of extractives and enrichment additives. The ratio of the porosity of these regions also depends on the overestimated parameters and the greatest

porosity in the core should be higher than 0.26, and at the surface, lower than 0.26 to ensure the strength of the granules.

The inventive installation provides the production of granules of the claimed structure. Such a structure and stable geometric and physico-mechanical properties provide an increase in the quality of the finished product by 0.25-0.5 points due to a more complete use of the biochemical potential of tea raw materials and non-destruction of granules during brewing, which ensures the clearness of the tea particles. Due to a more complete and faster yield of extractives, the aroma of tea is improved. Improving the quality of tea by 0.25-0.5 points makes it possible to evaluate a product from tea raw materials with a higher grade than a product obtained in another way from the same quality raw materials.

Claims (2)

Formula of shaving 1. Tea granule made of crushed tea raw materials, rolled into a porous body of a spherical or pea-shaped shape, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of the finished product, its degree of preservation and taste characteristics in the process of brewing by providing the possibility of obtaining granules with stable strength and geometric parameters due to the redistribution of the content of extractives in the core and the shell of the granules, the body of the granule contains a core and shell, respectively porosity ratio tea raw materials in the core and shell are 2-3, the ratio of the content of extractive substances in them is 0.3-0.5, and the ratio of the diameters of the core and granules is 0.5-0.8. 2. Plant for producing a granular product. From tea raw materials, including an extractor, a tank for a binder component, an extract mixer with a binder, a shredder, a mixer tea raw material with a binder and an extract, a molding machine, a granulation and preliminary heat treatment unit and a drying machine, characterized in that in order to improve the quality of the finished product, its preservation and taste characteristics in the process of brewing by making it possible obtaining granules with stable strength and geometric parameters due to the redistribution of the content of extractives in the core and the shell of the granules, the installation is equipped with a pre-seal device installed in front of the molding machine, and the block of granulation and preliminary heat treatment is made in the form of a vibro-granulator.