NO311855B1 - Method and burner head for combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels - Google Patents
Method and burner head for combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO311855B1 NO311855B1 NO19980247A NO980247A NO311855B1 NO 311855 B1 NO311855 B1 NO 311855B1 NO 19980247 A NO19980247 A NO 19980247A NO 980247 A NO980247 A NO 980247A NO 311855 B1 NO311855 B1 NO 311855B1
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- burner head
- flame tube
- flame
- combustion
- head according
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 26
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002301 combined effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
- F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
- F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
- F23C9/006—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber the recirculation taking place in the combustion chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
- F23D17/002—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2202/00—Fluegas recirculation
- F23C2202/30—Premixing fluegas with combustion air
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Oppfinnelsen vedrører et brennerhode, som kan benyttes i brennere for gass- og/eller oljefyringsanlegg, og en fremgangsmåte for forbrenning av flytende eller gassformede brennstoffer i de nevnte anlegg. The invention relates to a burner head, which can be used in burners for gas and/or oil-fired plants, and a method for burning liquid or gaseous fuels in the aforementioned plants.
Immisjon av forbrenningsgasser fra gass- og oljefyringsanlegg forårsaker betydelige mljøbelastninger som følge av skadelige stoffer som oppstår under forbrenningen. Danningen av noen skadelige stoffer kan påvirkes ved hjelp av primærtiltak under fyringsstyringen henholdsvis i brenneren, og kan reduseres på en virksom måte. Tilføring av forbrenningsluft, bruk av brennstoffene såvel som en blanding med tilbakeførte avgasser har stor betydning ved redusering av miljøbelastningene. Immission of combustion gases from gas and oil-fired plants causes significant environmental pollution as a result of harmful substances that occur during combustion. The formation of some harmful substances can be affected by means of primary measures during the combustion control or in the burner, and can be reduced in an effective way. The supply of combustion air, the use of fuels as well as a mixture with recirculated exhaust gases are of great importance in reducing environmental impacts.
Hensikten med oppfinnelsen er å tilveiebringe en fremgangsmåte såvel som et brennerhode, som gir betydelig reduksjon av NOx-dannelsen under forbrenningen og som også muliggjør en forbrenning av brennstoffet ved lav flammetemperatur og lite energiforbruk. The purpose of the invention is to provide a method as well as a burner head, which provides a significant reduction of NOx formation during combustion and which also enables combustion of the fuel at a low flame temperature and low energy consumption.
Dette oppnås med de trekk som er angitt i patentkravene 1 og 2. De uselvstendige krav angir ytterligere fordelaktige utførelsesformer av oppfinnelsen. This is achieved with the features stated in patent claims 1 and 2. The independent claims state further advantageous embodiments of the invention.
Fremgangsmåten for forbrenning av gassformede og flytende brennstoffer i fyringsanlegg er kjennetegnet ved at en luftstrøm for forbrenningen føres gjennom et virvlingslegeme, og at det i et nedstrøms avsnitt av flammerøret tilveiebringes et undertrykk ved hjelp av ledeinnretninger og gjennombrudd i flammerøret, og ved at avgassen fra forbrenningen suges gjennom gjennombruddene og blandes med forbrenningsluften, samt at den i brennrommet forhåndenværende avgass blandes med det i brennrommet inndysede, ennå ikke antente brennstoff, og at det i en avstand foran brennerhodet tilveiebringes en flammefront. Virvlingslegemet og minst en forstøvningsdyse for brennstofftilførselen er anordnet i et flammerør, som rager inn i brennrommet i en kjele som del av et brennerhode i en brenner. The process for burning gaseous and liquid fuels in combustion plants is characterized by the fact that an air stream for the combustion is led through a swirling body, and that in a downstream section of the flame pipe a negative pressure is provided by means of guide devices and breakthroughs in the flame pipe, and by the fact that the exhaust gas from the combustion is sucked through the openings and mixed with the combustion air, and that the exhaust gas present in the combustion chamber is mixed with the injected, not yet ignited fuel injected into the combustion chamber, and that a flame front is provided at a distance in front of the burner head. The swirling body and at least one atomizing nozzle for the fuel supply are arranged in a flame tube, which projects into the combustion chamber of a boiler as part of a burner head in a burner.
Føringen av luftstrømmen gjennom virvlingslegemet gir en indre virvelstrømning som sammen med de med åpningene henholdsvis ledeinnretningene tilveiebragte virvlinger såvel som aksialluftstrømmen fører til en tilbakeføring av avgasser med små surstoff-andeler og til en intensiv blanding av brennstoff, avgass og luft. Dessuten dannes en flammefront ikke direkte ved brennerhodet, som ellers vanlig i konvensjonelle brennere, men i en viss avstand foran brennerhodet. Dessuten oppnås det fordelaktig en redusering av flammetemperaturen og således en sterk redusering av NOx-dannelsen. Særlig ved forbrenning av flytende brennstoffer oppnås en øket innblandingsflate for avgassene i oljetåken, samt en større forfordampning av oljetåken. Brennerhodet består av et flammerør, minst en forstøvningsdyse og/eller minst en gassdyse, idet flammerøret består av et omtrentlig sylindrisk avsnitt som går over i et avsmalnende avsnitt, hvor det nedstrøms er anordnet et ytterligere omtrentlig sylindrisk avsnitt, idet det i det nevnte nedstrøms avsnitt i flammerøret er anordnet gjennombrudd og innoverragende ledeinnretninger, og det i flammerøret er anordnet minst et virvlingslegeme. The guiding of the air flow through the vortex body produces an internal vortex flow which, together with the vortices provided by the openings and guide devices as well as the axial air flow, leads to a return of exhaust gases with small oxygen proportions and to an intensive mixture of fuel, exhaust gas and air. Moreover, a flame front is not formed directly at the burner head, as is usual in conventional burners, but at a certain distance in front of the burner head. In addition, a reduction in the flame temperature and thus a strong reduction in NOx formation is advantageously achieved. Particularly when burning liquid fuels, an increased mixing surface is achieved for the exhaust gases in the oil mist, as well as a greater pre-evaporation of the oil mist. The burner head consists of a flame tube, at least one atomizing nozzle and/or at least one gas nozzle, the flame tube consisting of an approximately cylindrical section that transitions into a tapered section, where a further approximately cylindrical section is arranged downstream, the said downstream section breakthroughs and inwardly projecting guide devices are arranged in the flame tube, and at least one vortex body is arranged in the flame tube.
Med et slikt brennerhode blir det mulig å oppnå en virvelstrømning i brennerhodet samt å tilbakeføre avgass til brennerhodet, slik at det muliggjøres en bedre blanding av luft, brennstoff og avgass. Dessuten muliggjøres det en tilveiebringelse av en stabil flammefront foran brennerhodet. Avstanden mellom flammefronten og brenneren er kjennetegnet av en blandingssone av avgasser, forbrenningsluft og brennstoffer, hvor det forefinnes vesentlig lavere temperaturer enn i den brennende flamme. Ved hjelp av dette brennerhodet kan NOx-innholdet i avgassen fra og med dette brennerhodet utstyrte gass-, fyringsolje- eller flerstoff-fyringer, og således miljøbelastningen, senkes. With such a burner head, it becomes possible to achieve a vortex flow in the burner head and to return exhaust gas to the burner head, so that a better mixture of air, fuel and exhaust gas is enabled. In addition, it enables the provision of a stable flame front in front of the burner head. The distance between the flame front and the burner is characterized by a mixing zone of exhaust gases, combustion air and fuels, where there are substantially lower temperatures than in the burning flame. With the help of this burner head, the NOx content in the exhaust gas from and including gas, fuel oil or multi-material firings equipped with this burner head can be lowered, and thus the environmental impact.
I en foretrukken utførelsesform er virvlingslegemet aksialt forskyvbart. Derved oppnås en optimalisering av virvelstrømningen. En foretrukken utførelsesform er en hvor det er anordnet åpninger i virvlingsløpet, gjennom hvilke løpninger luften kan tilføres aksialt, idet derved avstanden mellom flammefronten og brennerhodet påvirkes på en positiv måte. In a preferred embodiment, the vortex body is axially displaceable. Thereby, an optimization of the vortex flow is achieved. A preferred embodiment is one in which openings are arranged in the swirl channel, through which channels the air can be supplied axially, whereby the distance between the flame front and the burner head is affected in a positive way.
I flammerøret er fortrinnsvis ledeinnretningene gitt trekantform og rettet mot den foran brennrommet forhåndenværende blandingssone. Denne type ledeinnretninger gir en virkningsfull og effektiv dannelse av virvler, som fremmer blandingen av avgasser, forbrenningsluft og brennstoff. En særlig virkningsfull vinkel mellom ledeinnretningene og flammerøret er en vinkel mellom ledeinnretningene og flammerøret på mellom 30° og 40°. In the flame pipe, the guide devices are preferably given a triangular shape and directed towards the mixing zone in front of the combustion chamber. This type of guide device provides an effective and efficient formation of vortices, which promotes the mixing of exhaust gases, combustion air and fuel. A particularly effective angle between the guide devices and the flame tube is an angle between the guide devices and the flame tube of between 30° and 40°.
Ved anvendelse av gassdyser, som er anordnet i flammerøret, har det vist seg å være positivt for blandingen at gassdyseåpningene er rettet mot veggen i flammerøret. When using gas nozzles, which are arranged in the flame tube, it has been shown to be positive for the mixture that the gas nozzle openings are directed towards the wall of the flame tube.
Et utførelseseksempel skal nå beskrives nærmere under henvisning til tegningene, hvor: An embodiment example will now be described in more detail with reference to the drawings, where:
Fig. 1 viser et snitt gjennom et brennerhode, og Fig. 1 shows a section through a burner head, and
fig. 2 viser den skjematiske dannelse av en flamme i det nye brennerhode. fig. 2 shows the schematic formation of a flame in the new burner head.
Fig. 1 viser et brennerhode for forbrenning av gassformede og flytende brennstoffer. Fig. 1 shows a burner head for burning gaseous and liquid fuels.
Brennerhodet kan benyttes i ulike typer brennere. En slik brenner kan eksempelvis utgjøre en komponent i fyringsanlegg for varmtvannskjeler, dampfremstillere, termalolje-varmere, hetgass-varmere eller andre varmeinnretninger. Det inn i brennerrommet 17 ragende brennerhode består av et flammerør som har to sylindriske avsnitt 3 og et avsmalnende avsnitt 8. Like foran eller i avsnittet 8 er det anordnet et i aksial retning forskyvbart virvlingslegeme 6. Det nærmest brennerrommet 17 liggende sylindriske flammerøravsnitt 3 er forsynt med inn i flammerøret 3 ragende legemer eller ledeinnretninger 4, som her fortrinnsvis er utformet som trekantplater, og dette flamme-røravsnitt har også utsparinger eller gjennombrudd 5. Tilføringen av brennstoff skjer gjennom en ledning 13 på forstøvningsdysen 1, når det dreier seg om flytende brennstoffer, henholdsvis gjennom tilføringen 12 og gassdysene 2 når det dreier seg om gassformede brennstoffer. Virvlingslegemet 6 vil tilveiebringe en indre \drvelstrømning. Ved hjelp av virvlingslegemets aksiale innstilling kan det tilveiebringes et optimert forhold mellom aksiallutf-impuls og virvlings-impuls. Når forbrenningsluft 11 strømmer mot flatene 4 tilveiebringes det et undertrykk, som fører til innsuging av avgasser fra fyrrommet, henholdsvis brennerrommet 17 gjennom åpningene 5. Platene 4 i luft-strømmen henholdsvis luftgasstrømmen virker som virvelgeneratorer. På nedstrøms-siden bak hver plate vil det derfor danne seg to motløpende virvler. The burner head can be used in different types of burners. Such a burner can, for example, form a component in heating systems for hot water boilers, steam generators, thermal oil heaters, hot gas heaters or other heating devices. The burner head projecting into the burner chamber 17 consists of a flame tube which has two cylindrical sections 3 and a tapered section 8. Just in front of or in the section 8, an axially displaceable vortex body 6 is arranged. The cylindrical flame tube section 3 lying closest to the burner chamber 17 is provided with with bodies or guide devices 4 projecting into the flame tube 3, which here are preferably designed as triangular plates, and this flame tube section also has recesses or openings 5. The supply of fuel takes place through a line 13 on the atomizing nozzle 1, when it concerns liquid fuels , respectively through the supply 12 and the gas nozzles 2 when it concerns gaseous fuels. The vortex body 6 will provide an internal swirl flow. By means of the axial setting of the vortex body, an optimized ratio between axial air impulse and vortex impulse can be provided. When combustion air 11 flows towards the surfaces 4, a negative pressure is provided, which leads to the suction of exhaust gases from the boiler room, respectively the burner room 17 through the openings 5. The plates 4 in the air stream or the air gas stream act as vortex generators. On the downstream side behind each plate, two opposing vortices will therefore form.
Det eller de anvendte virvlingslegemer 6 er festet til en eller flere forskyvbare holdere 10. The vortex body(s) 6 used are attached to one or more displaceable holders 10.
I fig. 2 er dannelsen av en blandingssone 16 henholdsvis en flamme 18 vist skjematisk. Brennerhodet er ført gjennom veggen i fyrrommet i en brennermuffe 9. Avgass-resirkulering oppnås ved at gass strømmer inn gjennom åpningene 5 og ved at avgass (pilene 14) suges inn i den ikke brennende fordampnings-/blandingssone 16. En flammefront 15 dannes først i en viss avstand fra brennerhodet i brennrommet 17. Den hete flammen 18 danner seg først ved denne flammefront 15 og forbrenner avgass-, forbrenningsluft- og brennstoffblandingen. Dette oppnås som følge av den kombinerte virkning av den indre virvelimpulsstrøm, aksiallutfstrømmen og den intensive turbulens i virvlene. En lokal stabilisering kan fremmes ved bruk av en pilotbrenner eller støtte-brenner 7 (ikke vist i fig. 2). Dannelsen av flammefronten 15 foran brennerhodet fører i forbindelse med avgassinnsugingen gjennom åpningene 5 i flammerøret og økingen av blandingsintensiteten som følge av virvelgeneratorene til en redusering av flamrnetemperaturen og dermed til sterkt redusert NOx-dannelse. In fig. 2, the formation of a mixing zone 16 or a flame 18 is shown schematically. The burner head is led through the wall of the boiler room in a burner sleeve 9. Exhaust gas recirculation is achieved by gas flowing in through the openings 5 and by exhaust gas (arrows 14) being sucked into the non-burning evaporation/mixing zone 16. A flame front 15 is first formed in a certain distance from the burner head in the combustion chamber 17. The hot flame 18 first forms at this flame front 15 and burns the exhaust gas, combustion air and fuel mixture. This is achieved as a result of the combined effect of the internal vortex impulse flow, the axial airflow and the intensive turbulence in the vortices. A local stabilization can be promoted by using a pilot burner or support burner 7 (not shown in Fig. 2). The formation of the flame front 15 in front of the burner head leads, in connection with the exhaust gas intake through the openings 5 in the flame pipe and the increase in the mixing intensity as a result of the vortex generators, to a reduction of the flame temperature and thus to greatly reduced NOx formation.
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19704721A DE19704721B4 (en) | 1997-02-07 | 1997-02-07 | Process and combustion head for the combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO980247D0 NO980247D0 (en) | 1998-01-20 |
NO980247L NO980247L (en) | 1998-08-10 |
NO311855B1 true NO311855B1 (en) | 2002-02-04 |
Family
ID=7819635
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO19980247A NO311855B1 (en) | 1997-02-07 | 1998-01-20 | Method and burner head for combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0857915B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE218687T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE19704721B4 (en) |
NO (1) | NO311855B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT407907B (en) * | 1997-05-21 | 2001-07-25 | Oemv Ag | BURNERS, ESPECIALLY FOR HEATING OILS |
DE10205428A1 (en) * | 2002-02-09 | 2003-09-11 | Alstom Switzerland Ltd | Pre-mixed gas burner for heating system has conical swirl generator with vanes leading into mixing pipe with nozzle incorporating teeth acting as swirl generators |
DE102005038662B4 (en) | 2005-08-16 | 2007-08-23 | E.C.B. Gmbh | Combustion head and method for burning fuel |
DE102005049245A1 (en) * | 2005-10-14 | 2007-04-19 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Burner for flame, has flame window drawing inflammation by gas jet whereby flame window is so formed that flame guidance body meets drawing gas jet |
DE102007009922A1 (en) | 2007-02-27 | 2008-08-28 | Ulrich Dreizler | Liquid or gaseous fuel combusting method for combustion chamber, involves arranging individual flames, such that common flame forms hollow flame with appropriate hollow space downstream to baffle plate |
EP2037173B1 (en) | 2007-09-14 | 2011-11-16 | ELCO Burners GmbH | Burner head and method for one-step combustion of fuel in a combustion zone separated from the burner head |
DE102014105166B3 (en) * | 2014-03-12 | 2015-08-06 | Max Weishaupt Gmbh | Swirl generator for a burner and provided therewith mixing device and provided burner |
IT201600129822A1 (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2018-06-22 | Ecoflam Bruciatori S P A | LOW-EMISSION COMBUSTION HEAD OF NITROGEN OXIDES WITH OVER-LOCKING MUNICIPALITY WITH RECIRCULATION MEANS |
DE102017114570B4 (en) | 2017-06-29 | 2021-02-04 | MIchael Karlowsky | Burner head and combustion process |
IT201900006424A1 (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2020-10-29 | Stefano Pesce | Combustion head with internal recirculation and burner comprising the same |
CN217131272U (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2022-08-05 | 百得股份公司 | Reduced emission industrial combustor and apparatus |
IT202000028394A1 (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2022-05-25 | Baltur S P A | BURNER AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT WITH REDUCED EMISSIONS |
IT202000028400A1 (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2022-05-25 | Baltur S P A | BURNER AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT WITH REDUCED EMISSIONS |
IT202100023477A1 (en) | 2021-09-10 | 2023-03-10 | Shanghai Quanjie Envir Equip Co Ltd | COMBUSTION HEAD WITH INTERNAL RECIRCULATION AND BURNER INCLUDING THE SAME |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3923238C2 (en) * | 1989-07-14 | 1994-08-04 | Electro Oil Gmbh | Device for recycling combustion products |
DE3936461A1 (en) * | 1989-11-02 | 1991-05-08 | Koerting Ag | Mixer for oil burner with fan - has baffle at transition between tapering mixer tube and smaller one |
DE59010544D1 (en) * | 1990-12-19 | 1996-11-21 | Asea Brown Boveri | Burner head for the premixed combustion of a liquid fuel in an atmospheric furnace |
DE4229525A1 (en) * | 1992-09-07 | 1994-03-10 | Intercal Waermetechnik Gmbh | Mixing system for oil-atomising burner - has baffle plate forming bottom of vaporising cup inside tapering flame tube |
DE4237086A1 (en) * | 1992-11-03 | 1994-05-05 | Hans Georg Dipl Ing Zimmermann | Free-flowing-fuel burner with gas recirculation - has drillings evenly-spaced round burner tube at inlet end |
DE9321525U1 (en) * | 1993-07-20 | 1999-01-28 | Elco Klöckner Heiztechnik GmbH, 72379 Hechingen | Burners for the combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels in combustion plants |
-
1997
- 1997-02-07 DE DE19704721A patent/DE19704721B4/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-19 DE DE59707408T patent/DE59707408D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-19 EP EP97122516A patent/EP0857915B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-19 AT AT97122516T patent/ATE218687T1/en active
-
1998
- 1998-01-20 NO NO19980247A patent/NO311855B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0857915A2 (en) | 1998-08-12 |
DE19704721A1 (en) | 1998-08-13 |
NO980247D0 (en) | 1998-01-20 |
NO980247L (en) | 1998-08-10 |
EP0857915A3 (en) | 1999-06-16 |
DE59707408D1 (en) | 2002-07-11 |
DE19704721B4 (en) | 2006-08-17 |
ATE218687T1 (en) | 2002-06-15 |
EP0857915B1 (en) | 2002-06-05 |
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MM1K | Lapsed by not paying the annual fees |