NO20023071L - Fremgangsmåte for påföring av pulverbelegg på ikke-metalliske substrater - Google Patents
Fremgangsmåte for påföring av pulverbelegg på ikke-metalliske substraterInfo
- Publication number
- NO20023071L NO20023071L NO20023071A NO20023071A NO20023071L NO 20023071 L NO20023071 L NO 20023071L NO 20023071 A NO20023071 A NO 20023071A NO 20023071 A NO20023071 A NO 20023071A NO 20023071 L NO20023071 L NO 20023071L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- powder coating
- powder coatings
- metallic substrates
- applying powder
- substrate
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
- B05D1/04—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying involving the use of an electrostatic field
- B05D1/045—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying involving the use of an electrostatic field on non-conductive substrates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
- B05B5/03—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by the use of gas, e.g. electrostatically assisted pneumatic spraying
- B05B5/032—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by the use of gas, e.g. electrostatically assisted pneumatic spraying for spraying particulate materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
- B05B7/22—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Electric Cables (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
Det er beskrevet en fremgangsmåte for påføring av et pulverbelegg på et ikke-ledende substrat ved først å eksponere det ikke-ledende substratet mot en kombinasjon av damp og varme ved temperaturer mellom 70°C og 140°C i et tidsrom mellom 5 sekunder og opptil 10 minutter, etterfulgt av elektrostatisk påføring av et pulverbelegg på substratet som er slipt (grounded); denne enkle og pålitelige forbehandlingsmetoden tillater en effektiv påføring av pulverbelegg på ikke-ledende substrater som resulterer i uniform og jevn avsetning av pulverbelegget over hele overflaten omfattende kanter og uten noen negative effekter på den etterfølgende herdingen av pulverfilmen.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/697,997 US6458250B1 (en) | 2000-10-26 | 2000-10-26 | Process for the application of powder coatings to non-metallic substrates |
PCT/US2001/051386 WO2002042167A2 (en) | 2000-10-26 | 2001-10-26 | Process for the application of powder coatings to non-metallic substrates |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO20023071L true NO20023071L (no) | 2002-06-25 |
NO20023071D0 NO20023071D0 (no) | 2002-06-25 |
Family
ID=24803480
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO20023071A NO20023071D0 (no) | 2000-10-26 | 2002-06-25 | Fremgangsmåte for påföring av pulverbelegg på ikke-metalliske substrater |
Country Status (24)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6458250B1 (no) |
EP (1) | EP1330393B1 (no) |
JP (1) | JP2004514547A (no) |
KR (1) | KR20020074463A (no) |
CN (1) | CN1250339C (no) |
AT (1) | ATE320317T1 (no) |
AU (1) | AU774015B2 (no) |
BG (1) | BG106956A (no) |
BR (1) | BR0107427A (no) |
CA (1) | CA2395725A1 (no) |
CZ (1) | CZ294926B6 (no) |
DE (1) | DE60118027T2 (no) |
DK (1) | DK1330393T3 (no) |
EE (1) | EE200200347A (no) |
ES (1) | ES2259048T3 (no) |
HU (1) | HUP0302111A2 (no) |
MX (1) | MXPA02006361A (no) |
NO (1) | NO20023071D0 (no) |
PL (1) | PL362846A1 (no) |
PT (1) | PT1330393E (no) |
RU (1) | RU2271875C2 (no) |
SK (1) | SK8932002A3 (no) |
WO (1) | WO2002042167A2 (no) |
YU (1) | YU49302A (no) |
Families Citing this family (66)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050228117A1 (en) * | 2004-02-11 | 2005-10-13 | Decker Owen H | Near infrared radiation curable powder coating composition having enhanced flow characteristics |
US20050276917A1 (en) * | 2004-06-15 | 2005-12-15 | Helene Bolm | Process for the preparation of powder coatings |
DE102004043725A1 (de) * | 2004-09-10 | 2006-03-30 | Meinberg, Kurt | Verfahren zum Beschichten eines Werkstückes aus Holz oder einem Holzwerkstoff |
AU2005302266B2 (en) * | 2004-11-02 | 2009-09-10 | Valspar Sourcing, Inc. | Cement-based and fiber cement products |
EP1948574B1 (en) | 2005-11-15 | 2010-01-06 | Valspar Sourcing, Inc. | Crush resistant latex topcoat composition for fiber cement substrates |
US20100264224A1 (en) * | 2005-11-22 | 2010-10-21 | Lex Kosowsky | Wireless communication device using voltage switchable dielectric material |
US8293361B2 (en) | 2006-01-31 | 2012-10-23 | Valspar Sourcing, Inc. | Coating system for cement composite articles |
EP1979426A1 (en) | 2006-01-31 | 2008-10-15 | Valspar Sourcing, Inc. | Coating system for cement composite articles |
US9783622B2 (en) | 2006-01-31 | 2017-10-10 | Axalta Coating Systems Ip Co., Llc | Coating system for cement composite articles |
WO2007090132A1 (en) | 2006-01-31 | 2007-08-09 | Valspar Sourcing, Inc. | Method for coating a cement fiberboard article |
EP2361955B1 (en) | 2006-05-19 | 2014-12-17 | Valspar Sourcing, Inc. | Coating system for cement composite articles |
US7812090B2 (en) * | 2006-06-02 | 2010-10-12 | Valspar Sourcing, Inc. | High performance aqueous coating compositions |
CA2655125C (en) | 2006-06-02 | 2014-10-14 | Valspar Sourcing, Inc. | High performance aqueous coating compositions |
WO2008006109A1 (en) | 2006-07-07 | 2008-01-10 | Valspar Sourcing, Inc. | Coating systems for cement composite articles |
MX2008002220A (es) | 2007-02-16 | 2009-02-25 | Valspar Sourcing Inc | Tratamiento para articulos compuestos de cemento. |
US20090041958A1 (en) * | 2007-08-08 | 2009-02-12 | Gmerek Michael J | Non-metal consumer goods with aesthetic powder coating |
EP2212071B8 (en) | 2007-11-19 | 2013-07-17 | Välinge Innovation AB | Recycling of laminate floorings |
CA3047796C (en) | 2007-11-19 | 2021-05-04 | Valinge Innovation Ab | A method of producing a panel including a wood veneer layer, and such a panel |
US9783996B2 (en) | 2007-11-19 | 2017-10-10 | Valinge Innovation Ab | Fibre based panels with a wear resistance surface |
US20090220771A1 (en) * | 2008-02-12 | 2009-09-03 | Robert Fleming | Voltage switchable dielectric material with superior physical properties for structural applications |
US11235565B2 (en) | 2008-04-07 | 2022-02-01 | Valinge Innovation Ab | Wood fibre based panels with a thin surface layer |
US8419877B2 (en) | 2008-04-07 | 2013-04-16 | Ceraloc Innovation Belgium Bvba | Wood fibre based panels with a thin surface layer |
MX2011001736A (es) | 2008-08-15 | 2011-05-10 | Valspar Sourcing Inc | Composicion de recubrimiento de sustrato cementoso de auto-grabado. |
US9133064B2 (en) | 2008-11-24 | 2015-09-15 | Valspar Sourcing, Inc. | Coating system for cement composite articles |
WO2011087422A1 (en) | 2010-01-15 | 2011-07-21 | Ceraloc Innovation Belgium Bvba | Bright colored surface layer |
PL3351375T3 (pl) | 2010-01-15 | 2020-02-28 | Välinge Innovation AB | Oparte o włókno panele z dekoracyjną warstwą odporną na ścieranie |
US8349234B2 (en) | 2010-01-15 | 2013-01-08 | Ceraloc Innovation Belgium Bvba | Fibre based panels with a decorative wear resistance surface |
KR20120104621A (ko) | 2010-01-15 | 2012-09-21 | 세라녹 이노베이션 벨지움 비브이비에이 | 열 및 압력에 의해 생성된 디자인 |
US10899166B2 (en) | 2010-04-13 | 2021-01-26 | Valinge Innovation Ab | Digitally injected designs in powder surfaces |
US8480841B2 (en) | 2010-04-13 | 2013-07-09 | Ceralog Innovation Belgium BVBA | Powder overlay |
WO2011152787A1 (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2011-12-08 | Ceraloc Innovation Belgium Bvba | A method of manufacturing a decorative floor panel comprising a dry powder layer |
US10315219B2 (en) | 2010-05-31 | 2019-06-11 | Valinge Innovation Ab | Method of manufacturing a panel |
ES2805332T3 (es) | 2011-04-12 | 2021-02-11 | Vaelinge Innovation Ab | Método de fabricación de un panel de construcción |
CN103459165B (zh) | 2011-04-12 | 2017-02-15 | 瓦林格创新股份有限公司 | 生产层的方法 |
PL2697060T3 (pl) | 2011-04-12 | 2020-11-02 | Välinge Innovation AB | Sposób wytwarzania panelu budowlanego |
ES2617490T3 (es) | 2011-04-12 | 2017-06-19 | Välinge Innovation AB | Una mezcla de polvos y un método para producir un panel de construcción |
US9186799B2 (en) | 2011-07-13 | 2015-11-17 | Brooks Automation, Inc. | Compact direct drive spindle |
EP3284598B1 (en) | 2011-08-26 | 2019-03-06 | Ceraloc Innovation AB | Panel coating |
CN102619137A (zh) * | 2012-02-27 | 2012-08-01 | 浙江科技学院 | 一种涂布导电纸板及其生产方法 |
US8920876B2 (en) | 2012-03-19 | 2014-12-30 | Valinge Innovation Ab | Method for producing a building panel |
DE202012003115U1 (de) | 2012-03-28 | 2012-07-05 | Reinhold Gregarek | Verbessertes tribostatisches Aufladungsrohr |
JP5936436B2 (ja) * | 2012-05-08 | 2016-06-22 | 旭サナック株式会社 | 粉体塗装方法 |
JP2014083498A (ja) * | 2012-10-24 | 2014-05-12 | Asahi Sunac Corp | 静電塗装方法 |
ITTO20120981A1 (it) * | 2012-11-13 | 2014-05-14 | Itt Italia Srl | Metodo ed impianto per la verniciatura a polvere di elementi elettricamente non conduttivi, in particolare pastiglie freno |
US9181698B2 (en) | 2013-01-11 | 2015-11-10 | Valinge Innovation Ab | Method of producing a building panel and a building panel |
US20140199495A1 (en) | 2013-01-11 | 2014-07-17 | Floor Iptech Ab | Digital printing and embossing |
UA118967C2 (uk) | 2013-07-02 | 2019-04-10 | Велінге Інновейшн Аб | Спосіб виготовлення будівельної панелі і будівельна панель |
FR3008109B1 (fr) * | 2013-07-03 | 2016-12-09 | Snecma | Procede de preparation a la depose d'un revetement metallique par projection thermique sur un substrat |
US10513094B2 (en) | 2013-10-18 | 2019-12-24 | Valinge Innovation Ab | Method of manufacturing a building panel |
DE102013113125A1 (de) | 2013-11-27 | 2015-05-28 | Guido Schulte | Fußboden-, Wand- oder Deckenpaneel und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
DE102013113130B4 (de) | 2013-11-27 | 2022-01-27 | Välinge Innovation AB | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Fußbodendiele |
DE102013113109A1 (de) | 2013-11-27 | 2015-06-11 | Guido Schulte | Fußbodendiele |
PL3092124T3 (pl) | 2014-01-10 | 2022-03-21 | Välinge Innovation AB | Sposób wytwarzania fornirowanego elementu |
EP3126063A2 (en) | 2014-03-31 | 2017-02-08 | Pulver Kimya San. ve Tic. A.S. | Coating method with elektrostatic powder paint |
RU2687440C2 (ru) | 2014-05-12 | 2019-05-13 | Велинге Инновейшн Аб | Способ изготовления элемента, покрытого шпоном, и такой элемент, покрытый шпоном |
CN104941885B (zh) * | 2015-05-28 | 2017-08-08 | 北京天恒盛通科技发展有限公司 | 一种在非导体基底进行静电涂装的工艺 |
EP3310580A4 (en) | 2015-06-16 | 2019-02-13 | Välinge Innovation AB | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A BUILDING PLATE OR A SURFACE AREA ELEMENT AND SUCH A BUILDING PLATE AND SURFACE ELEMENT |
JP2017057358A (ja) | 2015-09-18 | 2017-03-23 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | 熱硬化性粉体塗料及び塗装方法 |
US9630197B1 (en) | 2016-03-08 | 2017-04-25 | Troy Greenberg | Dynamic powder dispersing system |
UA127004C2 (uk) | 2016-04-25 | 2023-03-08 | Велінге Інновейшн Аб | Облицьований шпоном елемент і спосіб виготовлення такого облицьованого шпоном елемента |
RU2660147C2 (ru) * | 2016-05-19 | 2018-07-05 | Александр Валентинович Емельянов | Способ окрашивания неметаллических плит порошковой краской |
NL2019197B1 (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2019-01-16 | Stahl Int B V | Powder coating method and coated article |
CN111542432B (zh) | 2018-01-11 | 2023-01-10 | 瓦林格创新股份有限公司 | 饰面元件、用于生产饰面元件的方法 |
CN111565925B (zh) | 2018-01-11 | 2022-06-24 | 瓦林格创新股份有限公司 | 生产饰面元件的方法和饰面元件 |
CN113260506A (zh) | 2019-01-09 | 2021-08-13 | 瓦林格创新股份有限公司 | 生产单板元件的方法和单板元件 |
CN110577660B (zh) * | 2019-08-14 | 2020-07-31 | 佛山宜可居新材料有限公司 | 一种有机高分子材料及其涂装方法 |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3919437A (en) * | 1972-02-22 | 1975-11-11 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method for electrostatically impregnating strand |
US4088093A (en) * | 1976-04-13 | 1978-05-09 | Continental Can Company, Inc. | Web coating and powder feed |
US5364657A (en) * | 1990-04-06 | 1994-11-15 | The University Of Akron | Method of depositing and fusing polymer particles onto moistened continuous filaments |
AU659632B2 (en) * | 1991-03-01 | 1995-05-25 | Electrostatic Technology, Inc. | Powder coating method for producing circuit board laminae and the like |
US5512639A (en) | 1993-07-28 | 1996-04-30 | Basf Corporation | Curable compositions containing carbamate-modified polyisocyanates |
US5824373A (en) * | 1994-04-20 | 1998-10-20 | Herbert's Powder Coatings, Inc. | Radiation curing of powder coatings on wood |
DE4432645A1 (de) | 1994-09-14 | 1996-03-21 | Hoechst Ag | Bindemittel für Pulverlacke |
GB9508458D0 (en) | 1995-04-26 | 1995-06-14 | Ind Gmbh | Crystalline methacrylyl terminated polyesters |
DE19533858B4 (de) | 1995-09-13 | 2005-09-22 | IHD Institut für Holztechnologie Dresden gGmbH | Verfahren zum elektrostatischen Beschichten von Holz und Holzwerkstoffen |
US6214421B1 (en) * | 1997-04-09 | 2001-04-10 | Dennis Pidzarko | Method of powder coating |
GB9801897D0 (en) | 1998-01-30 | 1998-03-25 | Furniture Factory The Limited | Powder coating of board |
PL193008B1 (pl) | 1998-02-17 | 2007-01-31 | Du Pont | Sposób powlekania powierzchni podłoża zestawem farby proszkowej |
US6280524B1 (en) * | 1999-08-04 | 2001-08-28 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Apparatus and method for coating fluorescent powder on a flat panel |
-
2000
- 2000-10-26 US US09/697,997 patent/US6458250B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-10-26 YU YU49302A patent/YU49302A/sh unknown
- 2001-10-26 ES ES01987597T patent/ES2259048T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-10-26 CA CA002395725A patent/CA2395725A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-10-26 HU HU0302111A patent/HUP0302111A2/hu unknown
- 2001-10-26 AU AU39799/02A patent/AU774015B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-10-26 SK SK893-2002A patent/SK8932002A3/sk unknown
- 2001-10-26 JP JP2002544315A patent/JP2004514547A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-10-26 PT PT01987597T patent/PT1330393E/pt unknown
- 2001-10-26 WO PCT/US2001/051386 patent/WO2002042167A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-10-26 RU RU2002117022/12A patent/RU2271875C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-10-26 CZ CZ20022132A patent/CZ294926B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-10-26 EP EP01987597A patent/EP1330393B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-10-26 DK DK01987597T patent/DK1330393T3/da active
- 2001-10-26 CN CNB01803313XA patent/CN1250339C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-10-26 AT AT01987597T patent/ATE320317T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-10-26 KR KR1020027008269A patent/KR20020074463A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-10-26 BR BR0107427-0A patent/BR0107427A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-10-26 EE EEP200200347A patent/EE200200347A/xx unknown
- 2001-10-26 PL PL01362846A patent/PL362846A1/xx unknown
- 2001-10-26 DE DE60118027T patent/DE60118027T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-10-26 MX MXPA02006361A patent/MXPA02006361A/es active IP Right Grant
-
2002
- 2002-06-25 NO NO20023071A patent/NO20023071D0/no not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-07-25 BG BG106956A patent/BG106956A/bg unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2395725A1 (en) | 2002-05-30 |
CN1416372A (zh) | 2003-05-07 |
AU774015B2 (en) | 2004-06-10 |
CZ294926B6 (cs) | 2005-04-13 |
KR20020074463A (ko) | 2002-09-30 |
RU2271875C2 (ru) | 2006-03-20 |
CZ20022132A3 (cs) | 2003-03-12 |
AU3979902A (en) | 2002-06-03 |
RU2002117022A (ru) | 2004-03-27 |
CN1250339C (zh) | 2006-04-12 |
HUP0302111A2 (hu) | 2003-10-28 |
PL362846A1 (en) | 2004-11-02 |
WO2002042167A2 (en) | 2002-05-30 |
NO20023071D0 (no) | 2002-06-25 |
DE60118027T2 (de) | 2006-10-26 |
WO2002042167A3 (en) | 2003-03-13 |
JP2004514547A (ja) | 2004-05-20 |
BG106956A (bg) | 2003-04-30 |
EP1330393B1 (en) | 2006-03-15 |
DE60118027D1 (de) | 2006-05-11 |
EE200200347A (et) | 2003-08-15 |
ATE320317T1 (de) | 2006-04-15 |
ES2259048T3 (es) | 2006-09-16 |
YU49302A (sh) | 2004-11-25 |
EP1330393A2 (en) | 2003-07-30 |
PT1330393E (pt) | 2006-05-31 |
BR0107427A (pt) | 2002-10-22 |
SK8932002A3 (en) | 2003-04-01 |
DK1330393T3 (da) | 2006-06-26 |
US6458250B1 (en) | 2002-10-01 |
MXPA02006361A (es) | 2003-02-12 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
NO20023071L (no) | Fremgangsmåte for påföring av pulverbelegg på ikke-metalliske substrater | |
DK0902844T3 (da) | Sammensætning og fremgangsmåde til behandling af phosphaterede metaloverflader | |
TR200201033T2 (tr) | Cam yüzeyleri için kire-dayanıklı kaplamalar | |
DE60334650D1 (de) | Dünnfilmbeschichtung mit einer transparenten Grundierungsschicht | |
BR9612636A (pt) | Inibição de crescimento bacteriano | |
SE7902852L (sv) | Forfarande for bestralning medelst elektroner i och for att avjemna ytor hos substrat, samt belagda substrat framstellda medelst forfarandet | |
ATE233327T1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verbrennungs cvd von filmen und beschichtungen | |
AU5658498A (en) | Method for coating substrates, preferably with metal | |
DK178880A (da) | Vandig silicaholdig belaegningssammensaetning substrat og genstand belagt med samme samt fremgangsmaade til dannelse af en slidbestandig belaegning paa et substrat | |
DK1042413T3 (da) | Inhibering af begroning | |
NO20023326L (no) | Fremgangsmåte for belegging av metalliske substratoverflater | |
ATE395985T1 (de) | Beschichtungsverfahren und beschichtungsmittel | |
EP1013347A3 (en) | Method of restoring damaged foul release coating area on a metallic surface | |
CA2362798A1 (en) | Method and device for treating substrates | |
AU2001265978A1 (en) | Coated substrate with metallic surface impression, method for adhesively coatingsubstrates with corrosive optical layers and use of said coated substrate and p roducts obtained from a method for adhesively coating with corrosive optical layers | |
ATE173033T1 (de) | Beschichtungen mit niedriger oberflächenenergie | |
AU5304898A (en) | Process and device for forming a coating on a substrate by cathode sputtering | |
DE60100019D1 (de) | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Prothesenteilen | |
MY136993A (en) | Method of fast curing water-borne paint coatings | |
TW429424B (en) | Aerosol photoresist coating device | |
DE50203772D1 (de) | Substrat mit einer Haftkleberschicht |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
FC2A | Withdrawal, rejection or dismissal of laid open patent application |