NO176554B - Quaternary ammonium-type surfactants, surfactants containing the compounds, and the use of the compounds - Google Patents
Quaternary ammonium-type surfactants, surfactants containing the compounds, and the use of the compounds Download PDFInfo
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- NO176554B NO176554B NO881976A NO881976A NO176554B NO 176554 B NO176554 B NO 176554B NO 881976 A NO881976 A NO 881976A NO 881976 A NO881976 A NO 881976A NO 176554 B NO176554 B NO 176554B
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[CH]O Chemical group C[CH]O GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl sulfate(1-) Chemical compound COS([O-])(=O)=O JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005527 methyl sulfate group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 6
- ZSDHHHJRQULNPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[chloro-[chloro(oxiran-2-yl)methoxy]methyl]oxirane Chemical compound ClC(C1CO1)OC(C1CO1)Cl ZSDHHHJRQULNPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 durability Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005956 quaternization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sulfate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)OC VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- REZZEXDLIUJMMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethyldioctadecylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC REZZEXDLIUJMMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- RBACIKXCRWGCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Epoxybutane Chemical compound CCC1CO1 RBACIKXCRWGCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXKVYSRDIVLASR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dioctylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC(O)=C1CCCCCCCC IXKVYSRDIVLASR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910015900 BF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000980 acid dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001767 cationic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004664 distearyldimethylammonium chloride (DHTDMAC) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/18—Quaternary ammonium compounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
- D06M13/46—Compounds containing quaternary nitrogen atoms
- D06M13/463—Compounds containing quaternary nitrogen atoms derived from monoamines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår overflateaktive forbindelser av den kvaternære ammoniumtype. Oppfinnelsen angår også overflateaktive midler inneholdende disse forbindelser, samt forbindelsenes anvendelse som mykgjøringsmiddel eller som oppmalingshjelpemiddel. The present invention relates to surfactant compounds of the quaternary ammonium type. The invention also relates to surfactants containing these compounds, as well as the use of the compounds as a softening agent or as a grinding aid.
Det er kjent, og da uansett formen, at fibre, tremasse, garn, vevede tekstiler etc. og cellulose får et ganske ubehagelig, tørt og hardt grep når disse materialer behandles med alkaliske midler eller bleke- eller vaskemidler. For å redusere denne ulempe er det i mange år anvendt, såkalte mykgjørings-produkter eller myknere, og da først i tekstilindustrien og derefter, i senere tid, også i husholdnings-vaskemaskiner såvel som i papirindustrien. It is known, regardless of the form, that fibres, wood pulp, yarn, woven textiles etc. and cellulose get a rather unpleasant, dry and hard grip when these materials are treated with alkaline agents or bleaching or washing agents. To reduce this disadvantage, so-called softening products or plasticizers have been used for many years, and then first in the textile industry and then, more recently, also in household washing machines as well as in the paper industry.
De første myknere som ble anvendt i tekstilindustrien ble fremstilt ved ufullstendig sulfonering av naturlige lang-kjedede fett-stoffer som talg. Mykgjøringseffekten til disse produktene var lav, og deres affinitet som nesten var null for cellulose, førte til ikke-varige effekter når de ble anvendt ved vasking. The first plasticizers used in the textile industry were produced by incomplete sulphonation of natural long-chain fatty substances such as tallow. The softening effect of these products was low and their almost zero affinity for cellulose led to non-permanent effects when used in washing.
Anvendelsen av kvaternære ammonium-derivater er også anbefalt. Disse midler er positivt ladet og blir derfor absorbert på cellulose-fibre såvel som på et stort antall andre tekstilfibre. Disse produkter har gjort det mulig å oppnå en mer kraftfull og mer varig mykgjøringseffekt. The use of quaternary ammonium derivatives is also recommended. These agents are positively charged and are therefore absorbed on cellulose fibers as well as on a large number of other textile fibers. These products have made it possible to achieve a more powerful and more lasting softening effect.
Et stort antall kvaternære ammonium-derivater er blitt anvendt som myknere. Disse inneholder en eller flere fettkjeder med fra 16 til 22 karbonatomer. A large number of quaternary ammonium derivatives have been used as plasticizers. These contain one or more fatty chains with from 16 to 22 carbon atoms.
De fordelaktige såvel som de uheldige egenskapene hos alle disse produkter, anvendt som myknere, er mer eller mindre markerte beroende på deres struktur. Valget av myknere, som beror på den tilsiktede anvendelse, innebærer et kompromiss mellom disse fordelaktige og uheldige egenskaper. The advantageous as well as the disadvantageous properties of all these products, used as plasticizers, are more or less marked depending on their structure. The choice of plasticizers, which depends on the intended application, involves a compromise between these advantageous and disadvantageous properties.
De fordelaktige egenskaper omfatter mykgjøringskraft, antistatisk kraft, affinitet til fibrene, varighet, fiber/- fiber smøremiddel-egenskaper og reduksjon av fiber/fiber-adhesjon. The beneficial properties include softening power, antistatic power, affinity to the fibers, durability, fiber/fiber lubricant properties and reduction of fiber/fiber adhesion.
De uheldige egenskapene omfatter hydrofob effekt, tendens til å gulne ved høyere temperatur, påvirkning av fluorescerende blekemidler, påvirkning av sjattering og ekthet overfor lys for visse farvestoffer, lav oppløselighet i vann og en tendens til fortykning selv ved meget høye vandige fortynninger . The unfavorable properties include hydrophobic effect, tendency to yellow at higher temperature, influence of fluorescent bleaches, influence of shading and fastness to light for certain dyes, low solubility in water and a tendency to thicken even at very high aqueous dilutions.
Et karakteristisk eksempel er bruken av distearyldimetyl-ammoniumklorid eller analoge produkter som er fremstilt av fettkjeder av talg, hydrogenert talg eller palmeolje. Dette produkt, som danner basis for et stort antall kommersielle husholdnings-myknere, innehar en utmerket mykgjøringskraft og en god affinitet til fibre. Produktets uheldige egenskaper er imidlertid lav oppløselighet i vann, høy viskositet i vandige fortynninger samt hydrofob effekt, og dette begrenser produktets anvendelse ved tilberedning av husholdningsmyknere hvor konsentrasjonen er meget lav og produktet skaper problemer når de behandlede gjenstandene har en tilstrekkelig hydrofil egenskap eller har vannabsorpsjonsegenskaper. Slike gjenstander kan være håndklær, lommetørkler, fnuggaktig tremasse etc. A characteristic example is the use of distearyldimethylammonium chloride or analogous products which are prepared from fatty chains of tallow, hydrogenated tallow or palm oil. This product, which forms the basis of a large number of commercial household softeners, has excellent softening power and a good affinity for fibres. However, the product's unfortunate properties are low solubility in water, high viscosity in aqueous dilutions as well as a hydrophobic effect, and this limits the product's use in the preparation of household softeners where the concentration is very low and the product causes problems when the treated objects have a sufficiently hydrophilic property or have water absorption properties. Such objects can be towels, handkerchiefs, fluffy wood pulp etc.
Et systematisk studium av fordelene og ulempene med de forskjellige kvaternære ammonium-derivatene, både når det gjelder industriell behandling av cellulosemasse (spesielt for å sikre maling av massen) og ved behandling av tekstiler (spesielt som industrielle myknere eller husholdnings-myknere), har gjort det mulig å utvikle nye overflateaktive stoffer med verdifulle egenskaper. A systematic study of the advantages and disadvantages of the various quaternary ammonium derivatives, both when it comes to the industrial treatment of cellulose pulp (especially to ensure painting of the pulp) and when treating textiles (especially as industrial softeners or household softeners), has it possible to develop new surfactants with valuable properties.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse har til hensikt å forbedre den kjente teknikk og angår i henhold til dette overflateaktive forbindelser av den kvaternære ammoniumtype og disse forbindelser karakteriseres ved den generelle formel: der R-^ og R'i, som er like eller forskjellige, er rester med formelen The present invention aims to improve the known technique and accordingly concerns surface-active compounds of the quaternary ammonium type and these compounds are characterized by the general formula: where R-^ and R'i, which are the same or different, are residues with the formula
der n og p, som er like eller forskjellige, er hele tall 8 eller 9; where n and p, being the same or different, are whole numbers 8 or 9;
R2°S R'2» som er like eller forskjellige, er rester av alkylenoksyd- eller poly(alkylenoksyd)-type med formelen: R2°S R'2" which are the same or different, are residues of the alkylene oxide or poly(alkylene oxide) type with the formula:
der q, r og s er like eller forskjellige hele tall 2, 3 eller 4, og where q, r and s are the same or different whole numbers 2, 3 or 4, and
y, z og w er like eller forskjellige hele tall hvis sum x er mellom 4 og 24; y, z and w are equal or different whole numbers whose sum x is between 4 and 24;
R3 og R4 er metyl, etyl eller hydroksyetyl; og R 3 and R 4 are methyl, ethyl or hydroxyethyl; and
X er et halogen- eller metylsulfation. X is a halogen or methyl sulfate ion.
Restene R^ og R'^ er rester som er derivater av alkoholetere med formelen: hvor n og p har den ovenfor angitte betydning; og hvor nevnte alkoholetere er omsatt med etylenoksyd, for eksempel for å fremstille derivatet The residues R^ and R'^ are residues which are derivatives of alcohol ethers with the formula: where n and p have the meaning indicated above; and where said alcohol ethers are reacted with ethylene oxide, for example to produce the derivative
Restene R2 og R'2 er rester av alkylenoksyd- eller poly-(alkylenoksyd )-type. Generelt tilsvarer de formelen: The residues R2 and R'2 are residues of the alkylene oxide or poly-(alkylene oxide) type. In general, they correspond to the formula:
hvor q, r og s er like eller forskjellige hele tall 2, 3 eller 4, (restene tilsvarer da etylenoksyd, propylenoksyd og butenoksyd) og y, z og w er like eller forskjellige hele tall hvis sum x eller x' er mellom 4 til 24. where q, r and s are the same or different whole numbers 2, 3 or 4, (the remainder then correspond to ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butene oxide) and y, z and w are the same or different whole numbers if the sum of x or x' is between 4 to 24.
Forbindelsene ifølge oppfinnelsen kan fremstilles ved en fremgangsmåte der: The compounds according to the invention can be produced by a method where:
i et første trinn i det minste en alkoholeter med formelen in a first step at least one alcohol ether of the formula
bringes til reaksjon med i det minste et alkylenoksyd; is reacted with at least one alkylene oxide;
- i et andre trinn det oppnådde fra det første trinnet bringes til reaksjon med epiklorhydrin for fremstilling av - in a second step, the obtained from the first step is reacted with epichlorohydrin to produce
klorglycidyl-eter av nevnte produkt; og chloroglycidyl ether of said product; and
- i et tredje trinn det oppnådde produkt fra det andre trinnet blir kvaternært ved reaksjon med et amin i henhold til en av de kjente kvaternærings-teknikker. - in a third step the product obtained from the second step becomes quaternized by reaction with an amine according to one of the known quaternization techniques.
Som nevnt innledningsvis angår oppfinnelsen også overflateaktive midler som karakteriseres ved at de omfatter forbindelser av kvaternær ammoniumtype som beskrevet ovenfor sammen med 2 til 60 % ikke-ioniske derivater, avledet fra det alkoksylerte produktet av alkoholeteren. As mentioned at the outset, the invention also relates to surfactants which are characterized by the fact that they comprise compounds of the quaternary ammonium type as described above together with 2 to 60% non-ionic derivatives, derived from the alkoxylated product of the alcohol ether.
Til slutt angår oppfinnelsen anvendelsen av de ovenfor beskrevne forbindelsersom mykgjøringsmiddel som sådant eller som et additiv i tilberedninger som anvendes ved behandling av tekstiler, eller som oppmalingshjelpemiddel for cellulose. Finally, the invention relates to the use of the above-described compounds as a softening agent as such or as an additive in preparations used in the treatment of textiles, or as a grinding aid for cellulose.
Forbindelsene ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse oppviser spesielt følgende egenskaper: de er vanligvis flytende ved vanlig temperatur, hvilket The compounds according to the present invention in particular exhibit the following properties: they are usually liquid at ordinary temperature, which
gjør dem lette å transportere, anvende og håndtere; makes them easy to transport, use and handle;
de utgjør vandige oppløsninger og/eller dispersjoner med relativt lav viskositet sammenlignet med de tilsvarende kjente produkter; they constitute aqueous solutions and/or dispersions with a relatively low viscosity compared to the corresponding known products;
og and
de har meget effektfulle mykgjørings-egenskaper. they have very effective softening properties.
Spesielt bomullstekstiler, og da særlig ratiné, vil, når de blir behandlet med disse kationiske produkter som er basert på alkoholetere, få et utmerket grep som ligner det som oppnås med lignende myknere som er fremstilt av normale alkoholer, og varens hydrofile egenskaper er på den annen side bedre på grunn av nærvær av en eter-bro midt i molekylet og den sentrale stillingen til hydroksylgruppen. Cotton textiles in particular, and ratiné in particular, when treated with these cationic products based on alcohol ethers, will obtain an excellent grip similar to that obtained with similar softeners made from normal alcohols, and the hydrophilic properties of the product are on the on the other hand better due to the presence of an ether bridge in the middle of the molecule and the central position of the hydroxyl group.
Videre er, med hensyn til den ovenfor beskrevne frem-stillingsprosessen, det kationiske produktet ledsaget av en viss mengde oksyalkylert-derivat av alkoholeteren. Nærvær av det sistnevnte produkt kan være verdifull på grunn av at det forbedrer den hydrofile karakteren til blandingen. Det vil derfor være mulig enten å utføre syntesereaksjonen på en slik måte at man underletter nærværet av nevnte produkt, eller sågar tilsetter det nevnte produkt til den nye kationiske forbindelsen ifølge oppfinnelsen. Det oksyalkylerte derivatet av alkoholeteren er fordelaktig nærværende i et mengdeforhold på 20-60 %. Furthermore, with respect to the above-described manufacturing process, the cationic product is accompanied by a certain amount of oxyalkylated derivative of the alcohol ether. The presence of the latter product can be valuable because it improves the hydrophilic character of the mixture. It will therefore be possible either to carry out the synthesis reaction in such a way as to minimize the presence of said product, or even to add said product to the new cationic compound according to the invention. The oxyalkylated derivative of the alcohol ether is advantageously present in a proportion of 20-60%.
De følgende eksempler skal illustrere kationiske myknere ifølge oppfinnelsen. The following examples shall illustrate cationic plasticizers according to the invention.
Eksempel 1 Example 1
38,4 kg av en Cgi-alkohol-eter ble ført til en reaktor som kan oppvarmes og motstå et trykk på 600 kPa. Efter tørking under vakuum ved 110°C ble 1 kg av en 30 %-ig oppløsning av natriummetylat i metanol tilsatt som katalysator. Efter at temperaturen var hevet til 165-170°C ble 37,3 kg etylenoksyd og derefter 27,7 kg propylenoksyd ført til autoklaven i løpet av 2 timer. Efter en reaksjonstid på en time ble produktet avkjølt, nøytralisert og derefter filtrert. Det fremstilte produkt var en klar, lett farvet væske som tilsvarte et derivat som var dannet ved tilsetning av 7,5 mol etylenoksyd og 1,3 mol propylenoksyd til 1 mol C2i~alkoholeter. 38.4 kg of a C 1 -alcohol ether was fed to a reactor which can be heated and withstand a pressure of 600 kPa. After drying under vacuum at 110°C, 1 kg of a 30% solution of sodium methylate in methanol was added as catalyst. After the temperature had been raised to 165-170°C, 37.3 kg of ethylene oxide and then 27.7 kg of propylene oxide were brought to the autoclave within 2 hours. After a reaction time of one hour, the product was cooled, neutralized and then filtered. The product produced was a clear, slightly colored liquid which corresponded to a derivative formed by the addition of 7.5 moles of ethylene oxide and 1.3 moles of propylene oxide to 1 mole of C2i-alcohol ether.
97,6 kg av dette addisjonsderivat ble tatt ut og overført til en reaktor. Efter tørking under vakuum ved 110°C, ble 0,5 kg bortrifluorid/eddiksyre/kompleks satt til produktet som katalysator efter at produktet var avkjølt til 70°C. 104 kg epi-katalysator ble derefter tilsatt i løpet av 1/4 time, og hele blandingen ble holdt ved 75°C i en time. Efter avkjøling og kjøling og nøytralisering av katalysator-restene med natriumhydroksyd med natriumhydroksyd og filtrering fikk man en klar gul væske hvis analyseresultater svarer til analysen for klorglycidyleter av derivatet som er danent ved tilsetning av alkylenoksyder til alkohol-eter. 97.6 kg of this addition derivative was taken out and transferred to a reactor. After drying under vacuum at 110°C, 0.5 kg of boron trifluoride/acetic acid/complex was added to the product as a catalyst after the product had cooled to 70°C. 104 kg of epi-catalyst was then added over 1/4 hour, and the entire mixture was held at 75°C for one hour. After cooling and cooling and neutralization of the catalyst residues with sodium hydroxide with sodium hydroxide and filtration, a clear yellow liquid was obtained whose analysis results correspond to the analysis for chlorglycidyl ether of the derivative which is formed by adding alkylene oxides to alcohol ether.
Kvaternæringen utføres i en vanlig reaktor hvortil det ble satt 102,5 kg av den ovenfor nevnte klorglycidyleter. 3,9 kg dimetylamin som en 50 #-ig oppløsning i vann ble tilsatt, hvorefter det ble tilsatt 5,0 kg natriumhydroksyd som en 40 #-ig oppløsning i vann. Blandingen ble omrørt i 8 timer. Efter avkjøling og filtrering for fjerning av dannet natriumklorid fikk man et produkt i form av en klar gulfarvet væske. Den består i alt vesentlig av et kvaternært ammonium-klorid med følgende struktur: The quaternization is carried out in an ordinary reactor to which 102.5 kg of the above-mentioned chlorglycidyl ether was added. 3.9 kg of dimethylamine as a 50 # ug solution in water was added, after which 5.0 kg of sodium hydroxide as a 40 # ug solution in water was added. The mixture was stirred for 8 hours. After cooling and filtering to remove formed sodium chloride, a product was obtained in the form of a clear yellow liquid. It essentially consists of a quaternary ammonium chloride with the following structure:
hvor R tilsvarer kjedene til C^-alkohol-eteren, og hvor n og m har samme verdier som angitt ovenfor. where R corresponds to the chains of the C 1 -alcohol ether, and where n and m have the same values as stated above.
Produktet har en viskositet på 550 cPo ved en temperatur på 20°C, og størkningspunktet er under -10°C. For sammenlignings skyld hadde et derivat med samme molekylvekt, og som er fremstilt på basis av en alkoksylert stearylalkohol med et tilsvarende etylenoksyd:propylenoksyd-forhold, formen av en pasta med smeltepunkt mellom 25 og 30°C. Likeledes hadde et analogt derivat som var fremstilt på basis av dioktylfenol i stedet for Cgi-alkohol-etere eller stearylalkohol, som ble anvendt ovenfor, en viskositet på 2650 mPa.s. The product has a viscosity of 550 cPo at a temperature of 20°C, and the solidification point is below -10°C. For the sake of comparison, a derivative with the same molecular weight, and which is prepared on the basis of an alkylated stearyl alcohol with a corresponding ethylene oxide:propylene oxide ratio, had the form of a paste with a melting point between 25 and 30°C. Likewise, an analogous derivative prepared on the basis of dioctylphenol instead of the C 1 -alcohol ethers or stearyl alcohol used above had a viscosity of 2650 mPa.s.
Eksempel 2 Example 2
Et kvaternært ammoniummetyl-sulfat ble fremstilt på følgende måte og på basis av klorglycidyl-eter av C2i~alkohol-eter, som var fremstilt ifølge eksempel 1. 40 kg klorglycidyl-eter ac C^-alkohol-eter ble dispergert i 75 kg vann ved romtemperatur i en reaktor som kunne oppvarmes. pH-verdien i dispersjonen ble justert til 10 med 0,25 kg natriumhydroksyd som en 30 #-ig oppløsning i vann, hvorefter blandingen ble omrørt ved romtemperatur i 1 time 30 minutter før 1,5 kg av en 40 #-ig oppløsning av metylamin i vann ble satt til reaktoren. Mediet ble derefter oppvarmet til 70° C og omrørt ved denne temperatur i 8 timer, og pH-verdien ble holdt ved 10 ved tilsetning av en 30 #-ig oppløsning av natriumhydroksyd i vann. Omrøringen ble stoppet og, efter dekan-tering og utdrag av den vandige fasen, ble den organiske fasen tørket og derefter filtrert. Det oppnådde produkt var en klar, rav-farvet væske som inneholdt i alt vesentlig et tertiært amin med følgende strukturformel: A quaternary ammonium methyl sulfate was prepared in the following manner and on the basis of chloroglycidyl ether of C2i-alcohol ether, which was prepared according to example 1. 40 kg of chloroglycidyl ether and C1-alcohol ether were dispersed in 75 kg of water at room temperature in a reactor that could be heated. The pH of the dispersion was adjusted to 10 with 0.25 kg of sodium hydroxide as a 30# solution in water, after which the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour 30 minutes before 1.5 kg of a 40# solution of methylamine in water was added to the reactor. The medium was then heated to 70°C and stirred at this temperature for 8 hours, and the pH was maintained at 10 by the addition of a 30 µg solution of sodium hydroxide in water. Stirring was stopped and, after decantation and extraction of the aqueous phase, the organic phase was dried and then filtered. The product obtained was a clear, amber-coloured liquid which essentially contained a tertiary amine with the following structural formula:
hvor R, n og m har de ovenfor angitte verdier, og hvor resten av det ikke-ioniske derivatet har sin opprinnelse i det alkoksylerte produktet av alkohol-eteren. where R, n and m have the values stated above, and where the rest of the non-ionic derivative originates in the alkoxylated product of the alcohol ether.
Kvaternæringen med dimetylsulfat utføres i en reaktor som kan oppvarmes, hvori 30 kg av en på forhånd fremstilt tertiær amin ble oppvarmet til 70°C. Efter tilsetning av 1,2 kg dimetylsulfat ble mediet oppvarmet til 75°C, og derefter holdt ved denne temperatur i 1 time 30 minutter. Det oppnådde kvaternære ammoniumderivatet var en klar, blek-gul væske hvis viskositet ved 20° C var 590 mPa.s, og hvis størkningspunkt var under -10°C. The quaternization with dimethyl sulfate is carried out in a reactor that can be heated, in which 30 kg of a previously prepared tertiary amine was heated to 70°C. After adding 1.2 kg of dimethylsulphate, the medium was heated to 75°C, and then kept at this temperature for 1 hour 30 minutes. The quaternary ammonium derivative obtained was a clear, pale yellow liquid whose viscosity at 20°C was 590 mPa.s, and whose solidification point was below -10°C.
Eksempel 3 Example 3
Grundige mykgjøringsforsøk med bomullstøy ble utført med de fremtilte derivater under følgende betingelser: konsentrasjonen i badet: 1 g/l Thorough softening tests with cotton fabric were carried out with the derivatives produced under the following conditions: concentration in the bath: 1 g/l
- bad-forhold: 1 til 10 - bath ratio: 1 to 10
- pH-verdi justert til 6 - pH value adjusted to 6
- behandlinger: 20 minutter ved 40°C, polstring og derefter tørking ved 100°C. - treatments: 20 minutes at 40°C, padding and then drying at 100°C.
De hydrofile egenskapene hos tøy som er behandlet på denne måte ble derefter bestemt ved å måle den tiden det tok for en sur farvestoff-oppløsning bli absorbert kapillært. Mykgjøringseffekten ble vurdert ved grep-prøve og ble bedømt til verdier fra 1 til 5 ved å sammenligne med en referanse-skala på hvilken verdien 1 settes til å være en ubehandlet kontroll-prøve, og hvor verdien 5 tilsvarer en prøve som er behandlet med dimetyldistearylammoniumklorid. The hydrophilic properties of fabrics treated in this way were then determined by measuring the time taken for an acid dye solution to be absorbed capillaryly. The softening effect was assessed by grip test and was rated to values from 1 to 5 by comparing with a reference scale on which the value 1 is set to be an untreated control sample, and where the value 5 corresponds to a sample treated with dimethyldistearylammonium chloride .
De oppnådde resultatene er oppsummert i tabellen: The results obtained are summarized in the table:
Når det gjelder hydrofil egenskap viser tabellen klart verdien av alkohol-eter-basen. As regards hydrophilic property, the table clearly shows the value of the alcohol-ether base.
Eksempel 4 Example 4
I et 2 1 beger ble 1 kg bleket cellulosemasse med et faststoff innhold på 15 g behandlet med 10 ml av en 0,3 %- ig oppløsning av et på forhånd fremstilt additiv. Efter omform-ing til et ark, avrenning, pressing og tørking ble de oppnådde prøver gjort til gjenstand for oppmalingsforsøk i en mølle. Også det stofflige av de fremtilte derivater ble undersøkt ved kolorimetrisk analyse av produktet som ble holdt igjen av cellulosematerialet. Resultatene av disse forsøk er oppsummert i tabellen: In a 2 1 beaker, 1 kg of bleached cellulose pulp with a solids content of 15 g was treated with 10 ml of a 0.3% solution of a previously prepared additive. After being transformed into a sheet, draining, pressing and drying, the obtained samples were subjected to grinding trials in a mill. The substance of the derivatives produced was also examined by colorimetric analysis of the product retained by the cellulose material. The results of these trials are summarized in the table:
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR8706653A FR2615122B1 (en) | 1987-05-12 | 1987-05-12 | NOVEL CATIONIC SURFACTANTS OF THE QUATERNARY AMMONIUM TYPE, THEIR PREPARATION METHOD AND THEIR APPLICATIONS, IN PARTICULAR FOR THE TREATMENT OF TEXTILE AND CELLULOSIC MATERIALS |
Publications (4)
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NO881976D0 NO881976D0 (en) | 1988-05-06 |
NO881976L NO881976L (en) | 1988-11-14 |
NO176554B true NO176554B (en) | 1995-01-16 |
NO176554C NO176554C (en) | 1995-04-26 |
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NO881976A NO176554C (en) | 1987-05-12 | 1988-05-06 | Quaternary ammonium-type surfactants, surfactants containing the compounds, and the use of the compounds |
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Country | Link |
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DE (1) | DE3816200C2 (en) |
FI (1) | FI94237C (en) |
FR (1) | FR2615122B1 (en) |
NO (1) | NO176554C (en) |
SE (1) | SE503556C2 (en) |
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DE4007596A1 (en) * | 1990-03-09 | 1991-09-12 | Henkel Kgaa | Water-miscible cpds. with alkylene oxide units and quat. ammonium gps. - obtd. by quaternisation of tert. amine(s) with alkyl halide(s), sulphate(s), phosphate(s), etc. then with epihalohydrin(s) |
DE19539845C1 (en) * | 1995-10-26 | 1996-11-21 | Henkel Kgaa | Glucoquat(s), sugar-based ester:quat(s) |
DE19539846C1 (en) * | 1995-10-26 | 1996-11-21 | Henkel Kgaa | Prepn. of esterquats for use as additives to detergent compsns., etc. |
DE19539876C1 (en) * | 1995-10-26 | 1996-12-05 | Henkel Kgaa | New, biodegradable sorbitol ester-based quaternary cpds. |
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SE377349C (en) * | 1971-11-19 | 1983-09-12 | Berol Kemi Ab | WANT TO REDUCE THE MECHANICAL HALF STRENGTH AND / OR IMPROVE THE SOFTWARE OF CELLULOSA OR PAPER |
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1987
- 1987-05-12 FR FR8706653A patent/FR2615122B1/en not_active Expired
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1988
- 1988-05-06 NO NO881976A patent/NO176554C/en unknown
- 1988-05-10 FI FI882178A patent/FI94237C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-05-11 SE SE8801778A patent/SE503556C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-05-11 DE DE3816200A patent/DE3816200C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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DE3816200C2 (en) | 1998-07-02 |
NO881976L (en) | 1988-11-14 |
FR2615122A1 (en) | 1988-11-18 |
SE503556C2 (en) | 1996-07-08 |
DE3816200A1 (en) | 1988-11-24 |
FR2615122B1 (en) | 1989-07-28 |
NO881976D0 (en) | 1988-05-06 |
FI94237B (en) | 1995-04-28 |
FI882178A0 (en) | 1988-05-10 |
NO176554C (en) | 1995-04-26 |
FI94237C (en) | 1995-08-10 |
FI882178A (en) | 1988-11-13 |
SE8801778L (en) | 1988-11-13 |
SE8801778D0 (en) | 1988-05-11 |
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