NO175599B - Flytforbedrende og blakningspunktsenkende blandinger, konsentrat og anvendelse av additivblandingen i brenselolje, som hellepunktdepressor - Google Patents
Flytforbedrende og blakningspunktsenkende blandinger, konsentrat og anvendelse av additivblandingen i brenselolje, som hellepunktdepressorInfo
- Publication number
- NO175599B NO175599B NO883892A NO883892A NO175599B NO 175599 B NO175599 B NO 175599B NO 883892 A NO883892 A NO 883892A NO 883892 A NO883892 A NO 883892A NO 175599 B NO175599 B NO 175599B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- carbon atoms
- group
- copolymer
- polymer
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 title claims description 4
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- -1 dicarboxylic acid ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010771 distillate fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003966 growth inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000881 depressing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 14
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- CCCMONHAUSKTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadec-1-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C CCCMONHAUSKTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XHSDDKAGJYJAQM-ULDVOPSXSA-N dioctadecyl (e)-but-2-enedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)\C=C\C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC XHSDDKAGJYJAQM-ULDVOPSXSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 6
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tetradecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC=C HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229940069096 dodecene Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VAMFXQBUQXONLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N icos-1-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C VAMFXQBUQXONLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexadecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- HEJZJSIRBLOWPD-WCWDXBQESA-N didodecyl (e)-but-2-enedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)\C=C\C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCC HEJZJSIRBLOWPD-WCWDXBQESA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 3
- NXQIBFMKDQPBGW-QNEJGDQOSA-N dihexadecyl (e)-but-2-enedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)\C=C\C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC NXQIBFMKDQPBGW-QNEJGDQOSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UJGLEDCKGRRXHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctadecyl 2-methylidenebutanedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC UJGLEDCKGRRXHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N itaconic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- YXIQOXQGELPIFQ-WUKNDPDISA-N (e)-4-hexadecoxy-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O YXIQOXQGELPIFQ-WUKNDPDISA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHQJUHSHQGQVTM-VHEBQXMUSA-N (e)-4-octadecoxy-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O MHQJUHSHQGQVTM-VHEBQXMUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PJLHTVIBELQURV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pentadecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C PJLHTVIBELQURV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FWLDHHJLVGRRHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N decyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C FWLDHHJLVGRRHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BVVRPLNLVUMGSL-FMQUCBEESA-N didecyl (e)-but-2-enedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)\C=C\C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCC BVVRPLNLVUMGSL-FMQUCBEESA-N 0.000 description 2
- DLBIZQBMDGOEFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N didodecyl 2-methylidenebutanedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCC DLBIZQBMDGOEFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- DYVHFPDDBMMBAX-BYYHNAKLSA-N ditetradecyl (e)-but-2-enedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)\C=C\C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DYVHFPDDBMMBAX-BYYHNAKLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-L fumarate(2-) Chemical class [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C([O-])=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940095068 tetradecene Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000006527 (C1-C5) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YXIQOXQGELPIFQ-MSUUIHNZSA-N (z)-4-hexadecoxy-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O YXIQOXQGELPIFQ-MSUUIHNZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAXRTBFZGJJUGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-docosanoyloxyethyl docosanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC ZAXRTBFZGJJUGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C=C CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SAPXAGDQAQFZQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-tetradecoxycarbonylbut-3-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(=C)CC(O)=O SAPXAGDQAQFZQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUPFOZKQZDGWGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)methyl]-3,5-dimethyl-1h-pyrazole Chemical compound CC1=NNC(C)=C1CC1=C(F)C=CC=C1Cl BUPFOZKQZDGWGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021357 Behenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004805 Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical class OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HETCEOQFVDFGSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropenyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=C)OC(C)=O HETCEOQFVDFGSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHQJUHSHQGQVTM-HNENSFHCSA-N Octadecyl fumarate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O MHQJUHSHQGQVTM-HNENSFHCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002582 Polyethylene Glycol 600 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- PLZVEHJLHYMBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetradecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCN PLZVEHJLHYMBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEPKQEUBKLEPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N VX-745 Chemical compound FC1=CC(F)=CC=C1SC1=NN2C=NC(=O)C(C=3C(=CC=CC=3Cl)Cl)=C2C=C1 VEPKQEUBKLEPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QYQADNCHXSEGJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,1-dicarboxylate;hydron Chemical class OC(=O)C1(C(O)=O)CCCCC1 QYQADNCHXSEGJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSAWQNUELGIYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCCCC1C(O)=O QSAWQNUELGIYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ASJCSAKCMTWGAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCCC1C(O)=O ASJCSAKCMTWGAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GTBGXKPAKVYEKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N decyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GTBGXKPAKVYEKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BVVRPLNLVUMGSL-VXPUYCOJSA-N didecyl (z)-but-2-enedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)\C=C/C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCC BVVRPLNLVUMGSL-VXPUYCOJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HEJZJSIRBLOWPD-VHXPQNKSSA-N didodecyl (z)-but-2-enedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)\C=C/C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCC HEJZJSIRBLOWPD-VHXPQNKSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTROWUKRRAQTAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihexadecyl 2-methylidenebutanedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC NTROWUKRRAQTAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BYTUFSGZLIJSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihexadecyl 2-methylidenebutanedioate;ditridecyl 2-methylidenebutanedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCC.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC BYTUFSGZLIJSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CUKXIDNDOQQWQN-QVIHXGFCSA-N dipentadecyl (e)-but-2-enedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)\C=C\C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CUKXIDNDOQQWQN-QVIHXGFCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DYVHFPDDBMMBAX-DQSJHHFOSA-N ditetradecyl (z)-but-2-enedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)\C=C/C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DYVHFPDDBMMBAX-DQSJHHFOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWYLBXDBGNFKGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ditetradecyl 2-methylidenebutanedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCC WWYLBXDBGNFKGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SPJDYNFIRHQAQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ditridecyl 2-methylidenebutanedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCC SPJDYNFIRHQAQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- WNMORWGTPVWAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 2-methylpropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)C(=O)OC=C WNMORWGTPVWAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC=C MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003827 glycol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZNAOFAIBVOMLPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C ZNAOFAIBVOMLPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical class C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- CFBXDFZIDLWOSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C CFBXDFZIDLWOSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGYRYRBDIPYKTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C NGYRYRBDIPYKTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010688 mineral lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YHPLDIMIJCPNBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyldocosan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCNC YHPLDIMIJCPNBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HKUFIYBZNQSHQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-octadecyloctadecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC HKUFIYBZNQSHQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005445 natural material Substances 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002103 osmometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GOZDOXXUTWHSKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentadecyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C GOZDOXXUTWHSKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOALFFJGWSCQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C XOALFFJGWSCQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår flytforbedrende og blakningspunktsenkende blandinger, spesielt for brenselsoljer og i særdeles destillatbrenselsoljer, og konsentrat.
Oppfinnelsen angår også anvendelsen av additivblandinger som angitt ovenfor i en brenselsolje.
Forskjellige blakningspunktdepressorer, det vil si additiver som forsinker inntredenen av krystalliser ing av voks i brenselsoljer når temperaturen synker, er foreslått og har vært effektive. Imidlertid er det funnet at, når de benyttes i forbindelse med flytforbedrende midler i brenselsoljer, blir egenskapene til flytforbedreren forringet.
Det er nu funnet et blakningspunktsenkende middel for brenselsoljer som ikke bare virker som effektivt blakningspunktsenkende middel men som samtidig så å si ikke forringer egenskapene til andre f lytf orbedrere som også kan være satt til brenselsoljen.
Polymerene ifølge oppfinnelsen er også potente destillatbrennstoff-forbedrere når de benyttes alene eller i kombinasjon med andre kjente additiver. Det syntes som om bruken er utvidet til brennstoffer og oljer der voksutfelling kan skje fra oppløsningen når omgivelsestemperaturen synker og derved gir flytproblemer, for eksempel i brennstoffer som jet-brennstoff, kerosen, dieselolje og tunge brennstoffer, brenselsolje, råoljer og smøreoljer. De virker også som vokskrystallmodifiserende midler for å endre størrelsen og formen på vokskrystallene og forbedrer derved lavtemperatur-flytegenskapen for brennstoffet eller oljen, for eksempel målt ved kaldfilterpluggepunktet, CFPP, prøve IP 309/80. Det kan også bevirke inhibering av temperaturen ved hvilken voksen begynner å krystallisere, for eksempel målt ved blakningspunktprøven, IP 219 ASTM D2500.
I henhold til dette angår foreliggende oppfinnelse en blanding omfattende en middeldestillatbrenselsolje som koker innen området 120 til 500°C og fra 0,0001 til 0,5 vekt-#, beregnet på vekten av brenselsoljen, av en additivblanding omfattende
A) en flytforbedrer valgt blant:
I) en polyoksyalkylenester, -eter, -ester/eter, -amid/ester eller en blanding derav med en molekylvekt fra 600 til 5000,
II) en etylenumettet esterkopolymer,
III) en polar forbindelse, enten ionisk eller ikke-ionisk,
med evnen til i brennstoffer å virke som voks-krystallvekstinhibitor, og
B) en blakningspunktdepressor omfattende en kampolymer med alkylsidekjeder fra en ryggrad, karakterisert ved at alkylsidekjedene består av
i) en første gruppe med en felles kjedelengde på minst
10 karbonatomer,
ii) en andre gruppe med en felles sidekjedelengde på
minst 5 karbonatomer mer enn den i den første gruppe,
iii) en eventuell tredje gruppe med en felles sidekjedelengde på minst 8 karbonatomer, forutsatt at de tre grupper skiller seg fra hverandre med minst 5 karbonatomer, og
iv) en eventuell avstandsgruppe, og
v) alkylsidekjedene er n-alkyl eller substituert aryl eller inneholder ikke mer enn 1 metylforgrening pr. alkylgruppe.
Det er vesentlig at hvis noen av de definerte alkylgrupper er forgrenet, må forgreningen ikke være mer enn en metylforgrening pr. alkylgruppe.
Det er foretrukket at når polymeren er avledet fra en monomer med kun tre alkylgrupper, er kjedelengden for den mellomliggende alkylkjedegruppe halvparten av summen av kjede-lengdene av de korteste og lengste alkylgrupper.
Polymerene som virker på voksen som her beskrevet kan angis som "kam"-polymerer, det vil si polymerer med alkylsidekjeder fra ryggraden. Da polymerene ifølge oppfinnelsen inkluderer blanding av to sidekjeder på den samme polymer kan disse sidekjeder innarbeides ved blanding før monomerdannelsen (det vil si at en monomer kan inneholde begge sidekjeder) eller monomerblandingen kan dannes ved å blande monomerene, hver med en individuell sidekjedelengde.
Som nevnt innledningsvis angår oppfinnelsen også anvendelsen av den ovenfor beskrevne additivblanding i en brenselsolje.
Et vidt spektrum av polymerblandinger eller av polymerer kan benyttes forutsatt at de har det definerte antall og størrelsen av alkylgrupper. Således kan man for eksempel benytte polymerblandinger av dialkylfumarat-vinylacetat, alkylitakonat-vinylacetat-kopolymerer eller polymerer av itakonater, alkylakrylater, alkylmetakrylater og a-olefiner. Man kan se at én "rom"-gruppe, for eksempel vinylacetat, kan skytes inn i polymeren og disse grupper har ikke de ovenfor angitte kjedelengderestriksjoner.
De definerte alkylgrupper i monomerblandingen eller polymeren må inneholde et minimum på 8 karbonatomer. Fortrinnsvis har de mellom 10 og 20 karbonatomer og egnede par er C^q» Ci4°S c18'<c>12 °S <c>16 °S <c>14 °g c18- Egnede trioer er C10, <C>14 og c18' cll» <c>14 °S <c>17» <c>12» c15°S <c>18- Alkylgruppene er fortrinnsvis n-alkylgrupper, men hvis ønskelig kan forgrenede alkylgrupper benyttes.
Hvis forgrenede sidekjeder benyttes, kan man benytte kun en enkel metylgren, for eksempel i 1- eller 2-posisjon fra hovedryggraden, for eksempel 1-metylheksadecyl.
Det er foretrukket at forskjellen i kjedelengde for parene av alkylgrupper er minst 5, spesielt for polymerer av monomerer med to eller tre forskjellige alkylgrupper.
Den tallmidlere molekylvekt for polymerene i polymerblan-dingen og for polymerene kan variere, men ligger vanligvis mellom 1000 og 500 000, fortrinnsvis mellom 2000 og 100 000, målt ved gelpermeasjonskromatografi.
En typisk polymer er en kopolymer inneholdende opp til 75 vekt-# (f ra 25-75vekt-#) av et a-olefin eller en annen umettet ester som en vinylester og/eller et alkylakrylat eller-metakrylat. Homopolymerer av di-n-alkylfumarater eller kopolymerer av di-n-alkylfumarater og vinylacetat er spesielt foretrukket.
Monomerene, for eksempel karboksylsyreestrene, som kan benyttes ved fremstilling av den foretrukne polymer, kan representeres ved den generelle formel:
der R<1> og R^ er hydrogen eller en C^_4~alkylgruppe, for eksempel metyl, R<3> er R<5>, C00R<5>, 0C0R<5> eller OR<5>, R<4> er C00R<3>, hydrogen eller en C.j_4-alkylgruppe, fortrinnsvis COOR<3 >og R<5> er C1_2g-alkyl eller C^gg-substituert aryl. Disse kan fremstilles ved forestring av den spesielle mono- eller dikarboksylsyre med den egnede alkohol eller den egnede blanding av alkoholer.
Eksempler på andre umettede estre som kan kopolymeriseres er alkylakrylater og -metakrylater. Dikarboksylsyremono- og di-estermonomerene kan kopolymeriseres med forskjellige mengder, for eksempel 5 til 75 mol-# andre umettede estre eller olefiner. Slike andre estre inkluderer kortalkylestre med formelen:
der R' er hydrogen eller C1_4-alkyl, R er -COOR"" eller-OCOR"" der R"" er en C1_5~alkylgruppe av forgrenet eller uforgrenet type og r'" er R" eller hydrogen. Eksempler på denne type kortkjedeestre er metakrylater, akrylater, idet vinylestre som vinylacetat og vinylpropionat er foretrukket. Mer spesielle eksempler omfatter metylmetakrylat, isopro-penylacetat og butyl- og isobutylakrylat.
De foretrukne kopolymerer inneholder fra 40 til 60 mol-% dialkylfumarat og 60 til 40 mol-% vinylacetat der alkylgruppene i dialkylfumaratet er som angitt ovenfor.
Der esterpolymerer eller -kopolymerer benyttes kan disse hensiktsmessig fremstilles ved polymerisering av ester-monomerene i en oppløsning av et hydrokarbonoppløsningsmiddel som heptan, benzen, cykloheksan eller white spirit ved en temperatur generelt innen området 20 til 150°C og vanligvis fremmet ved hjelp av en katalysator av peroksyd- eller azotypen som benzoylperoksyd eller azodiisobutyronitril, under et teppe av en inertgass som nitrogen eller karbon-dioksyd for å utelukke oksygen.
Spesifikke eksempler på egnede par av monomerer er didodecylfumarat og dioktadecylfumarat; ditridecylfumarat og dinona-decylfumarat; styren- med didodecylmaleat og dioktadecyl-maleat; ditridecylitakonat og dioktadecylitakonat; ditetra-decylitakonat og dioktadecylitakonat, didodecyl itakonat og dioktadecylitakonat; tetradecylitakonat og dieicosylitakonat; decylakrylat og heksadecylakrylat; tridecylakrylat og nonadecylakrylat; decylmetakrylat og oktadecylmetakrylat; 1-dodecen og 1-heksadecen; 1-tetradecen og 1-oktadecen. De ovenfor angitte monomerpar kan polymeriseres sammen med avstandsmonomerer slik som vinylacetat.
Som alternativer til dialkylforbindelsene ovenfor kan man "benytte monoalkylekvivalentene; for eksempel polymonododecyl-fumarat og monooktadecylfumarat.
Spesifikke eksempler på egnede trioer av monomerer er didodecylfumarat, dipentadecylfumarat og dioktadecylfumarat, didecylfumarat, ditetradecylfumarat og dioktadecylfumarat med vinylacetat; didecylmaleat, ditetradecylmaleat og diokta-decylmaleat med styren, ditridecylitakonatdiheksadecyl-itakonat og dinonadecylitakonat med vinylacetat; didodecyl-itakonat, diheksadecylitakonat og dieicosylitakonat; decylakrylat, pentadecylakrylat og eicosylakrylat; dodecyl-metakrylat, heksadecylmetakrylat og eicosylmetakrylat; 1—dodecen, 1-pentadecen og 1-oktadecen.
Spesifikke eksempler på egnede polymerer med tre forskjellige alkylgrupper er n-decyl, n-tetradecyl, n-oktadecylfumarat-vinylacetatkopolymer.
Polymerer med to forskjellige eller tre forskjellige alkylgrupper kan hensiktsmessig fremstilles ved å benytte en blanding av alkoholer av egnet kjedelengde når man for eksempel forestrer syren eller alkylerer en benzenring.
Generelt er det foretrukket å benytte en dialkylfumarat-vinylacetatkopolymerer eller et polydialkylfumarat, spesielt didecylfumaratdioktadecylf unra r at - vinyl acetatkopolymer ; di dodecylfumarat-diheksadecylfumaratdiheksadecylfumarat-vinylacetatkopolymer; dodecyl, heksadecylfumarat-vinylacetat-kopolymer; polydidecylfumarat og dioktadecylfumarat; polydodecyldiheksadecylfumarat; polydodecyl, heksadecylfumarat. Eksempler på poly-a-olefiner er kopoly(dodecen, eicosen) og kopoly(tetradecen, oktadecen).
Midlene ifølge oppfinnelsen kan tilsettes til en brenselsolje, for eksempel en flytende hydrokarbonbrenselsolje. De flytende hydrokarbonbrenselsoljer kan være destillatbrenselsoljer slik som middeldestillatbrenselsoljer, for eksempel et dieselbrennstoff, et flybrennstoff, kerosen, brenselsolje, jetolje, fyringsolje og så videre. Generelt er egnede destillatbrennstoffer de som koker innen området 120 til 500°C i henhold til ASTM D86, fortrinnsvis de som koker innen området 150 til 400°C, for eksempel destillatpetroleum-brenselsoljer som koker innen området 120 til 500°C eller et destillatbrennstoff hvis 90$ til sluttkokepunktområdet er 10 til 40°C og hvis sluttkokepunkt ligger innen området 340 til 400°C. Fyringsoljer er fortrinnsvis fremstilt av en blanding av jomfrudestillat, for eksempel gassolje, nafta, og så videre og krakkede destillater, for eksempel katalytisk resirkuleringsvare. Alternativt kan de tilsettes til råoljer eller smøreoljer.
Additivene tilsettes i en mindre vektandel, fortrinnsvis innen området fra 0,0001 til 0,5 vekt-# og helst 0,001 til 0,2 vekt-#, helt spesielt fra 0,01 til 0,05 vekt-# aktivt stoff, beregnet på vekten av brenselsoljen.
Forbedrede resultater oppnås ofte når brennstoffblandingene til hvilke oppfinnelsens additiver settes, inneholder andre additiver som er kjente for å forbedre kaldflytegenskapene for destillatbrennstoffene rent generelt. Eksempler på disse andre additiver er polyoksyalkylenestre, -etre, —ester/etre, -amid/estre og blandinger derav, spesielt de som inneholder minst to C10_gQ-lineære mettede alkylgrupper av et polyoksy-alkylenglykol med en molekylvekt fra 100 til 5000 og fortrinnsvis 200 til 5000 idet alkylgruppen i polyoksy-alkylenglykolen inneholder fra 1 til 4 karbonatomer. EP-publ. 0 061 895 A2 beskriver noen av disse additiver.
De foretrukne estre, etre og ester/etre kan strukturelt angis ved formelen: der R<5> og r<6> er ijke eller forskjellige og kan være:
hvorved alkylgruppen er lineær og mettet og inneholder 10 til 30 karbonatomer, og A betyr polyoksyalkylensegmentet av glykolen hvori alkylengruppen har 1 til 4 karbonatomer som polyoksymetylen, polyoksyetylen eller polyoksytrimetylen som er i det vesentlige lineær; en viss forgreningsgrad med lavere alkylsidekjeder som i polyoksypropylenglykol kan tolereres, men det er foretrukket at glykolen i det vesentlige er lineær.
Egnede glykoler generelt er de i det vesentlige lineære polyetylenglykoler, PEG, og polypropylenglykoler, PPG, med en molekylvekt på 100 til 5000 og fortrinnsvis 200 til 2000. Estre er foretrukket og fettsyrer inneholdende 10 til 30 karbonatomer er brukbare for omsetning med glykolene for å gi esteradditivene og det er foretrukket å bruke en C1C
18-24
fettsyre, spesielt behensyrer. Estrene kan også fremstilles ved forestring av polyetoksylerte fettsyrer eller polyetoksylerte alkoholer. Et spesielt foretrukket additiv av denne type er polyetylenglykoldibehenat, idet glykoldelen har en molekylvekt på ca. 600 og ofte forkortes som PEG 600-dibehenat.
Andre egnede additiver som kan benyttes sammen med blak-ningspunktdepressorene ifølge oppfinnelsen er etylenumettede esterkopolymerflytforbedrere. De umettede monomerer som kan kopolymeriseres sammen med etylen inkluderer umettede mono-og diestre med den generelle formel:
der R<8> er hydrogen eller metyl, R<7> er en -OOCR<10>-gruppe der R1<0> er hydrogen eller C-L_28-' vanligvis ci_i7~°S helst C1_g-rett eller forgrenet alkylgruppe; eller R<7> er en -COOR^<0->gruppe der R<1>^ er som angitt ovenfor, men ikke hydrogen og R<9 >er hydrogen eller -OOCR<10> som angitt ovenfor. Monomeren inkluderer når R<7> og R<9> er hydrogen og R<8> er -OOCR10, vinylalkoholestre av ^ i— 29~' vanligv:i-s C^_^g-monokarboksyl-syre og fortrinnsvis c2_2g~°§ vanligvis C1_lg-monokarboksyl-syre, helst C2_5-monokarboksylsyre. Eksempler på vinylestre som kan kopolymeriseres med etylen er vinylacetat, vinylpropionat og vinylbutyrat eller -isobutyrat, idet vinylacetat er foretrukket, det er videre foretrukket at kopolymerene inneholder fra 20 til 40 vekt-$ vinylester og helst fra 25 til 35 vekt-# vinylester. De kan også være blandinger av to kopolymerer som beskrevet i US-PS 3 961 916. Det er foretrukket at disse kopolymerer har en tallmidlere molekylvekt, målt ved dampfaseosmometri, på 1000 til 6000 og fortrinnsvis 1000 til 3000.
Andre egnede additiver som kan benyttes med additivene ifølge oppfinnelsen er polare forbindelser, enten ioniske eller ikke-ioniske, som i brennstoffene virker som krystallvekst-inhibitorer. Polare nitrogenholdige forbindelser er funnet å være spesielt effektive når de benyttes i kombinasjon med glykolestre, -etre eller -ester/etre. Disse polare forbindelser er generelt aminsalter og/eller amider dannet ved omsetning av minst en molar andel hydrokarbylsubstituerte aminer med en molar andel hydrokarbylsyre med 1 til 4 karboksylsyregrupper eller disses anhydrider; ester/amider kan også benyttes inneholdende 30 til 300 og fortrinnsvis 50 til 150 karbonatomer totalt. Disse nitrogenforbindelser er beskrevet i US-PS 4 211 534. Egnede aminer er vanligvis langkjedede C12_40-primære, sekundære, tertiære eller kvaternære aminer eller blandinger derav, kortere kjedeaminer kan imidlertid benyttes forutsatt at den resulterende nitrogenforbindelse er oljeoppløselig og inneholder derfor vanligvis fra 30 til 300 karbonatomer totalt. Nitrogen-forbindelsen inneholder fortrinnsvis minst et rettkjedet <r>8—40- og fortrinnsvis <C>14_24-alkylsegment.
Egnede aminer er primære, sekundære, tertiære eller kvaternære aminer, men fortrinnsvis er aminet sekundært. Tertiære og kvaternære aminer kan kun danne aminsalter. Eksempler på aminer er tetradecylamin, kokoamin, hydrogenert tallamin og lignende. Eksempler på sekundære aminer er dioktadecylamin, metyl-behenylamin og lignende. Aminblandinger er også egnet og mange aminer avledet fra naturlige stoffer er blandinger. Det foretrukne amin er et sekundært hydrogenert tallamin med formelen HNR-^R<2> der R<1> og R<2> er alkylgrupper avledet fra hydrogenert tallfett bestående av ca. 4% C14, 31% C-^, 59% <c>18-
Eksempler på egnede karboksylsyrer for fremstilling av disse nitrogenforbindelser og deres anhydrider er cykloheksan-1,2-dikarboksylsyre, cykloheksandikarboksylsyrer, cyklopentan-1,2-dikarboksylsyre, naftalendikarboksylsyre og lignende.
Generelt vil disse syrer ha 5 til 13 karbonatomer i den cykliske del. Foretrukne syrer er benzendikarboksylsyrer som ftalsyre, tereftalsyre og isoftalsyre. Ftalsyre eller dennes anhydrid er spesielt foretrukket. De spesielt foretrukne forbindelser er amid-aminsaltet som dannes ved omsetning av en 1 molar andel ftalsyreanhydrid med 2 molare andeler dihydrogenert tallamin. En annen foretrukket forbindelse er det diamin som dannes ved dehydratisering av dette amid-aminsal t .
De relative andeler additiver som benyttes i blandingene er fortrinnsvis fra 0,05 til 20 vektdeler og aller helst fra 0,1 til 5 vektdeler additiv ifølge oppfinnelsen pr. 1 del andre additiver slik som polyoksyalkylenestre, -etre eller ester/eter eller amid-ester.
Additivet ifølge oppfinnelsen kan hensiktsmessig oppløses i et egnet oppløsningsmiddel for derved å gi et konsentrat med fra 20 til 90, for eksempel 30 til 80 vekt-# av polymeren i oppløsningsmidlet. Egnede oppløsningsmidler er kerosen, aromatiske naftaer, mineralsmøreoljer og så videre.
Eksempel 1
I dette eksempel ble det benyttet tre additiver ifølge oppfinnelsen. Det første, CD1, var en kopolymer av 50% molar n-decyl, n-oktadecylfumarat og 50% molar vinylacetat idet den tallmidlere molekylvekt var 35 000. Den andre tilsetning, CD2, var en kopolymer av 50$ molar n-dodecyl, n-heksadecylfumarat og 50$ molar vinylacetat idet den tallmidlere molekylvekt var 35 000. Det tredje additiv, CD3, var en kopolymer av en blanding av 25$ molar n-didodecylfumarat, 50% molar n-diheksadecylfumarat og 50% molar vinylacetat, idet fumaratene ble blandet efter forestring. Den tallmidlere molekylvekt for kopolymeren var 31 200.
Satt til forskjellige brennstoffer ble hvert additiv blandet i et 1:4 vektforhold med en flytforbedrer K bestående av en blanding av etylen/vinylacetatkopolymerer. Denne blanding er en 3:1 vektblanding av en etylen/vinylacetatkopolymer inneholdende 36% vinylacetat med en tallmidlere molekylvekt på ca. 2000 og en etylen/vinylacetatkopolymer inneholdende 13 vekt-# vinylacetat med en tallmidlere molekylvekt på ca. 3000 .
For å prøve effektiviteten for additivene som flytforbedrere og blakningspunktdepressorer ble de i en konsentrasjon av 0,010 til 0,0625 vekt-# aktivstoff satt til syv forskjellige brennstoffer A til G med følgende karakteristika:
Brennstoffet alene og inneholdende additivene hie underkastet kaldfilterpluggepunktprøven og differensialskanderende kalorimetri der detaljene var som følger:
Kaldfilterpluggepunktprøve (CFPPT )
Kaldflytegenskapene for blandingen ble bestemt ved kald-filterpluggepunktprøven, CFPPT. Denne prøve gjennomføres ved den prosedyre som er beskrevet i detalj i "Journal of the Institute of Petroleum", vol. 52, nr. 510, juni 1966, s. 173-185. Kort sagt blir en 40 ml prøve av oljen som skal prøves avkjølt ved hjelp av et bad som holdes ved ca. -34°C. Periodisk (ved hver grad Celsius-fall i temperaturen fra 2°C over blakningspunktet) blir den avkjølte olje prøvet på evnen til å strømme gjennom en fin duk i et gitt tidsrom. Denne kaldegenskap prøves med en innretning bestående av en pipette til hvis nedre ende det er forbundet en snudd trakt som befinner seg under overflaten av oljen som skal utprøves. Strukket over munningen av trakten befinner det seg en 350 mesh duk med et areal på ca. 2,90 cm2 . De periodiske prøver blir hver initiert ved å legge på et undertrykk på den øvre ende av pipetten, hvorved olje trekkes gjennom duken opp i pipetten til et merke som antyder 20 ml olje. Prøven gjentas med hver en grads fall i temperaturen inntil oljen ikke fyller pipetten i løpet av 60 sekunder. Resultatet av prøven angis som CFPP (°C) og som er differansen mellom feilings-temperaturen for ikke-behandlet olje, CFPPq og olje behandlet med flytforbedreren, CFPP^,
det vil si
Ved DSC, differensial skanderende kalorimetri, blir aWÅT ("Vax Appearance Temperature") i °C målt som differansen mellom den temperatur der voksen kommer tilsyne for basis-destillatbrennstoffet alene, WATq , og den temperatur der voks opptrer i behandlet destillatbrenselsolje, WAT^, når en 25 pl prøve avkjøles i kalorimeteret ved 2°C/minutt, det vil si
Instrumentet som benyttes ved disse studier var en Metier TA2000 B. Det er funnet at AWAT korrelerer med blaknings-punktdepresj onen.
Man bestemmer videre CFPP-regresjonen som er differansen i CFPP-L mellom brennstoff behandlet med flytforbedreren alene, for eksempel polyrnerblanding K, og brennstoff behandlet med flytforbedrer, for eksempel polymerblanding K, og helle-punktsdepressor. Det skal være klart at jo mindre CFPP-regresjonen er, jo mindre forringer blakningspunktdepressoren egenskapene til flytforbedreren.
CFPP reg = CFPP (f lytf orbedrer K) - CFPP (blakn ingspunkt-depressor). En negativ CFPP-regresjon betyr at CFPP er forbedret.
ACFPP og CFPP-regresjonen ble bestemt to ganger for hvert brennstoff og det midlere resultatet anføres.
For sammenligningsformål ble de samme prøver gjennomført på de samme brennstoffer, men i stedet for CD1, CD2 og CD3 ble det benyttet tre dialkylfumarat/vinylacetatkopolymeer X, Y og Z som var henholdsvis ditetradecylfumarat/vinylacetat-kopolymerer, di-(C14_16~alkyl)fumarat/vinylacetatkopolymer der alkoholene var blandet før forestring med fumarsyre og diheksadecylfumarat/vinylacetatkopolymer. I hver kopolymer var mengden vinylacetat 50 mol-% og den tallmidlere molekylvekt for kopolymerene var ca. 4200 vektmidlere molekylvekt.
Eksempel 2
I dette eksempel ble tre polydialkylfumarater CD4, CD5 og CD6 benyttet som flytforbedrere og hellepunktsdepressorer.
CD4 var et poly(n-decyl/n-oktadecyl )fumarat med en tallmidlere molekylvekt på ca. 4200, CD5 var et poly(n-dodecyl/n-heksadecyl)fumarat med en tallmidlere molekylvekt på ca. 3300 og CD6 var en kopolymer av en 1:1 molar blanding av di-n-dodecylfumarat og di-n-heksadecylfumarat med en tallmidlere molekylvekt på 4300.
Den samme flytforbedrer som benyttet i eksempel 1 ble også benyttet (det vil si polymerblanding K) og hver blakningspunktdepressor ble blandet i et 1:4-molforhold med flytforbedreren.
For å prøve effektiviteten av blakningspunktdepressoren i kombinasjon med flytforbedreren ble disse tilsatt i de samme konsentrasjoner og til de samme syv brennstoffer A til G som ble benyttet i eksempel 1.
Brennstoffet alene også inneholdende additivet ble underkastet kaldfilterpluggepunktsprøven og differensialskanderende kalorimetri.
De oppnådde resultater var som følger:
For sammenligningens skyld ble de følgende polyfumarater også prøvet i brennstoff G.
PFI lik et poly-(n-dodecyl/n-tetradecyl)fumarat
PF2 lik et poly-n-tetradecyl-fumarat og
PF3 lik et poly-(n-teradecyl/n-heksadecyl)fumarat.
Generelt er resultatene bedre enn de som ble oppnådd for de kjente additiver X, Y og Z som vist i eksempel 1 og pro-duktene PFI, PF2 og PF3.
Eksempel 3
I dette eksempel ble visse poly-a-olefiner fremstilt og prøvet med henblikk på flytforbedreraktivitet og blaknings-punktdepresjon ved tilsetning til brennstoffene A, C og G i eksempel 1. Videre ble flytforbedreren i eksempel 1 tilsatt til brennstoffene for noen av prøvene.
Poly-a-olefinene var:
P : kopoly(dodecen, eicosen)
Q : kopoly(tetradecen, oktadecen)
hvert tilfelle var molforholdet mellom de to monomerer 1:1.
Prøvene var CFPP og DSC.
De oppnådde resultater var:
Brennstoff ble også benyttet for å prøve mer konvensjonelt fremstilte poly-a-olefiner, for eksempel:
R = poly-a-tetracen
S = poly-a-heksadecen
T = poly-a-oktadecen
TJ = poly-a-eicosan
Resultatene for CFPP og WÅT kan sammenlignes med resultatene fra polymerene fremstilt ifølge oppfinnelsen. Generelt er de oppnådde resultater bedre enn de som oppnås for de kjente additiver X, Y og Z som vist i eksempel 1.
Eksempel 4
To styrenmaleatkopolymerer M og N ble tilsatt i forskjellige konsentrasjoner til brennstoff G i eksempel 1 som var flytforbedreren K. Kopolymeren M var en kopolymer av en ekvimolar blanding av styren og n-decyl, n-oktadecylmaleat og kopolymer N var en kopolymer av en ekvimolar blanding av styren og n-dodecyl, n-heksadecylmaleat.
Prøvene var CFPP og DSC.
De oppnådde resultater var:
Brennstoff G ble også benyttet for å prøve mer konvensjonelt fremstilte styren-maleatkopolymerer, for eksempel
V = styren-di-n-decylmaleatkopolymer
W = styren-di-n-dodecylmaleatkopolymer
X = styren-di-n-tetradecylmaleatkopolymer
Y = styren-di-n-heksadecylmaleatkopolymer
Z = styren --di-n-oktadecylmaleatkopolymer
Resultatene for ACFPP og awAT kan sammenlignes med resultatene fra kopolymerene M og N. Man ser at den beste kombinasjon av resultater generelt oppnås med kopolymerer ifølge oppfinnelsen.
Generelt er resultatene bedre enn de som oppnås for de kjente additiver X, Y og Z som vist i eksempel 1.
Claims (10)
1.
Blanding omfattende en middeldestillatbrenselsolje som koker innen området 120 til 500°C og fra 0,0001 til 0,5 vekt-#, beregnet på vekten av brenselsoljen, av en additivblanding omfattende A) en flytforbedrer valgt blant: I) en polyoksyalkylenester, -eter, -ester/eter, -amid/ester eller en blanding derav med en molekylvekt fra 600 til 5000, II) en etylenumettet esterkopolymer, III) en polar forbindelse, enten ionisk eller ikke-ionisk, med evnen til i brennstoffer å virke som voks-krystallvekstinhibitor , og B) en blakningspunktdepressor omfattende en kampolymer med alkylsidekjeder fra en ryggrad, karakterisert
ved at
alkylsidekjedene består av i) en første gruppe med en felles kjedelengde på minst 10 karbonatomer, ii) en andre gruppe med en felles sidekjedelengde på minst 5 karbonatomer mer enn den i den første gruppe, iii) en eventuell tredje gruppe med en felles sidekjedelengde på minst 8 karbonatomer, forutsatt at de tre grupper skiller seg fra hverandre med minst 5 karbonatomer, og iv) en eventuell avstandsgruppe, og v) alkylsidekjedene er n-alkyl eller substituert aryl eller inneholder ikke mer enn 1 metylforgrening pr. alkylgruppe.
2 .
Blanding ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at polymer B er oppnådd fra monomerer med kun tre alkylgrupper og at kjedelengden for den mellomliggende alkylgruppe er halvparten av summen av lengdene av den korteste og lengste alkylgruppe.
3.
Blanding ifølge krav 1 eller 2, karakterisert ved at alkylgruppene har fra 10 og 20 karbonatomer.
4.
Blanding ifølge et hvilket som helst av de foregående krav, karakterisert ved at den tallmidlere molekylvekt for polymer B er fra 1000 til 500 000, målt ved gelpermeasj onskromatograf i.
5 .
Blanding ifølge et hvilket som helst av de foregående krav, karakterisert ved at polymer B er en kopolymer av dikarboksylsyreesteren med opp til 75 $ av et a-olefin eller en umettet ester.
6.
Blanding ifølge et hvilket som helst av de foregående krav, karakterisert ved at polymer B er en homopolymer av et di-n-alkylfumarat eller en kopolymer derav med vinylacetat.
7 .
Blanding ifølge krav 6, karakterisert ved at kopolymeren inneholder opp til 60 mol-% vinylacetat.
8.
Blanding ifølge et hvilket som helst av de foregående krav, karakterisert ved at additiv A omfatter en etylenvinylacetat kopolymer.
9.
Konsentrat, karakterisert ved at det inneholder 10 til 80 vekt-# av et oppløsningsmiddel og 90 til 20 vekt-# av en additivhlanding som angitt i et hvilket som helst av kravene 1 til 8.
10.
Anvendelse av additivhlanding, som angitt i et hvilket som helst av kravene 1-8, i en brenselsolje.
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GB878720606A GB8720606D0 (en) | 1987-09-02 | 1987-09-02 | Flow improvers & cloud point depressants |
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NO883892L NO883892L (no) | 1989-03-03 |
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EP1746146A1 (de) * | 2005-07-22 | 2007-01-24 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Copolymere auf Basis von Olefinen und Estern von ethylenisch ungesättigten Carbonsäuren zur Erniedrigung des CP-Werts von Brennstoffölen und Schmierstoffen |
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1988
- 1988-08-24 CA CA000575492A patent/CA1310956C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-08-31 AT AT88308057T patent/ATE99735T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-08-31 ES ES88308057T patent/ES2047554T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-08-31 EP EP88308057A patent/EP0306290B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-08-31 IN IN743DE1988 patent/IN174234B/en unknown
- 1988-08-31 DE DE88308057T patent/DE3886857T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-09-01 AU AU21724/88A patent/AU614766B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-09-01 NO NO883892A patent/NO175599C/no unknown
- 1988-09-01 US US07/239,788 patent/US5011505A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-09-01 PL PL1988274489A patent/PL160300B1/pl unknown
- 1988-09-01 DD DD88319397A patent/DD282238A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-09-01 BR BR8804496A patent/BR8804496A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-09-01 DD DD88343660A patent/DD297441A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-09-01 FI FI884027A patent/FI884027A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-09-01 KR KR1019880011282A patent/KR960014927B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-09-02 DK DK489888A patent/DK489888A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-09-02 JP JP63220258A patent/JPH0832895B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-09-02 CN CN88106364A patent/CN1025045C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH0195192A (ja) | 1989-04-13 |
EP0306290A1 (en) | 1989-03-08 |
ATE99735T1 (de) | 1994-01-15 |
KR890005249A (ko) | 1989-05-13 |
PL274489A1 (en) | 1989-05-02 |
US5011505A (en) | 1991-04-30 |
FI884027A (fi) | 1989-03-03 |
NO883892D0 (no) | 1988-09-01 |
PL160300B1 (pl) | 1993-02-26 |
CN1031712A (zh) | 1989-03-15 |
CA1310956C (en) | 1992-12-01 |
KR960014927B1 (ko) | 1996-10-21 |
DK489888A (da) | 1989-03-03 |
GB8720606D0 (en) | 1987-10-07 |
NO175599C (no) | 1994-11-02 |
FI884027A0 (fi) | 1988-09-01 |
ES2047554T3 (es) | 1994-03-01 |
EP0306290B1 (en) | 1994-01-05 |
DD282238A5 (de) | 1990-09-05 |
CN1025045C (zh) | 1994-06-15 |
NO883892L (no) | 1989-03-03 |
AU614766B2 (en) | 1991-09-12 |
JPH0832895B2 (ja) | 1996-03-29 |
IN174234B (no) | 1994-10-15 |
BR8804496A (pt) | 1989-04-04 |
AU2172488A (en) | 1989-03-02 |
DD297441A5 (de) | 1992-01-09 |
DE3886857T2 (de) | 1994-04-28 |
DK489888D0 (da) | 1988-09-02 |
DE3886857D1 (de) | 1994-02-17 |
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