NO158544C - Anvendelse av syregruppeholdige, termostabile, hydrofile kondensasjonsprodukter av aldehyder og ketoner. - Google Patents

Anvendelse av syregruppeholdige, termostabile, hydrofile kondensasjonsprodukter av aldehyder og ketoner.

Info

Publication number: NO158544C
Authority: NO; Norway
Prior art keywords: condensation products; aldehydes; agents; acid group; thermostabile
Prior art date: 1981-11-10

Application number

NO823733A

Other languages

English (en)

Norwegian (no)

Other versions

NO158544B (no

NO823733L (no

Inventor

Alois Aignesberger

Johann Plank

Original Assignee

Sueddeutsche Kalkstickstoff

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1981-11-10

Filing date

1982-11-09

Publication date

1988-09-28

1982-11-09 Application filed by Sueddeutsche Kalkstickstoff filed Critical Sueddeutsche Kalkstickstoff

1983-05-11 Publication of NO823733L publication Critical patent/NO823733L/no

1988-06-20 Publication of NO158544B publication Critical patent/NO158544B/no

1988-09-28 Publication of NO158544C publication Critical patent/NO158544C/no

Classifications

- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/42—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B24/28—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B24/30—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G6/00—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones only
- C08G6/02—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones only of aldehydes with ketones
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/14—Derivatives of phosphoric acid
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/58—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids
- C09K8/584—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids characterised by the use of specific surfactants
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S507/00—Earth boring, well treating, and oil field chemistry
- Y10S507/935—Enhanced oil recovery
- Y10S507/936—Flooding the formation
- Y10S507/937—Flooding the formation with emulsion
- Y10S507/938—Flooding the formation with emulsion with microemulsion
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S516/00—Colloid systems and wetting agents; subcombinations thereof; processes of
- Y10S516/01—Wetting, emulsifying, dispersing, or stabilizing agents
- Y10S516/03—Organic sulfoxy compound containing

Landscapes

Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Organic Chemistry (AREA)
Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Materials Engineering (AREA)
General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
Structural Engineering (AREA)
Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
Phenolic Resins Or Amino Resins (AREA)
Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)
Lubricants (AREA)
Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Cleaning Or Drying Semiconductors (AREA)
Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)

NO823733A 1981-11-10 1982-11-09 Anvendelse av syregruppeholdige, termostabile, hydrofile kondensasjonsprodukter av aldehyder og ketoner. NO158544C (no)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
DE19813144673 DE3144673A1 (de)	1981-11-10	1981-11-10	Saeuregruppen enthaltende thermostabile, hydrophile kondensationsprodukte von aldehyden und ketonen

Publications (3)

Publication Number	Publication Date
NO823733L NO823733L (no)	1983-05-11
NO158544B NO158544B (no)	1988-06-20
NO158544C true NO158544C (no)	1988-09-28

Family

ID=6146063

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
NO823733A NO158544C (no)	1981-11-10	1982-11-09	Anvendelse av syregruppeholdige, termostabile, hydrofile kondensasjonsprodukter av aldehyder og ketoner.

Country Status (26)

Country	Link
US (1)	US4657593A (ro)
EP (1)	EP0078938B1 (ro)
JP (1)	JPS5887111A (ro)
KR (1)	KR890003001B1 (ro)
AT (1)	ATE31323T1 (ro)
AU (1)	AU543955B2 (ro)
BR (1)	BR8206501A (ro)
CA (1)	CA1188032A (ro)
CS (1)	CS244913B2 (ro)
DD (2)	DD208362A5 (ro)
DE (2)	DE3144673A1 (ro)
DK (1)	DK168541B1 (ro)
DZ (1)	DZ474A1 (ro)
EG (1)	EG15854A (ro)
ES (1)	ES517264A0 (ro)
FI (1)	FI70585C (ro)
GR (1)	GR76717B (ro)
HU (1)	HU191364B (ro)
NO (1)	NO158544C (ro)
NZ (1)	NZ202287A (ro)
PL (1)	PL137954B1 (ro)
PT (1)	PT75711B (ro)
RO (1)	RO85635B (ro)
SG (1)	SG8088G (ro)
YU (1)	YU42814B (ro)
ZA (1)	ZA828041B (ro)

Families Citing this family (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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DE3344291A1 (de) *	1983-12-07	1985-06-13	Skw Trostberg Ag, 8223 Trostberg	Dispergiermittel fuer salzhaltige systeme
DE3410820A1 (de) *	1984-03-23	1985-10-03	Skw Trostberg Ag, 8223 Trostberg	Zusatzmittel fuer beton und zementmoertel mit verlaengerter wirkungsdauer
US4557763A (en) *	1984-05-30	1985-12-10	Halliburton Company	Dispersant and fluid loss additives for oil field cements
DE3429068A1 (de) *	1984-08-07	1986-02-20	Skw Trostberg Ag, 8223 Trostberg	Metallverbindungen von saeuregruppen enthaltenden kondensationsprodukten oder co-kondensationsprodukten von ketonen und aldehyden
EP0239658B1 (de) *	1986-04-02	1989-11-02	Sicotan GmbH & Co. KG	Verfahren zum Verfestigen von Betonbauwerken und zum Herstellen von Mörteln, Betonen oder hieraus bestehende Produkte und ein hierfuer ausgebildeter Zementleim
DE3825530A1 (de) *	1987-08-07	1989-02-16	Sueddeutsche Kalkstickstoff	Retentionsmittel fuer waessrige systeme
US5089056A (en) *	1989-04-21	1992-02-18	Thiele Kaolin Company	Opacifying kaolin pigments and process for making same by reacting with sodium hydroxide in water
US5203629A (en) *	1990-08-07	1993-04-20	W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn.	Method for modifying concrete properties
US5224774A (en) *	1990-08-07	1993-07-06	W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn.	Concrete additive product and method of use
US5320851A (en) *	1992-01-31	1994-06-14	W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn.	Packaging and dispensing system for fluid and semi-fluid cement admixtures
DE4217181A1 (de) *	1992-05-23	1993-11-25	Chemie Linz Deutschland	Verwendung von Kondensationsprodukten aus Melamin und Glyoxylsäure als Zusatzmittel für hydraulische Bindemittel und Baustoff
DE4227417C1 (de) *	1992-08-19	1993-12-09	Holderchem Betec Gmbh	Hydraulisch abbindendes Injektionsmaterial für ringförmige Spalträume großer Länge
US5290357A (en) *	1992-12-22	1994-03-01	Halliburton Company	Acetone/formaldehyde/cyanide resins
US5346012A (en) *	1993-02-01	1994-09-13	Halliburton Company	Fine particle size cement compositions and methods
US5358043A (en) *	1993-03-22	1994-10-25	Phillips Petroleum Company	Gelling compositions useful for oil field applications
US5355955A (en) *	1993-07-02	1994-10-18	Halliburton Company	Cement set retarding additives, compositions and methods
DE4325090C1 (de) *	1993-07-27	1994-05-26	Holderchem Betec Gmbh	Hydraulisch abbindendes Injektionsmaterial für ringförmige Spalträume großer Längen
DE4421715A1 (de)	1994-06-21	1996-01-04	Sueddeutsche Kalkstickstoff	Verwendung von Pfropfpolymeren auf Basis von Keton-Aldehyd-Kondensations- bzw. Co-Kondensationsprodukten
DE4434010C2 (de) *	1994-09-23	2001-09-27	Sueddeutsche Kalkstickstoff	Redispergierbare Polymerisatpulver, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und Verwendung
US5697458A (en) *	1996-05-02	1997-12-16	Carney; Leroy Lloyd	Drilling fluid process
US5873936A (en) *	1997-11-17	1999-02-23	Maxxon Corp.	Cement composition self-leveling floor coating formulations and their method of use
JP2015516480A (ja)	2012-03-30	2015-06-11	テクニシェユニバーシタットミュンヘン	コンクリート混和剤
EP2679613A1 (de)	2012-06-26	2014-01-01	Construction Research & Technology GmbH	Tonverträgliches Additiv für bauchemische Produkte
EP2848597A1 (en)	2013-09-17	2015-03-18	Basf Se	Light-weight gypsum board with improved strength and method for making same
US9359254B2 (en)	2013-11-12	2016-06-07	Baker Hughes Incorporated	Wellbore cement compositions and wellbore cementing methods
DE102014203231A1 (de) *	2014-02-24	2015-08-27	Evonik Degussa Gmbh	Dispergierharze für Pigmentpräparationen mit geringem flüchtigem organischem Anteil
EP3196219B1 (en) *	2014-08-29	2019-04-10	Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.	Furan resin, method for producing same, thermosetting furan resin composition, cured product, and furan resin composite
JP6429181B2 (ja) *	2014-09-11	2018-11-28	花王株式会社	縮合物の製造方法
JP7118963B2 (ja)	2016-11-21	2022-08-16	ビーエーエスエフソシエタス・ヨーロピア	無機バインダー用組成物
CA3117346A1 (en)	2018-10-31	2020-05-07	Basf Se	Enhanced dewatering of mining tailings employing chemical pre-treatment

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US841999A (en) *	1906-03-20	1907-01-22	Hoechst Ag	Process of making formaldehyde sulfoxylates.
US2174127A (en) *	1937-12-13	1939-09-26	Du Pont	Sulphated acyloins and process of producing them
US2432850A (en) *	1941-05-02	1947-12-16	Chem Ind Basel	Water-soluble condensation products and process of making same
US2641591A (en) *	1949-05-12	1953-06-09	Dan River Mills Inc	Method of manufacturing acetoneformaldehyde condensation products
CH303271A (de) *	1949-10-14	1954-11-30	Forestal Land Timber & Railway	Verfahren zur Herstellung harzartiger, wasserlöslicher Kondensationsprodukte aus Formaldehyd und Aceton.
US2857433A (en) *	1956-06-20	1958-10-21	Olin Mathieson	Aromatic ketones and process of their production
US3149152A (en) *	1961-01-03	1964-09-15	Ethicon Inc	Mono-alkali metal bisulfites of dialdehydes
DE1720729A1 (de) *	1967-10-17	1971-07-08	Bayer Ag	Kondensationsprodukte
FR1568994A (ro) *	1968-03-19	1969-05-30
US3956140A (en) *	1970-08-03	1976-05-11	Dresser Industries, Inc.	Drilling fluids
JPS5610327B2 (ro) *	1973-06-04	1981-03-07
DE2542090C2 (de) *	1975-09-20	1983-08-25	Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen	Kondensationsprodukte aus Cycloalkanonen, Formaldehyd und Alkalibisulfit
FR2415084A1 (fr) *	1978-01-20	1979-08-17	Protex Manuf Prod Chimiq	Compositions additives pour melanges a base de ciments hydrauliques
DE2831613C2 (de) *	1978-07-19	1982-03-18	Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen	Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polykondensationsprodukten

1981
- 1981-11-10 DE DE19813144673 patent/DE3144673A1/de not_active Ceased
1982
- 1982-10-07 DZ DZ826704A patent/DZ474A1/fr active
- 1982-10-14 GR GR69543A patent/GR76717B/el unknown
- 1982-10-15 AT AT82109565T patent/ATE31323T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-10-15 DE DE8282109565T patent/DE3277820D1/de not_active Expired
- 1982-10-15 EP EP82109565A patent/EP0078938B1/de not_active Expired
- 1982-10-21 PT PT75711A patent/PT75711B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-10-26 NZ NZ202287A patent/NZ202287A/en unknown
- 1982-10-27 CS CS827650A patent/CS244913B2/cs unknown
- 1982-10-28 CA CA000414356A patent/CA1188032A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-11-01 EG EG650/82A patent/EG15854A/xx active
- 1982-11-03 ZA ZA828041A patent/ZA828041B/xx unknown
- 1982-11-08 YU YU2500/82A patent/YU42814B/xx unknown
- 1982-11-08 RO RO108993A patent/RO85635B/ro unknown
- 1982-11-09 DD DD82244692A patent/DD208362A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-11-09 AU AU90271/82A patent/AU543955B2/en not_active Expired
- 1982-11-09 PL PL1982238945A patent/PL137954B1/pl unknown
- 1982-11-09 BR BR8206501A patent/BR8206501A/pt unknown
- 1982-11-09 KR KR8205062A patent/KR890003001B1/ko active
- 1982-11-09 DD DD82255303A patent/DD211354A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-11-09 FI FI823840A patent/FI70585C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-11-09 NO NO823733A patent/NO158544C/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-11-09 DK DK499182A patent/DK168541B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-11-09 HU HU823599A patent/HU191364B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-11-10 ES ES517264A patent/ES517264A0/es active Granted
- 1982-11-10 JP JP57196163A patent/JPS5887111A/ja active Granted
1985
- 1985-07-15 US US06/755,224 patent/US4657593A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
1988
- 1988-02-02 SG SG80/88A patent/SG8088G/en unknown

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
DE3144673A1 (de)	1983-05-26
DD211354A5 (de)	1984-07-11
CS765082A2 (en)	1985-09-17
DZ474A1 (fr)	2004-09-13
DK168541B1 (da)	1994-04-18
JPH0453884B2 (ro)	1992-08-27
ATE31323T1 (de)	1987-12-15
DK499182A (da)	1983-05-11
US4657593A (en)	1987-04-14
NO158544B (no)	1988-06-20
FI823840L (fi)	1983-05-11
ES8307850A1 (es)	1983-08-01
RO85635A (ro)	1984-10-31
KR840002419A (ko)	1984-07-02
EP0078938A1 (de)	1983-05-18
PL137954B1 (en)	1986-08-30
FI70585C (fi)	1986-09-24
ES517264A0 (es)	1983-08-01
RO85635B (ro)	1984-11-30
FI70585B (fi)	1986-06-06
HU191364B (en)	1987-02-27
FI823840A0 (fi)	1982-11-09
DD208362A5 (de)	1984-05-02
GR76717B (ro)	1984-08-29
KR890003001B1 (ko)	1989-08-18
EG15854A (en)	1987-05-30
NZ202287A (en)	1986-07-11
BR8206501A (pt)	1983-09-27
CA1188032A (en)	1985-05-28
PL238945A1 (en)	1983-08-01
NO823733L (no)	1983-05-11
AU9027182A (en)	1983-05-19
ZA828041B (en)	1983-08-31
PT75711B (de)	1985-11-12
AU543955B2 (en)	1985-05-09
JPS5887111A (ja)	1983-05-24
SG8088G (en)	1988-09-30
PT75711A (de)	1982-11-01
YU250082A (en)	1985-10-31
YU42814B (en)	1988-12-31
DE3277820D1 (en)	1988-01-21
CS244913B2 (en)	1986-08-14
EP0078938B1 (de)	1987-12-09

Publication	Publication Date	Title
NO158544C (no)	1988-09-28	Anvendelse av syregruppeholdige, termostabile, hydrofile kondensasjonsprodukter av aldehyder og ketoner.
ATE124949T1 (de)	1995-07-15	Verfahren zur isolierung von nukleinsäuren.
DE69003520D1 (de)	1993-10-28	Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer Dichtung um eine Glasscheibe, z.B. am Rand von einer Frontscheibe, und derartige Frontscheibe.
FI864974A0 (fi)	1986-12-05	Vaetskeformiga sanitetsrengoerings- och avkalkningsmedel samt foerfarande foer deras framstaellning.
ATE40478T1 (de)	1989-02-15	Verfahren und mittel zur raschen und vollstaendigen beseitigung einer truebung in einer biologischen fluessigkeit.
NL185082C (nl)	1990-01-16	Werkwijze ter bereiding van waterige dispersies van polyurethanen, werkwijze ter vervaardiging van verknoopte vlakke gevormde voortbrengsels onder toepassing daarvan, alsmede verkregen voortbrengsel.
FI853018L (fi)	1986-02-08	Metallfoereningar av syragrupper innehaollande kondensationsprodukter eller keton- och aldehydkopparkondensationsprodukter.
DK109543C (da)	1968-05-06	Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af et middel til brug ved fremstilling af surmælk eller lignende mælkeprodukter.
NL7508935A (nl)	1976-01-28	Werkwijze ter bereiding van gemodificeerde hydro- fiele in het bijzonder in water dispergeerbare of in water oplosbare, acrylpolymeren.
DK46114C (da)	1932-08-29	Dampkedelanlæg, navnlig til Automobiler og lignende.
SU10099A1 (ru)	1929-06-29	Способ получени растворимых в воде продуктов конденсации
CH123253A (de)	1927-11-01	Vorrichtung für den Randabschluss von Stoffdächern und Stoffwänden, insbesondere bei Fahrzeugen.
DK32239C (da)	1923-09-10	Fremgangsmaade til Fremstilling af tætte, stæerke og syrefaste Genstande af Diatomejord eller lignende.
ES103055A1 (es)	1927-07-16	Perfeccionamientos introducidos en la ornamentación de tejidos, cueros y sus similares.
ES101784A3 (es)	1927-04-01	Mejoras en la ornamentación de superficies.
ES81591A1 (es)	1922-09-16	Procedimiento e instalación para la obtención de combinaciones cianogenadas o para efectuar procesos químicos, físicamente análogos.
DK40944C (da)	1929-10-14	Anordning til Ophængning og Affjedring af Kørehjulene paa Automobiler, Vogne eller andre Køretøjer.
ES89614A1 (es)	1924-08-16	Mejoras en la fabricación o montado de libros, especialmente rayados.
ATE63479T1 (de)	1991-06-15	Verfahren und vorrichtung zum behandeln von fluessigkeiten, insbesondere entsalzen waessriger loesungen.

Legal Events

Date	Code	Title	Description
2002-12-30	MK1K	Patent expired	Free format text: EXPIRED IN NOVEMBER 2002