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NO149636B - BINDING MATERIAL FOR ANIMATED MATERIALS AND USE OF THE BINDING AGENT - Google Patents

BINDING MATERIAL FOR ANIMATED MATERIALS AND USE OF THE BINDING AGENT Download PDF

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Publication number
NO149636B
NO149636B NO813164A NO813164A NO149636B NO 149636 B NO149636 B NO 149636B NO 813164 A NO813164 A NO 813164A NO 813164 A NO813164 A NO 813164A NO 149636 B NO149636 B NO 149636B
Authority
NO
Norway
Prior art keywords
evaporator
ice
freezing
plate
phase
Prior art date
Application number
NO813164A
Other languages
Norwegian (no)
Other versions
NO149636C (en
NO813164L (en
Inventor
Ivar Stig Soerensen
Original Assignee
Ardal Og Sunndal Verk
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ardal Og Sunndal Verk filed Critical Ardal Og Sunndal Verk
Priority to NO813164A priority Critical patent/NO149636C/en
Priority to DE8282108542T priority patent/DE3260608D1/en
Priority to EP82108542A priority patent/EP0075279B1/en
Priority to CA000411546A priority patent/CA1189214A/en
Publication of NO813164L publication Critical patent/NO813164L/en
Publication of NO149636B publication Critical patent/NO149636B/en
Publication of NO149636C publication Critical patent/NO149636C/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/632—Organic additives
    • C04B35/634—Polymers
    • C04B35/63448—Polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B35/63488—Polyethers, e.g. alkylphenol polyglycolether, polyethylene glycol [PEG], polyethylene oxide [PEO]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/013—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics containing carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
    • C04B35/528—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from carbonaceous particles with or without other non-organic components
    • C04B35/532—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from carbonaceous particles with or without other non-organic components containing a carbonisable binder
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/632—Organic additives
    • C04B35/634—Polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/632—Organic additives
    • C04B35/634—Polymers
    • C04B35/63496—Bituminous materials, e.g. tar, pitch
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L71/08—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives
    • C08L71/14—Furfuryl alcohol polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Package Frames And Binding Bands (AREA)
  • Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)

Description

fordeler 3 som er anbragt ved dens øvre ende, og som ved hjelp av en pumpe 4 ma- distributor 3 which is placed at its upper end, and which by means of a pump 4 ma-

tes fra et samlekar 5, som er anbragt un- from a collection vessel 5, which is placed under

der underkanten av platen og samler opp vann fra denne, foruten at det har et tilløp 6 som styres med en flottør 7 i karet for å where the lower edge of the plate and collects water from it, besides that it has an inlet 6 which is controlled with a float 7 in the tub in order to

avpasse tilførselen efter nettoavgangen. adjust the supply according to the net outflow.

Sirkulasjoner av kjølemediet skjer ved Circulations of the refrigerant occur at

hjelp av en kompressor 8 som suger til seg kjølemediet i gassform fra fryseenhetens avgangsledning 9 via en omkoblingsventil 10 og en ledning 11 og avgir det i kom- with the help of a compressor 8 which sucks in the refrigerant in gaseous form from the freezer unit's discharge line 9 via a switching valve 10 and a line 11 and releases it into the

primert form gjennem en ledning 12, ven- primed form through a wire 12, ven-

tilen 10 og en ledning 13 til en luftkjølet kondensator 14 hvor det kondenseres for via en tilbakeslagsventil 15 å avgis til en væskebeholder 16. Fra denne går kjøleme- the tile 10 and a line 13 to an air-cooled condenser 14 where it is condensed to be released via a non-return valve 15 to a liquid container 16. From this the refrigerant

diet videre via en ledning 17 og en varme- diet further via a line 17 and a heating

veksler 18, som inngår i fryse-enhetén, og hvor det nedkjøles videre. Herfra går kjøle- exchanger 18, which is included in the freezing unit, and where it is further cooled. From here, the cooling

mediet via en ledning 19 til en termisk styrt ekspansjonsventil 20 hvor det ekspanderer for som væske med lav temperatur å inn- the medium via a line 19 to a thermally controlled expansion valve 20 where it expands as a liquid with a low temperature to enter

føres i kjølesløyfene 2, som det gjennem - is carried in the cooling loops 2, through which -

strømmer stort sett i medstrøm til vannet på fordamperen mens det mottar varme fra dette, for så sluttelig å oppta ytterligere varme fra den innkommende kjøle væske i varmeveksleren 18, som det igjen forlater gjennem ledningen 9. largely flows co-currently with the water on the evaporator while it receives heat from this, and then finally absorbs additional heat from the incoming cooling liquid in the heat exchanger 18, which it in turn leaves through the line 9.

Ved kjøle virkningen av kjølevæsken på When cooling the effect of the coolant on

platen 1 fryses en del av vannet på denne til is, mens resten løper ned i karet 5 for resirkulasjon. Herved fordamper væsken etterhvert som den nærmer seg platens nedre ende. Imidlertid sørges det for at der ennu er væske igjen ved utgangen fra fordamperen så den ønskede frysevirkning oppnås over hele fordamperplaten. Den siste rest av væske fordampes ved varme- plate 1, part of the water on this is frozen into ice, while the rest runs down into the vessel 5 for recirculation. In this way, the liquid evaporates as it approaches the lower end of the plate. However, it is ensured that there is still liquid left at the exit from the evaporator so that the desired freezing effect is achieved over the entire evaporator plate. The last remaining liquid is evaporated by heating

opptagelsen i varmeveksleren 18, så man får nyttiggjort den fulle kjølevirkning av fordampningen. Temperaturen av det gass- the intake in the heat exchanger 18, so that the full cooling effect of the evaporation is utilized. The temperature of the gas

formede kjølemiddel på utgangssiden av varmeveksleren 18 benyttes til styring av ekspansjonsventilen 20, som sørger for rik- shaped coolant on the output side of the heat exchanger 18 is used to control the expansion valve 20, which ensures rich

tig fyllingsgrad for alle belastninger på fordamperplaten. Samtidig viser det seg at man ved denne anordning i forbindelse med medstrømkjølingen kan oppnå prak- tig degree of filling for all loads on the evaporator plate. At the same time, it turns out that with this device, in connection with co-flow cooling, practical

tisk talt jevn tykkelse av isbelegget på fordamperplaten. roughly uniform thickness of the ice coating on the evaporator plate.

Etterhvert som tykkelsen av isen på fordamperplaten øker, avtar dennes varme- As the thickness of the ice on the evaporator plate increases, its heat

opptagelse fra vannet så platetemperaturen synker. Ved en passende temperaturgrense svarende til ønsket istykkelse reagerer en termostat 21 som er tilknyttet en tempera- uptake from the water so the plate temperature drops. At a suitable temperature limit corresponding to the desired ice thickness, a thermostat 21 reacts which is connected to a temperature

turføler på fordamperplatens underside, og som stanser pumpen 4 og utkobler en man-øvreringsmagnet 22 for ventilen 10, hvor- flow sensor on the underside of the evaporator plate, and which stops the pump 4 and disengages a man-over ring magnet 22 for the valve 10, where-

ved inntaket 11 til kompressoren 8 kobles om fra ledning 9 til ledning 13 og utgan- at the intake 11 of the compressor 8 is switched from line 9 to line 13 and output

gen 12 kobles om fra ledning 13 til ledning 9. Derved vendes sirkulasjonsretningen for gene 12 is switched from wire 13 to wire 9. This reverses the direction of circulation for

kjølemediet, som nu fra ledning 9 via var- the refrigerant, which now from line 9 via var-

meveksler 18 presses oppover gjennem fordamperplaten 1, videre gjennem en tilbake- co-exchanger 18 is pushed upwards through the evaporator plate 1, further through a return

slagsventil 23 som shunter ekspansjons- impact valve 23 which shunts the expansion

ventilen 20, via varmeveksleren 18 og en ekspansjonsanordning 24 som shunter væs- the valve 20, via the heat exchanger 18 and an expansion device 24 which shunts

kebeholderen 16 med ventil 15, til konden- the condensing container 16 with valve 15, for condensa-

satoren 14 og sluttelig gjennem ledning 13 satoren 14 and finally through line 13

og ventil 10 til kompressorinntaket 11. Ekspansjonsanordningen 24, som i denne and valve 10 to the compressor inlet 11. The expansion device 24, as in this

arbeidsfase bestemmer matningen av kon- work phase determines the feeding of con-

densatoren 14 med kjølemedium, kan være en termisk styrt ventil som står under virkningen av temperaturen bak kondensa- the condenser 14 with refrigerant can be a thermally controlled valve which is under the influence of the temperature behind the condenser

toren, f.eks. en temperaturstyrt ekspan- the tower, e.g. a temperature-controlled expansion

sjonsventil av samme utførelse som venti- ventilation valve of the same design as the ventilation

len 20, eller den kan være et kapillarrør. len 20, or it can be a capillary tube.

Som følge av denne omkobling vil nu As a result of this switch will now

fordamperen 1 og kondensatoren 14 bytte funksjon, idet kondensatoren 14 vil virke som fordamper og oppta varme fra den gjennemstrømmende luft, mens fordam- the evaporator 1 and the condenser 14 switch functions, since the condenser 14 will act as an evaporator and absorb heat from the air flowing through, while

peren 1 vil virke som kondensator og bli oppvarmet så den avgir varme til isen. Isen vil dermed smelte løs fra platen efter å ha nådd en tykkelse som ved tilmåling av fryseenergien pr. enhet fordamper-areal i frysefasen er avpasset for det foreliggende formål. Det avtinede isbelegg glir så ned langs fordamperplaten i form av en isplate av ønsket tykkelse og passerer herunder over vannkaret 5, som er plasert så lavt at det ikke kommer i veien. Takket være held- . bulb 1 will act as a condenser and be heated so that it emits heat to the ice. The ice will thus melt away from the plate after reaching a thickness which, when measuring the freezing energy per unit evaporator area in the freezing phase is adapted for the present purpose. The thawed ice coating then slides down along the evaporator plate in the form of an ice plate of the desired thickness and passes below it over the water tank 5, which is placed so low that it does not get in the way. Thanks to luck- .

ningen av fordamperplaten får isen herved en betydelig fart og blir splintret idet den treffer en passende plasert, ikke vist oppfangningsflate, og tar form av små flak som uten videre egner seg til bruk ved opp- the ice from the evaporator plate thereby acquires a considerable speed and is shattered as it hits a suitably placed, not shown, collection surface, and takes the form of small flakes which are readily suitable for use in collecting

bevaring av fisk m. v. Oppfangningsflaten kan rett og slett utgjøres av en vegg av en fast eller skiftbar binge eller lignende som flakene faller ned i, eller eventuelt en prellflate fast anbragt over bingen. preservation of fish, etc. The collection surface can simply be made up of a wall of a fixed or replaceable bin or similar into which the flakes fall, or possibly a bouncing surface permanently placed above the bin.

Som følge av temperaturstigningen i As a result of the temperature rise in

fordamperen 1 går termostaten 21 ved en passende temperaturgrense tilbake til sin utgangstilstand og innkobler derved igjen pumpen 4 og magneten 22, så den opprin- evaporator 1, the thermostat 21 returns to its initial state at a suitable temperature limit and thereby switches on the pump 4 and the magnet 22 again, so that it

nelige sirkulasjonstilstand gjenopprettes og neste frysefase begynner. normal circulation conditions are restored and the next freezing phase begins.

Hensiktsmessig benyttes en termostat A thermostat is used appropriately

21 og en ekspansjonsanordning 20 av inn- 21 and an expansion device 20 of in-

stillbar utførelse, så man kan avpasse vir- adjustable design, so you can adjust the

kemåten efter behovet for regulering av arbeidsperiodens varighet og dermed av is- the method according to the need for regulation of the duration of the working period and thus of

tykkelsen. For alle disse enheter kan man benytte apparater som forekommer i han- the thickness. For all these units, you can use devices found in man-

delen, og hva spesielt termostaten angår, part, and as regards the thermostat in particular,

kan denne på grunn av den enkle virke-måte som der er tale om i det beskrevne can this because of the simple way of working which is discussed in the described

tilfelle, være av enpolet utførelse. case, be of unipolar design.

Også forøvrig vil man for de forskjel-lige komponenter i apparatturen i regelen Also for the rest, you want for the various components in the apparatus trip as a rule

kunne benytte standardkonstruksjoner could use standard constructions

undtagen når det gjelder selve fordamperplaten med tilbehør for vannsirkula-sjonen. except in the case of the evaporator plate itself with accessories for the water circulation.

Claims (1)

Apparat til fremstilling av is ved frys-ning under varmeavgivelse til et sirkulerende kjølefludium i en fordamper som medApparatus for the production of ice by freezing while giving off heat to a circulating cooling fluid in an evaporator which with tidsmellemrum arbeider som kondensator for avtining, og som har form av en heldende plate med kjølesløyfer forløpende på undersiden av et bæreplan som vannet ren- ner ned langs fordelt over bredden av platen, og som isen fryser fast på under frysefasen og glir ned langs ved avtining, karakterisert ved at fordamperen er anordnet med en slik heldning og arbeider med så liten fryse-energi pr. enhet fordamper-areal og frysefase samt er slik plasert i forhold til en oppfangningsflate at det produkt som avgis fra den i hver avtiningsfase, treffer oppfangningsflaten i form av en tynn isplate med tilstrekkelig fart til å splintres til småflak egnet til bruk ved oppbevaring av fisk og lignende.time interval works as a condenser for defrosting, and which has the form of an inclined plate with cooling loops running on the underside of a support plane which the water cleans down lengthwise distributed over the width of the plate, and on which the ice freezes firmly during the freezing phase and slides down lengthwise during thawing, characterized by the fact that the evaporator is arranged with such a slope and works with so little freezing energy per unit evaporator area and freezing phase and is positioned in such a way in relation to a collection surface that the product released from it in each defrosting phase hits the collection surface in the form of a thin sheet of ice with sufficient speed to shatter into small flakes suitable for use when storing fish and the like.
NO813164A 1981-09-17 1981-09-17 BINDING MATERIAL FOR ANIMATED MATERIALS AND USE OF THE BINDING AGENT NO149636C (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO813164A NO149636C (en) 1981-09-17 1981-09-17 BINDING MATERIAL FOR ANIMATED MATERIALS AND USE OF THE BINDING AGENT
DE8282108542T DE3260608D1 (en) 1981-09-17 1982-09-16 Binder for refractory materials and application thereof
EP82108542A EP0075279B1 (en) 1981-09-17 1982-09-16 Binder for refractory materials and application thereof
CA000411546A CA1189214A (en) 1981-09-17 1982-09-16 Bonding agent for refractory materials and the application of such agent

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO813164A NO149636C (en) 1981-09-17 1981-09-17 BINDING MATERIAL FOR ANIMATED MATERIALS AND USE OF THE BINDING AGENT

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
NO813164L NO813164L (en) 1983-03-18
NO149636B true NO149636B (en) 1984-02-13
NO149636C NO149636C (en) 1984-05-23

Family

ID=19886225

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
NO813164A NO149636C (en) 1981-09-17 1981-09-17 BINDING MATERIAL FOR ANIMATED MATERIALS AND USE OF THE BINDING AGENT

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0075279B1 (en)
CA (1) CA1189214A (en)
DE (1) DE3260608D1 (en)
NO (1) NO149636C (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0158895A3 (en) * 1984-04-14 1987-09-30 Hüls Troisdorf Aktiengesellschaft Method of making refractory bricks or other shaped products
GB8705736D0 (en) * 1987-03-11 1987-04-15 Jet Refractories Ltd Refractory composition
US5120478A (en) * 1988-09-06 1992-06-09 Alcan International Limited Cement for collector bar-carbon block joints of electrolytic cells

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB901847A (en) * 1957-11-28 1962-07-25 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Carbon articles
US3932244A (en) * 1973-12-19 1976-01-13 Alcan Research And Development Limited Production of carbon lining for reduction cells
US4032653A (en) * 1974-03-11 1977-06-28 Aluminum Company Of America Mix suitable for use in seams between carbon blocks

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO149636C (en) 1984-05-23
EP0075279B1 (en) 1984-08-22
EP0075279A1 (en) 1983-03-30
DE3260608D1 (en) 1984-09-27
CA1189214A (en) 1985-06-18
NO813164L (en) 1983-03-18

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