NO141918B - MOUNTAIN FOR MOUNTAIN CLIMB SHOES. - Google Patents
MOUNTAIN FOR MOUNTAIN CLIMB SHOES. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO141918B NO141918B NO760280A NO760280A NO141918B NO 141918 B NO141918 B NO 141918B NO 760280 A NO760280 A NO 760280A NO 760280 A NO760280 A NO 760280A NO 141918 B NO141918 B NO 141918B
- Authority
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- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- ethylene oxide
- solution
- indicator
- chloride
- bromide
- Prior art date
Links
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002696 acid base indicator Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- FDZZZRQASAIRJF-UHFFFAOYSA-M malachite green Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)=C1C=CC(=[N+](C)C)C=C1 FDZZZRQASAIRJF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940107698 malachite green Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004133 Sodium thiosulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- LDKDGDIWEUUXSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thymophthalein Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C(C)C)=CC(C2(C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)O2)C=2C(=CC(O)=C(C(C)C)C=2)C)=C1C LDKDGDIWEUUXSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- LNWVMCCTKGDQLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromomethane 2-methylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound C(C(=C)C)(=O)O.CBr LNWVMCCTKGDQLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- OTCKOJUMXQWKQG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].[Br-] OTCKOJUMXQWKQG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001623 magnesium bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium thiocyanate Chemical compound [K+].[S-]C#N ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011150 stannous chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZPLCXHWYPWVJDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1NC(=O)OC1 ZPLCXHWYPWVJDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OLQIKGSZDTXODA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[3-(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-1,1-dioxo-2,1$l^{6}-benzoxathiol-3-yl]-3-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C(=CC(O)=CC=2)C)C2=CC=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)O1 OLQIKGSZDTXODA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- AXZWODMDQAVCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(II) chloride (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Sn+2] AXZWODMDQAVCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229940102396 methyl bromide Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl bromide Substances BrC GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 10
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 7
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 5
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,10,13-trimethyl-3-oxo-4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl) heptanoate Chemical compound C1CC2CC(=O)C=C(C)C2(C)C2C1C1CCC(OC(=O)CCCCCC)C1(C)CC2 TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940002712 malachite green oxalate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenolphthalein Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)O1 KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001119 stannous chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006196 drop Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003889 eye drop Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940012356 eye drops Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000518 lethal Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001665 lethal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 nitrocellulose compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
- A43B7/14—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts
- A43B7/1405—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form
- A43B7/141—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with foot-supporting parts with pads or holes on one or more locations, or having an anatomical or curved form having an anatomical or curved form
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
- A43B13/14—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
- A43B13/141—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form with a part of the sole being flexible, e.g. permitting articulation or torsion
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
- A43B13/38—Built-in insoles joined to uppers during the manufacturing process, e.g. structural insoles; Insoles glued to shoes during the manufacturing process
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B5/00—Footwear for sporting purposes
- A43B5/002—Mountain boots or shoes
- A43B5/003—Mountain boots or shoes for free climbing
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av indikatormateriale for påvisning av etylenoksyd. Method for the production of indicator material for the detection of ethylene oxide.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører en fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av indikatormateriale for påvisning av etylenoksyd. Med et slikt indikatormateriale kan f. eks. en gassterilisasjon overvåkes eller fritt etylenoksyd i vandige medier kan påvises. The present invention relates to a method for producing indicator material for the detection of ethylene oxide. With such an indicator material, e.g. a gas sterilization is monitored or free ethylene oxide in aqueous media can be detected.
Da mange materialer og instrumenter som brukes i hospitaler må holdes sterile, men ikke kan tåle varmen og/eller fuktig-heten som en vanlig dampsterilisering medfører, er det en voksende tendens å bruke etylenoksydgass som et spore- og vi-rusdrepende middel. Etylenoksyd passerer lett gjennom papir, esker og til med plast-poser, som inneholder gummi eller plast-kathetere, glassinstrumenter, brennein-strumenter, finere skjær er edskaper og lignende. Når det blir brukt riktig, er det bare dødelig for alle kjente mikroorganismer ved vanlig temperatur, men det er også ikke-korroderende, fjernes lett ved lufting og er lett å håndtere og lagre, og er lite gif-tig for mennesker. Til tross for de mange fordeler med etylenoksyd har det før den foreliggende oppfinnelse ikke vært noen tilfredsstillende metode for å påvise hvor vidt en pakke har vært behandlet med etylenoksyd i en steriliseringsprosess. Den eneste tidligere kjente teknikk var at man hadde «spore strips» i hver pakke som skul-le steriliseres, og derved prøvet dødelighets-effekten, en teknikk som er både langsom og ikke særlig praktisk. As many materials and instruments used in hospitals must be kept sterile, but cannot withstand the heat and/or humidity that normal steam sterilization entails, there is a growing tendency to use ethylene oxide gas as a spore- and virus-killing agent. Ethylene oxide easily passes through paper, boxes and even plastic bags, which contain rubber or plastic catheters, glass instruments, firewood instruments, finer shards and utensils and the like. When used properly, it is not only lethal to all known micro-organisms at ordinary temperatures, but it is also non-corrosive, easily removed by aeration and easy to handle and store, and is of low toxicity to humans. Despite the many advantages of ethylene oxide, prior to the present invention there was no satisfactory method for demonstrating the extent to which a package has been treated with ethylene oxide in a sterilization process. The only previously known technique was to have "spore strips" in each package to be sterilised, thereby testing the mortality effect, a technique which is both slow and not very practical.
I henhold til oppfinnelsen tilveiebrin-ges en fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av indikatormateriale for påvisning av etylenoksyd i en bestemt omgivelse, og det karak-teristiske er at et bæremateriale i ark- resp. strimmelform impregneres med eller påfø-res en påvisningsoppløsning resp. -suspensjon som inneholder en blanding av et med etylenoksyd reaktivt, vannoppløselig salt, hvis vandige oppløsning reagerer med etylenoksyd med en økning i hydroksy-lionekonsentrasjoneri, og en syre-baseindi-kator som endrer sin farve ved en pH-verdi som ligger over pH-verdien for den mettede, vandige oppløsning av det vannoppløse-lige salt, og at man som salt anvender kaliumjodid, polydietylaminoetylmetakrylat-metylbromid, tinn(II)klorid, litiumbromid, kaliumrodanid, natriumacetat, natriumtiosulfat, magnesiumbromid, åluminium-klorid eller dinatriummonohydrogenfosfat. According to the invention, a method is provided for the production of indicator material for the detection of ethylene oxide in a specific environment, and the characteristic feature is that a carrier material in sheets or strip form is impregnated with or applied a detection solution or suspension containing a mixture of an ethylene oxide-reactive, water-soluble salt, the aqueous solution of which reacts with ethylene oxide with an increase in hydroxyl ion concentrations, and an acid-base indicator that changes its color at a pH value above the pH- value for the saturated, aqueous solution of the water-soluble salt, and that potassium iodide, polydiethylaminoethyl methacrylate methyl bromide, stannous chloride, lithium bromide, potassium rhodanide, sodium acetate, sodium thiosulphate, magnesium bromide, aluminum chloride or disodium monohydrogen phosphate are used as salt.
Som indikatorer kombineres fortrinnsvis malakittgrønt med kaliumjodid, tymolftalein med. polydietylaminoetylmet-akrylatmetylbromid, metakresolpurpur med tinn(II)klorid, litiumbromid, kaliumrodanid, natriumacetat, natriumtiosulfat eller magnesiumbromid, bromtymolblå med aluminiumklorid, og alizarongul med dinatriumhydrogenfosfat. As indicators, malachite green is preferably combined with potassium iodide, thymolphthalein with. polydiethylaminoethyl methacrylate methyl bromide, metacresol purple with stannous chloride, lithium bromide, potassium rhodanide, sodium acetate, sodium thiosulphate or magnesium bromide, bromothymol blue with aluminum chloride, and alizaron yellow with disodium hydrogen phosphate.
Siden alle reaksjoner som resulterer i en farveforandring vanligvis må finne sted ved hjelp av bare atmosfærisk fuktighet, er det meget ønskelig å bruke indikatorer som er i det minste «litt oppløselig» Since all reactions resulting in a color change must usually take place with the aid of only atmospheric moisture, it is highly desirable to use indicators that are at least "slightly soluble"
(«sparingly soluble») i vann, dvs. oppløse-lig i 30—100 deler vann (se diskusjonen om «solubility» i Hackh' s Chemical Dictio-nary). Når syre-baseindikatoren før farve-forandringen er «uoppløselig» (dvs. krever mer enn 10 000 deler vann for å få oppløst 1 del indikator), er det vanskelig å være sikker på at man har til stede tilstrekkelig fuktighet slik at farveforandringen kan finne sted under det store antall gass-steriliséringsmetoder som i alminnelighet er under bruk. Selv om slike indikatorer virkelig skifter farve, har de en tendens til å «falme» tilbake til sin opprinnelige farve, og utskillelsen av den uoppløselige form har en tendens til å forskyve den vanlige likevekt mot syresiden. Karbondioksydet som vanligvis er til stede i store mengder under sterilisering og alltid til stede i at-mosfæren, forstyrrer dette fenomen. Eksempler på uløselige indikatorer som angitt i 1959 Merck Index, er fenolftalein og tymolftalein, og hvis slike indikatorer blir anvendt, er det riktig at man sikrer seg å ha tilstrekkelig fuktighet ved hjelp av et fuktemiddel, et hygroskopisk salt (som og-så kan v.ære det etylenoksyd-reaktive salt) eller lignende. I noen tilfeller er det imidlertid mulig å bruke også slike «uløselige» syre-baseindikatorer i komposisjoner som etter behandling med etylenoksyd skifter farve u.ten noen synlig effekt ved behandling med destillert vann eller damp, som midlertidig sørger for nok vann til å opp-løse indikatoren og sørge for et ioniserende medium. ("sparingly soluble") in water, i.e. soluble in 30-100 parts water (see the discussion of "solubility" in Hackh's Chemical Dictionary). When the acid-base indicator before the color change is "insoluble" (ie requires more than 10,000 parts of water to dissolve 1 part of indicator), it is difficult to be sure that sufficient moisture is present so that the color change can find place among the large number of gas sterilization methods in general use. Although such indicators do change color, they tend to "fade" back to their original color, and the excretion of the insoluble form tends to shift the normal equilibrium toward the acid side. Carbon dioxide, which is usually present in large quantities during sterilization and always present in the atmosphere, interferes with this phenomenon. Examples of insoluble indicators as stated in the 1959 Merck Index are phenolphthalein and thymolphthalein, and if such indicators are used, it is correct that one ensures sufficient moisture by means of a wetting agent, a hygroscopic salt (which can also .respect the ethylene oxide-reactive salt) or the like. In some cases, however, it is possible to also use such "insoluble" acid-base indicators in compositions which, after treatment with ethylene oxide, change color without any visible effect when treated with distilled water or steam, which temporarily provide enough water to dissolve the indicator and provide an ionizing medium.
Til påvisningsoppløsningen -kan even-tuelt settes et fuktemiddel og/eller et bindemiddel. A wetting agent and/or a binder can optionally be added to the detection solution.
Imidlertid 'brukes den etylenoksyd-in-dikerende blanding på et slikt materiale som papir eller filmer av polymerer og er fortrinnsvis påført baksiden av limbånd, hvis klebrighet er trykksensitiv og som og-så kan brukes til å forsegle pakken, som inneholder hospitalutstyret som skal steriliseres. Det nye båndprodukt gjør det så-ledes mulig at man øyeblikkelig kan se hvor vidt en spesiell pakke er blitt gass-sterilisert. However, the ethylene oxide-indicating compound is applied to a material such as paper or films of polymers and is preferably applied to the back of adhesive tape, the tackiness of which is pressure sensitive and which can also be used to seal the package, which contains the hospital equipment to be sterilized . The new tape product thus makes it possible to immediately see how far a particular package has been gas-sterilised.
Den nøyaktige fremgangsmåte som anvendes ved bruk av gass-sterilisering, va-rierer stort. En metode nyttiggjør f. eks. en prosess som går ut på å plasere gjenstan-dene som skal steriliseres, i et trykkammer, dette evakueres delvis og det innføres en gassblanding av 20 pst. etylenoksyd og 80 pst. karbondioksyd i kammeret under trykk og temperaturen holdes på omkring 55° C i flere timer. En annen metode gjør bruk av en prosess, hvor materialene som skal steriliseres, plasseres i en retorte, den for-varmes fra 20 til 40° C i minst 45 minutter, retorten evakueres, rent etylenoksyd inn-føres og materialet behandles med gassen i y2 til 4 timer. Det spesielle etylenoksyd-indikerende preparat som brukes, vil i en viss utstrekning være avhengig av sterili-seringsprosessen man bruker og dødelig-hetsgraden man ønsker. The exact method used when using gas sterilization varies greatly. A method utilizes e.g. a process which involves placing the objects to be sterilized in a pressure chamber, this is partially evacuated and a gas mixture of 20 per cent ethylene oxide and 80 per cent carbon dioxide is introduced into the chamber under pressure and the temperature is kept at around 55° C in several hours. Another method makes use of a process where the materials to be sterilized are placed in a retort, it is preheated from 20 to 40°C for at least 45 minutes, the retort is evacuated, pure ethylene oxide is introduced and the material is treated with the gas in y2 to 4 hours. The special ethylene oxide-indicating preparation used will depend to a certain extent on the sterilization process used and the degree of mortality desired.
I det følgende beskrives fremstilling av reagensoppløsningene resp. -suspensjonene som anvendes i henhold til oppfinnelsen. In the following, the preparation of the reagent solutions or - the suspensions used according to the invention.
Reagens A. Reagent A.
De følgende komponenter ble oppløst i 9,5 1 etanol: 1,8 kg pulverisert polyvinylpyrrolidon 3,38 kg av en 50 pst.s isopropanoloppløs-ning av en 30 : 70 sampolymer av vinylpyrrolidon og vinylacetat The following components were dissolved in 9.5 1 of ethanol: 1.8 kg of powdered polyvinylpyrrolidone 3.38 kg of a 50% isopropanol solution of a 30:70 copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl acetate
0,108 kg malakittgrønt oksalat. (Denne sy-rebaseindikator skifter fra grønt til farveløs når pH øker fra ca. 11,5 til 13). 0.108 kg malachite green oxalate. (This sy-rebase indicator changes from green to colorless as the pH increases from about 11.5 to 13).
I oppløsningen ble det så utrørt 1,08 kg titandioksyd. 1.08 kg of titanium dioxide was then stirred into the solution.
0,95 1 vann og 0,95 1 glycerol ble blandet og 0,54 kg kaliumjodid tilsatt. Berck's indeks angir at en vandig oppløsning av kaliumjodid har en pH mellom 7 og 9. Denne oppløsningen ble nå oppløst i oppløsningen beskrevet i foregående avsnitt, hvoretter den blandete oppløsning tole fortynnet til 19 1 ved tilsetning av etanol. 0.95 L of water and 0.95 L of glycerol were mixed and 0.54 kg of potassium iodide was added. Berck's index indicates that an aqueous solution of potassium iodide has a pH between 7 and 9. This solution was now dissolved in the solution described in the previous section, after which the mixed solution was diluted to 19 1 by adding ethanol.
Reagens B. Reagent B.
I en oppløsning som består av 210,0 g etanol, 60,0 g glycerol og 90,0 g vann ble oppløst 2,4 g tymolftalein og 83,0 g poly-dietylaminoetylmetakrylatmetylbromid-kvartært salt. Den sistnevnte bestanddel kombinerer funksjonene som et bindemiddel, etylenoksydreaktivt salt og, i mindre utstrekning, et fuktemiddel. In a solution consisting of 210.0 g of ethanol, 60.0 g of glycerol and 90.0 g of water, 2.4 g of thymolphthalein and 83.0 g of polydiethylaminoethyl methacrylate methyl bromide quaternary salt were dissolved. The latter component combines the functions of a binder, ethylene oxide reactive salt and, to a lesser extent, a wetting agent.
Forskjellige modifikasjoner kan gjøres i sammensetningen av de etylenoksyd-in-dikerende materialer for å regulere hastig-heten på farve-forandringen. For eksempel har tilstedeværelsen av et bindemateriale, selv når dette er vannoppløselig, en tendens Various modifications can be made in the composition of the ethylene oxide indicating materials to regulate the speed of the color change. For example, the presence of a binder, even when water soluble, tends to
til å retardere de mange reaksjoner. Ved å to retard the many reactions. By
minske mengden av salt til 1 /20 av det som er gitt i Reagens A, øker på lignende måte reducing the amount of salt to 1/20 of that given in Reagent A increases in a similar way
tiden som kreves til en gitt farveforandring ved en gitt konsentrasjon av etylenoksyd og vanndamp med en faktor på ca. 5. Hvis the time required for a given color change at a given concentration of ethylene oxide and water vapor by a factor of approx. 5. If
pH av en mettet oppløsning av saltet er i nærheten av indikatorens farveomslags-intervall, har dette også innflytelse på has-tigheten av farveomslaget, og det er i alminnelighet å foretrekke å holde et skille på minst 2 pH-enheter for å hindre over-drevent hurtig reaksjon. Hvis pH av den mettede saltoppløsning er for høy for den ønskede indikator, kan man tilsette tilstrekkelig ikke-flyktig syre for å senke pH til mer egnet verdi. På samme måte kan en blandet indikatorkomposisjon anvendes til å gi en serie farveomslag ved økende pH og derved gi en enda finere påvisningstek-nikk. The pH of a saturated solution of the salt is close to the indicator's color change interval, this also has an influence on the speed of the color change, and it is generally preferable to keep a separation of at least 2 pH units to prevent excessive quick reaction. If the pH of the saturated salt solution is too high for the desired indicator, sufficient non-volatile acid can be added to lower the pH to a more suitable value. In the same way, a mixed indicator composition can be used to give a series of color changes with increasing pH and thereby provide an even finer detection technique.
Eksempler på fremstilling av mdika-tormaterialene. Examples of the manufacture of the indicator materials.
Eksempel 1. Example 1.
Et halvgjennomsiktig, i fuktig tilstand kruset papirunderlag laget av finmalte pa-pirfibrer og i det vesentlige fri for andre komponenter, som beskrevet i US patent nr. 2 940 591, ble belagt med oppløsningen fremstilt i foregående avsnitt, og en nr. 150 Mueller Ruling Mill-sylinder ble brukt til å påføre oppløsningen. Arket ble der-etter overtrykt med en sylinder med diagonalt linjemønster, som ga 3,175 mm x 76,2 mm linjer med ca. 11 mm mellomrom. Den overtrykkende komposisjon ble fremstilt ved å blande 12,5 1 av en 35 pst.s xylol : bu-tylalkohol ibutylacetat-oppløsning av ni-trocellulose plastisert med tricresylfosfat som var 35 pst. av vekten av nitrocellulosen, 6,4 1 butylacetat, 100 g Malachitgrønt oksalat og 1050 g titandioksyd. Det trykte papir ble så belagt med et lite klebrig polyuretan-lag på baksiden av den type som er beskrevet i US patent nr. 2 532 011 ved bruk av en No. 180 Ruling Mill-sylinder. Båndet ble så tørket ved 120° C i ca. y2 minutt og den motsatte overflate ble så belagt med et kraftig gummi-harpikslimbånd med trykksensitiv klebrighet på en måte som er vel kjent for fagfolk. Båndet ble derpå skåret opp i ønsket bredde og viklet opp i en rull, og det lite klebrige lag på baksiden gjør det lett å vikle det opp igjen uten å få over-ført det farvete belegg fra baksiden til li-met. A semi-transparent wet-crimped paper substrate made of finely ground paper fibers and substantially free of other components, as described in US Patent No. 2,940,591, was coated with the solution prepared in the preceding paragraph, and a No. 150 Mueller Ruling Mill cylinder was used to apply the solution. The sheet was then overprinted with a cylinder with a diagonal line pattern, which produced 3.175 mm x 76.2 mm lines with approx. 11 mm gap. The overprinting composition was prepared by mixing 12.5 L of a 35 percent xylol:butyl alcohol ibutyl acetate solution of nitrocellulose plasticized with tricresyl phosphate which was 35 percent by weight of the nitrocellulose, 6.4 L of butyl acetate, 100 g Malachite green oxalate and 1050 g titanium dioxide. The printed paper was then coated with a low tack polyurethane layer on the back of the type described in US Patent No. 2,532,011 using a No. 180 Ruling Mill Cylinder. The tape was then dried at 120° C for approx. y2 minute and the opposite surface was then coated with a heavy-duty rubber-resin adhesive tape of pressure-sensitive tack in a manner well known to those skilled in the art. The tape was then cut to the desired width and wound up into a roll, and the slightly sticky layer on the back makes it easy to wind it up again without transferring the colored coating from the back to the glue.
Baksiden av båndet beskrevet ovenfor hadde en jevn mellomgrønn farve, når det ble utsatt for en atmosfære som inneholdt 12 pst. etylenoksyd og 88 pst. karbondioksyd ved 40 pst. relativ fuktighet og under atmosfærisk trykk i 2 timer ved 70° C, fal-met grønnfarven på det første laget, og igjen ble det bare de mellomgrønne strekene som gikk diagonalt på baksiden. Det fuktighetsmotstandsdyktige nitrocellulose-blndemiddel hindret farveforandring på strekene, mens derimot det vannoppløselige polyvinylpyrrolidontoindemiddel tillot farveforandring av det første lag. Titandi-oksydet øket farvekontrasten. Da malakitt-grønt er farveløst ved alle pH over 13, har ikke større mengder overskudd av etylenoksyd noen ytterligere effekt på utseende av båndet. The reverse side of the tape described above had a uniform medium green color when exposed to an atmosphere containing 12 percent ethylene oxide and 88 percent carbon dioxide at 40 percent relative humidity and under atmospheric pressure for 2 hours at 70° C., faded the green color on the first layer, and again only the medium green lines that ran diagonally on the back remained. The moisture-resistant nitrocellulose compound prevented discoloration of the lines, while the water-soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone sealant allowed discoloration of the first layer. The titanium dioxide increased the color contrast. As malachite green is colorless at all pH above 13, larger amounts of excess ethylene oxide have no further effect on the appearance of the band.
Den nye toåndtype i henhold til det foregående eksempel representerer for tiden den foretrukne utførelsesform av den foreliggende oppfinnelse. For mange for-mål imidlertid vil en mye enklere type virke like tilfredsstillende. For eksempel kan en oppløsning av vann, kaliumjodid og mala-kittgrønt påføres direkte på underlaget, tørkes og brukes til å påvise fritt etylenoksyd. Da malakitt-grønt er meget vann-oppløselig (mindre enn 1 del vann kreves til å oppløse 1 del indikator), trenger man i de fleste tilfeller ikke noe fuktighetsmid-del. På lignende måte kan slike bestand-deler tilsettes direkte til møllen i en papir-maskin for å sørge for et billig produkt ved bruk av den foreliggende oppfinnelse. The new two-breath type according to the preceding example currently represents the preferred embodiment of the present invention. For many purposes, however, a much simpler type will seem just as satisfactory. For example, a solution of water, potassium iodide and malachite green can be applied directly to the substrate, dried and used to detect free ethylene oxide. As malachite green is very water-soluble (less than 1 part water is required to dissolve 1 part indicator), in most cases no wetting agent is needed. In a similar way, such constituents can be added directly to the mill in a paper machine to provide a cheap product using the present invention.
Eksempel 2. Example 2.
Oppløsningen erholdt som reagens B ble så strøket på et filterpapir og lufttør-ket, belegget gjør papiret svakt gjennom-siktig, men er ellers usynlig. Det belagte papir tole så utsatt for en atmosfære som inneholdt 20 pst. etylenoksydgass og 80 pst. karbondioksyd ved en relativ fuktighet av 20 pst. og en temperatur av 60° C. Etter 2 timer observerte man at det belagte papir var blitt dypt blått. The solution obtained as reagent B was then coated on a filter paper and air-dried, the coating makes the paper slightly transparent, but is otherwise invisible. The coated paper was then exposed to an atmosphere containing 20 percent ethylene oxide gas and 80 percent carbon dioxide at a relative humidity of 20 percent and a temperature of 60° C. After 2 hours it was observed that the coated paper had turned a deep blue.
Eksempel 3— 10. Example 3— 10.
Hvert av de følgende eksempler ble ut-ført ved tilsetning av et salt og en syre-baseindikator til forrådsoppløsning. fremstilt ved å blande sammen 1,6 deler polyvinylpyrrolidon, 3,4 deler etanol, 1 del glycerol og 1,5 deler vann, alle deler etter vekt. I hvert tilfelle ble indikatoren tilsatt i en mengde som tilsvarte 6,7 mg pr. g av for-rådsoppløsningen. Saltet ble tilsatt i mengder som tilsvarte 0,8 mg. pr. g forrådsopp-løsning. De enkelte blandinger laget av for-rådsoppløsningen, indikatoren og saltet ble strøket på filterpapir og lufttørket. Da det ble utsatt for en blanding av 20 pst. etylenoksyd og 80 pst. karbondioksyd ved en relativ fuktighet av 20 pst. og en temperatur av 60° C i 2 timer, fant farveforandringen sted som anført i tabellen. Each of the following examples was carried out by adding a salt and an acid-base indicator to the stock solution. prepared by mixing together 1.6 parts polyvinylpyrrolidone, 3.4 parts ethanol, 1 part glycerol and 1.5 parts water, all parts by weight. In each case, the indicator was added in an amount corresponding to 6.7 mg per g of the stock solution. The salt was added in amounts corresponding to 0.8 mg. per g storage solution. The individual mixtures made from the stock solution, the indicator and the salt were spread on filter paper and air dried. When it was exposed to a mixture of 20% ethylene oxide and 80% carbon dioxide at a relative humidity of 20% and a temperature of 60° C. for 2 hours, the color change took place as indicated in the table.
Indikatormaterialene som fremstilles i The indicator materials produced in
henhold til oppfinnelsen kan også brukes according to the invention can also be used
til å påvise tilstedeværelsen av fritt etylenoksyd i vandige media, for eksempel øye-dråper. En hensiktsmessig teknikk er å ta to detect the presence of free ethylene oxide in aqueous media, for example eye drops. An appropriate technique is to take
en dråpe av materiale som skal prøves på a drop of material to be tested on
etylenoksydprøvemidlet, og la det være i the ethylene oxide test agent, and leave it in
kontakt med det i flere minutter. contact it for several minutes.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT27432/75A IT1044063B (en) | 1975-09-19 | 1975-09-19 | ROCK SHOE |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO760280L NO760280L (en) | 1977-03-22 |
NO141918B true NO141918B (en) | 1980-02-25 |
NO141918C NO141918C (en) | 1980-06-04 |
Family
ID=11221622
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO760280A NO141918C (en) | 1975-09-19 | 1976-01-28 | MOUNTAIN FOR MOUNTAIN CLIMB SHOES. |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
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JP (1) | JPS5241048A (en) |
AT (1) | AT356542B (en) |
BE (1) | BE840128A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1057491A (en) |
CH (1) | CH604586A5 (en) |
DE (2) | DE2605463A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK86776A (en) |
FR (1) | FR2324250A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1527786A (en) |
IT (1) | IT1044063B (en) |
NO (1) | NO141918C (en) |
SE (1) | SE425889B (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3638972A (en) * | 1969-11-04 | 1972-02-01 | Certain Teed Prod Corp | Branch pipe fitting for fluid pressure pipeline |
US4352512A (en) * | 1979-04-19 | 1982-10-05 | Certain-Teed Corporation | Molded fittings |
JPS5633700A (en) * | 1979-08-28 | 1981-04-04 | Katsuragi Sangyo Kk | Speaker box |
GB2125272A (en) * | 1982-08-16 | 1984-03-07 | John Hall | Shoe construction |
IT8259342V0 (en) * | 1982-12-09 | 1982-12-09 | Calzaturificio Asolo Sport S A | INSOLE PREFORMED IN SYNTHETIC RESIN INJECTION MATRIX, WITH PARTICULAR ORTHOPEDIC AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS, DIFFERENT FLEXIBILITY AND FACILITATED SEWING. |
JPS6236405Y2 (en) * | 1984-11-16 | 1987-09-17 | ||
FR2617683B1 (en) * | 1987-07-08 | 1991-09-06 | Boussac Saint Freres Bsf | PANTY LAYER WITH IMPROVED SEALING |
JPH02141740U (en) * | 1989-04-30 | 1990-11-29 | ||
JPH0370393A (en) * | 1989-08-10 | 1991-03-26 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Speaker system |
JPH0370395A (en) * | 1989-08-10 | 1991-03-26 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Speaker unit |
-
1975
- 1975-09-19 IT IT27432/75A patent/IT1044063B/en active
-
1976
- 1976-01-28 NO NO760280A patent/NO141918C/en unknown
- 1976-02-12 DE DE19762605463 patent/DE2605463A1/en active Pending
- 1976-02-12 DE DE7603991U patent/DE7603991U1/en not_active Expired
- 1976-02-26 CA CA246,657A patent/CA1057491A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-02-27 SE SE7602814A patent/SE425889B/en unknown
- 1976-03-01 DK DK86776A patent/DK86776A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-03-03 AT AT155376A patent/AT356542B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-03-11 FR FR7606945A patent/FR2324250A1/en active Granted
- 1976-03-26 BE BE6045417A patent/BE840128A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-03-30 CH CH397976A patent/CH604586A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-04-08 JP JP51039789A patent/JPS5241048A/en active Pending
- 1976-08-09 GB GB33041/76A patent/GB1527786A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SE7602814L (en) | 1977-03-20 |
DK86776A (en) | 1977-03-20 |
GB1527786A (en) | 1978-10-11 |
SE425889B (en) | 1982-11-22 |
NO760280L (en) | 1977-03-22 |
AT356542B (en) | 1980-05-12 |
DE7603991U1 (en) | 1980-01-31 |
BE840128A (en) | 1976-09-27 |
ATA155376A (en) | 1979-09-15 |
FR2324250B1 (en) | 1981-06-12 |
FR2324250A1 (en) | 1977-04-15 |
CH604586A5 (en) | 1978-09-15 |
IT1044063B (en) | 1980-03-20 |
NO141918C (en) | 1980-06-04 |
JPS5241048A (en) | 1977-03-30 |
CA1057491A (en) | 1979-07-03 |
DE2605463A1 (en) | 1977-03-31 |
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