NO128323B - - Google Patents
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- NO128323B NO128323B NO357670A NO357670A NO128323B NO 128323 B NO128323 B NO 128323B NO 357670 A NO357670 A NO 357670A NO 357670 A NO357670 A NO 357670A NO 128323 B NO128323 B NO 128323B
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- Prior art keywords
- water
- soluble
- grain
- concrete
- macromolecular
- Prior art date
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011400 blast furnace cement Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- LDMOEFOXLIZJOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCS(O)(=O)=O LDMOEFOXLIZJOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 244000303965 Cyamopsis psoralioides Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000896 Ethulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001859 Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000926 Galactomannan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001612 Hydroxyethyl starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000161 Locust bean gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004909 Moisturizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940060296 dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019326 ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 fatty alcohol acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011381 foam concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940050526 hydroxyethylstarch Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000711 locust bean gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010420 locust bean gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001333 moisturizer Effects 0.000 description 1
- XFHJDMUEHUHAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-tert-butylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C XFHJDMUEHUHAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001254 oxidized starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013808 oxidized starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000172 poly(styrenesulfonic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002432 poly(vinyl methyl ether) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940005642 polystyrene sulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001290 polyvinyl ester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010334 sieve classification Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010333 wet classification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/0076—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials characterised by the grain distribution
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/02—Treatment
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av en vanngjennomtrengelig enkorn-porebetong. Process for producing a water-permeable single-grain aerated concrete.
Oppfinnelsen vedrører en fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av en vanngjennomtrengelig enkorn-porebetong under anvendelsen av en sementholdig betongblanding under spesiell hensyntagen til opp-■beredningen av den anvendte grove sand. The invention relates to a method for the production of a water-permeable single-grain aerated concrete using a cementitious concrete mixture with particular regard to the preparation of the coarse sand used.
/ed underjordiske betongforinger av tunnelbygg, gruvestoller og beskyttelsesmurer over jorden ved skråninger opp-trer ofte det problem å bortføre en flateaktiv vannuttreden eller en gjennomfukting av fjellet eller jordsmonnet som strekker seg over større område, således at den egentlige foring ikke beskadiges ved vannstuvningens hydrostatiske trykk og da eventuelt blir vanngjennomtrengelig. /ed underground concrete linings of tunnel construction, mine tunnels and protective walls above the ground on slopes, the problem often arises of removing a surface-active water exit or a wetting of the rock or the soil that extends over a large area, so that the actual lining is not damaged by the hydrostatic pressure of the water storage and then possibly become water permeable.
Det erkjent å avvanne slike steder etter drenerings-metoden, idet vannet' bortføres ved hjelp av i betongfdringen inn-byggede dreneringsrør. I strekninger eller tunneler med sénere endeutbygning i stålbetong eller ved sprøytebetong-utbygning med forankring ble de angjeldende steder beskyttet ved folieisolering for fjellfuktighet og vannet bortført mellom foring og isolering ved ribbefoli-er, slangedrenering og lignende. I trykkholdige fjell-partier kan stuvningsvannet mer eller mindre,ukontrollert dryppe av gjennom presstrelag. It is recognized to dewater such places according to the drainage method, as the water is carried away by means of drainage pipes built into the concrete foundation. In sections or tunnels with later end extensions in steel concrete or in the case of shotcrete extensions with anchoring, the relevant locations were protected by foil insulation against rock moisture and the water carried away between lining and insulation by ribbed foils, hose drainage and the like. In pressurized mountain areas, the stowage water can more or less, uncontrolled drip off through pressure layers.
Man har allerede forsøkt å avhjelpe dette med spesial-filtersten som som porevegg er blitt lagt uten mellomsjikt til fjellet. På denne porevegg ble deretter sprøytebetongforingen på-ført. Den flatemessige avspenning og bortføring av vannet gjennom poreveggen hindrer riktignok større ukontrollerbar vannuttreden, imidlertid kan poreveggen av hullegemestein bare anvendes inntil sjaktvegger, fordi filterstenene på ingen måte kan oppta første-trykket. Attempts have already been made to remedy this with special filter stone which has been laid as a pore wall without an intermediate layer to the rock. The shotcrete lining was then applied to this pore wall. The area-wise relaxation and removal of the water through the pore wall does indeed prevent larger uncontrollable water escapes, however, the pore wall made of hole aggregate can only be used next to shaft walls, because the filter stones cannot absorb the first pressure in any way.
Til grunn for oppfinnelsen ligger den oppgave å til-veiebringe en porebetong som .kan sprøytes og allerede etter kort tid kan oppta statisk trykk. The invention is based on the task of providing an aerated concrete that can be sprayed and can take up static pressure already after a short time.
Ifølge oppfinnelsen anvendes en betongblanding som inneholder According to the invention, a concrete mixture containing
a) kornformede mineralske tilsetningsstoffer av en enhetlig kornfraksjon i området fra 3 til 30 mm med en toleransebredde fra a) granular mineral additives of a uniform grain fraction in the range from 3 to 30 mm with a tolerance width from
4 til 15 mm og 4 to 15 mm and
b) et makromolekylært vannoppløselig stoff i en mengde fra 0,05 til 2,0 vekt%, referert til sementen, idet det inneholdes et vann-sement-forhold på ca. 0,32 til 0,48. Til fremstilling av betongblandingen som skal anvendes ifølge oppfinnelsen kan det anvendes vanlige kornformede mineralske tilsetningsstoffer, som eksempelvis knust stein eller blæreaggregatholdige mineraler som pimpstein, leire, skifer, lavalit og lignende. Hensiktsmessig skal de mineralske fyllstoffer ha en oval eller rund struktur, således at de enkelte korn ved forarbeidelsen lett kan gli forbi hverandre. Fordelaktig anvendes som kornformet mineralsk tilsetningsstoff grov sand. Det er gunstig å holde toleransbredden, spesielt ved relativt små kornstørrelser, minst mulig.. I mange tilfeller kan det vise seg.gunstig ved siden av de kornformede mineralske tilsetningsstoffer å medanvende underordnede mengder av asbestfibre. Asbestfibermengden skal imidlertid ikke overstige 5 vekt$ av vekten, av tilsetningsstoffet.. b) a macromolecular water-soluble substance in an amount from 0.05 to 2.0% by weight, referred to the cement, as it contains a water-cement ratio of approx. 0.32 to 0.48. For the production of the concrete mixture to be used according to the invention, ordinary granular mineral additives can be used, such as crushed stone or minerals containing bladder aggregates such as pumice, clay, slate, lavalite and the like. Appropriately, the mineral fillers should have an oval or round structure, so that the individual grains can easily slide past each other during processing. Coarse sand is advantageously used as granular mineral additive. It is advantageous to keep the tolerance width, especially in the case of relatively small grain sizes, as small as possible. In many cases, it can prove advantageous to co-use minor quantities of asbestos fibers alongside the granular mineral additives. However, the amount of asbestos fibers must not exceed 5% of the weight of the additive.
Da som bekjent en betongs spesielle egenskaper vesentlig bestemmes av korningslinjen av dens tilsetninger, er overholdelsen av de angjeldende karakteristiske linjer ved sikte- eller våtklassi-fisering og dosert gjensammenblanding av kornfraksjonene å iaktta og oppnå. For et såkalt fordelaktig enkorntilastningsstoff ifølge oppfinnelsen er det derimot bare nødvendig fra det samlede korn-spektrum å utklassere en bestemt fraksjon, hvilket best lykkes med tilsvarende avtrinnet flerelags sikt. Since, as is known, a concrete's special properties are essentially determined by the grain line of its additives, compliance with the relevant characteristic lines by sieve or wet classification and dosed recombination of the grain fractions is to be observed and achieved. For a so-called advantageous single-grain loading substance according to the invention, on the other hand, it is only necessary to outclass a specific fraction from the overall grain spectrum, which is best achieved with correspondingly stepped multi-layer sieves.
Videre er det en oppgave for foreliggende oppfinnelse Furthermore, it is a task for the present invention
å vise en ny vei til oppberedning av grov og fin sand samt andre mineralske byggtilsetningsstoffer, hvormed det kan fremstilles en vanngjennomtrengelig porebetong også ved sprøyting. to show a new way to prepare coarse and fine sand as well as other mineral building additives, with which a water-permeable aerated concrete can also be produced by spraying.
For fremstilling av en egnet grov sand frasiktes fordelaktig fra det vaskede råmateriales snevre kornfraksjoner av midlere kornstørrelse på 3-7 mm og/eller 15-30 mm og etter mekanisk avvanning av de eventuelle fraksjoner til maksimalt 15% restfuktighet blandes med 300-200 g/tonn av et makromolekylært vannoppløselig stoff. For the production of a suitable coarse sand, the narrow grain fractions of the washed raw material with an average grain size of 3-7 mm and/or 15-30 mm are advantageously separated and after mechanical dewatering of the possible fractions to a maximum of 15% residual moisture, mixed with 300-200 g/ tonnes of a macromolecular water-soluble substance.
Fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen kan anvendes ved oppberedning av vanlige som bygningsstofftil33tninger egnede materialer. I første rekke benyttes den til oppberedning av sand og grov'sand. Det er imidlertid også mulig å anvende fremgangsmåten ved brutt The method according to the invention can be used when preparing ordinary materials suitable as building materials. It is primarily used for the preparation of sand and coarse sand. However, it is also possible to use the method in case of breakage
stein eller blæreaggregatholdige mineraler, som pimpstein, leire, skifer, lavalit og lignende. Tilsetningen av makromolekylære vann-oppløselige stoffer har allerede det formål å utnytte disse stoffers vannbindende egenskaper til å oppnå den etter avvanningen gjen-blivende restfuktighet av tilsetningsmaterialet og også etter senere tilsetning av den nødvendige sementdel å forsinke avbindings-pros.essen og også å hindre en fordampning av denne vanndel. stone or minerals containing bladder aggregates, such as pumice, clay, slate, lavalite and the like. The addition of macromolecular water-soluble substances already has the purpose of utilizing the water-binding properties of these substances to achieve the remaining residual moisture of the additive material after dewatering and also after later addition of the necessary cement part to delay the setting process and also to prevent a evaporation of this water component.
Som vannoppløselige makromolekylære stoffer kan det anvendes de forskjelligste eller naturlige syntetiske .polymere. Blant de naturlige vannoppløselige stoffer er eksempelvis de forskjelligste såkalte plantegummityper egnet, altså eksempelvis galaktomannaner som johannesbrød-kjernemel eller guarmel eller også xanthan-gummi eller vannoppløselige stivelsesprodukter. Til sistnevnte hører eksempelvis metylstivelse, hydroksyetylstivelse, karboksymety1-stivelse eller også oksydatiyt avbygget stivelse. For fremstilling av betongblandingen ifølge oppfinnelsen anvendes imidlertid for-trinnsvis som vannoppløselige makromolekylære stoffer vannoppløse-lige celluloseetere. Det egner seg eksempelvis metylcellulose, hydroksyetylcellulose, hydroksypropylcellulose, metylhydroksy-propylcellulose, etylhydroksyetylcellulose, hydroksyetylkarboksy-metylcellulose. A wide variety of natural or synthetic polymers can be used as water-soluble macromolecular substances. Among the natural water-soluble substances, the most diverse so-called plant gum types are suitable, i.e. for example galactomannans such as locust bean gum or guar flour or also xanthan gum or water-soluble starch products. The latter includes, for example, methyl starch, hydroxyethyl starch, carboxymethyl starch or also oxidized starch. For the production of the concrete mixture according to the invention, however, water-soluble cellulose ethers are preferably used as water-soluble macromolecular substances. Suitable examples are methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose, ethylhydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcarboxymethylcellulose.
Ved siden av de nevnte naturlige vannoppløselige makromolekylære stoffer kan det også anvendes de forskjelligste syntetiske polymere som eksempelvis polyakrylamid, alkalisaltene, eller polyakrylsyre, vannoppløselige blandingspolymerisater av akrylamid med til nitrogen substituert akrylamid som f.eks. bland-ingspolymerisatet av akrylamid og N-tert.-butylakrylamid. Videre er det egnet de vannoppløselige polyvinylmetyletere eller polyvinyl-alkohol eller polyvinylpyrrolidon samt deres vannoppløselige blandingspolymerisater med eksempelvis vinylacetat. Videre kan det dessuten anvendes alkalisaltene av polystyrolsulfonsyre. Alongside the aforementioned natural water-soluble macromolecular substances, a wide variety of synthetic polymers can also be used, such as polyacrylamide, the alkali salts, or polyacrylic acid, water-soluble mixed polymers of acrylamide with acrylamide substituted for nitrogen, such as e.g. the mixture polymer of acrylamide and N-tert-butylacrylamide. Also suitable are the water-soluble polyvinyl methyl ethers or polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl pyrrolidone as well as their water-soluble mixed polymers with, for example, vinyl acetate. Furthermore, the alkali salts of polystyrene sulfonic acid can also be used.
Ifølge en foretrukket utførelsesform kan de makromolekylære vannoppløselige stoffer tilsettes samtidig med den for betongblandingen nødvendige sementdel. According to a preferred embodiment, the macromolecular water-soluble substances can be added at the same time as the cement part required for the concrete mixture.
De vannoppløselige makromolekylære stoffer kan tilsettes såvel i tørr pulverform med vasket og siktet materiale. The water-soluble macromolecular substances can be added both in dry powder form with washed and sieved material.
Det er imidlertid også mulig i første rekke å deigdanne stoffene med vann eller å oppløse og å tilsette dem i denne form. Blandingen foregår hensiktsmessig i tvangsblandere. However, it is also possible in the first place to form a paste of the substances with water or to dissolve and to add them in this form. Mixing takes place appropriately in forced mixers.
Til fremstilling av betongblandinger anvender man vanlige sementtyper, spesielt imidlertid høyovnsement'. Det tilsettes forøvirg så meget vann at det overholdes et forhold mellom vann og sement på 0,32 til- 0,48, idet selvsagt tilsetningsstoffenes egen-fuktighet må medberegnes. Anvendes grov sand, så må det regnes med en fuktighet - fra ca. 5 til 15%. Det må anses som overraskende at ved fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen lar også betongblandinger seg sprøyte, hvor forholdet på 0,38 underskrides. For the production of concrete mixtures, ordinary types of cement are used, especially blast-furnace cement. Incidentally, so much water is added that a water-to-cement ratio of 0.32 to 0.48 is observed, as of course the inherent moisture content of the additives must also be calculated. If coarse sand is used, a moisture content of approx. 5 to 15%. It must be considered surprising that with the method according to the invention, concrete mixtures can also be sprayed, where the ratio of 0.38 is exceeded.
Ifølge en fordelaktig utførelsesform tilsettes det According to an advantageous embodiment, it is added
til betongblandingene ifølge oppfinnelsen dessuten anionaktive eller ikke ionogene fuktemidier. De skal foreligge i en mengde fra ca. 0,005 til 0,08 vekt%, referert til sement. Som fuktemidier egner det seg eksempelvis alkalisalter spesielt natriumsalter av sulfonsyrer som f.eks. dodecylbenzolsulfonsyre eller også fettalko-holsyrer. Med godt resultat kan eksempelvis'natriumsaltet av lau-ryls.ulfonsyre anvendes. Som ikke' ionogent fuktemiddel kommer det for the concrete mixtures according to the invention, in addition, anionic or non-ionic wetting agents. They must be available in a quantity from approx. 0.005 to 0.08% by weight, referred to cement. Suitable wetting agents are, for example, alkali salts, especially sodium salts of sulphonic acids such as e.g. dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid or also fatty alcohol acids. For example, the sodium salt of lauryl sulfonic acid can be used with good results. As a non-ionic moisturizer it comes
spesielt på tale addisjonsproduktene av etylenoksyd til alkylfenoler eller til fettalkoholer. Et egnet fuktemiddel av denne gruppe er eksempelvis addisjonsproduktet av 9 mol etylenoksyd til 1 mol nonyl-fenol. in particular the addition products of ethylene oxide to alkylphenols or to fatty alcohols. A suitable wetting agent of this group is, for example, the addition product of 9 mol of ethylene oxide to 1 mol of nonyl phenol.
Endelig kan det til betongblandingene ifølge oppfinnelsen dessuten tilsettes tilsetninger av vandige dispersjoner av termoplastiske kunststoffer, spesielt polyvinylestere, samt vandige dispersjoner av bitumen. Som vandige dispersjoner av termoplastiske kunststoffer egner det seg eksempelvis de handelsvanlige dispersjoner av polyvinylpropionat, polyvinylacetat eller blandingspolymerisater av butadien og styren. Finally, additions of aqueous dispersions of thermoplastic plastics, especially polyvinyl esters, as well as aqueous dispersions of bitumen can also be added to the concrete mixtures according to the invention. Suitable aqueous dispersions of thermoplastic plastics are, for example, commercially available dispersions of polyvinyl propionate, polyvinyl acetate or mixed polymers of butadiene and styrene.
Fremstillingen av betongblandingen ifølge oppfinnelsen foregår i vanlige blandere, spesielt tvangsblandere. Derved kan de vannoppløselige makromolekylære stoffer enten tilsettes i fast form eller også som konsentrert vandig oppløsning eller pasta. Det samme gjelder for de anionaktive resp. ikke ionogene fuktemidier. Det har vist seg gunstig å anvende blandinger hvor det på ca. 200 til 300 kg høyovnsement anvendes 1000 til 2000 kg tilsetningsstoffer som grov sand. I visse tilfeller kan det også være hensiktsmessig til betongblandingene dessuten å sette kjente akselleratorer. Her-til kommer eksempelvis på tale kalsiumklorid, kiselsyre eller vann-glass . The production of the concrete mixture according to the invention takes place in ordinary mixers, especially forced mixers. Thereby, the water-soluble macromolecular substances can either be added in solid form or also as a concentrated aqueous solution or paste. The same applies to the anionic active resp. not ionic wetting agents. It has proven beneficial to use mixtures where in approx. 200 to 300 kg of blast furnace cement are used 1000 to 2000 kg of additives such as coarse sand. In certain cases, it may also be appropriate to add known accelerators to the concrete mixtures. This includes, for example, calcium chloride, silicic acid or water glass.
Ved fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen er det for første gang mulig å sprøyte porebetong pneumatisk. Ved denne våtsprøyting fremkommer det ikke bare på grunn av den gode begynnelsesklebing lite tilbakeslag, men tilbakeslaget kan også uten videre anvendes igjen. Det bortfaller således den ved-andre fremgangsmåter om-stendelige fjerning av ikke mer anvendelsesdyktige tilbakeslag fra bygningsstedet. Det er heller ikke nødvendig som vanlig forøvrig å anvende forskalinger ved fremstilling av porebetong. Ved porebetongen ifølge oppfinnelsen kan det uten videre anbringes sjikt inntil 25 cm i en arbeidsgang. Ved den hittil kjente sprøytebetong kunne det imidlertid bare oppnås en sjikttykkelse fra 5 til 10 mm. With the method according to the invention, it is possible for the first time to spray aerated concrete pneumatically. With this wet spraying, not only does little kickback occur due to the good initial adhesion, but the kickback can also be used again without further ado. The cumbersome removal of setbacks from the building site that are no longer suitable for use by other methods is thus omitted. Nor is it necessary, as usual, to use formwork when producing aerated concrete. With the aerated concrete according to the invention, a layer of up to 25 cm can be placed without further ado in one work step. With the previously known shotcrete, however, only a layer thickness of 5 to 10 mm could be achieved.
Ved porebetongen ifølge oppfinnelsen dreier det seg ikke om en skummet betong men om en vanngjennomtrengelig betong som er oppbygget tilsvarende et sintret kulefilter, idet mellomrommene mellom kornene er åpne og i det vesentlige foreligger- bare en sammenkitting på berøringsflatene.'With the aerated concrete according to the invention, it is not a foamed concrete but a water-permeable concrete that is structured similarly to a sintered ball filter, in that the spaces between the grains are open and there is essentially only a jointing of the contact surfaces.'
Porebetongen ifølge oppfinnelsen kan .eksempelvis finne anvendelse ved utbygging av tunneler eller ved fremstilling av stoller i bergverk. Allerede etter kort tid er en statisk belast-ning mulig, således at det kan gjennomføres en rasjonell fremdrift. Det er heller ikke nødvendig for ytterligere avbinding å fukte betongen, da vanntilbakeholdelsesevnen av blandingen av sement og makromolekylære vannoppløselige stoffer er meget god. The aerated concrete according to the invention can, for example, be used in the development of tunnels or in the production of abutments in quarries. Already after a short time, a static load is possible, so that rational progress can be carried out. It is also not necessary for further setting to wet the concrete, as the water retention capacity of the mixture of cement and macromolecular water-soluble substances is very good.
Eksemp. ler. Ex. laughing.
Det ble fremstilt forskjellige betongblandinger ved fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen, idet blanding I besto av 250 kg høyovnsement, 1500 kg grov sand (korning 3 til 7 mm) og så mye vann at vann-sement-forholdet utgjorde 0,38. Blanding II besto av 300 kg høyovnsement, 1650 kg grov sand av korning 15 til 30 mm, idet det ble tilsatt så meget vann at vann-sement-forholdet utgjorde 0,40. Various concrete mixtures were produced by the method according to the invention, with mixture I consisting of 250 kg of blast furnace cement, 1500 kg of coarse sand (grain size 3 to 7 mm) and so much water that the water-cement ratio was 0.38. Mixture II consisted of 300 kg of blast furnace cement, 1650 kg of coarse sand with a grain size of 15 to 30 mm, with so much water being added that the water-cement ratio was 0.40.
Til disse blandinger ble det tilsatt forskjellige mengder av vannoppløselige makromolekylære stoffer og fuktemidier.' I følgende tabell er det i første spalte angitt satsens løpende nummer. Videre følger den anvendte betongblanding, mengde og type av vannoppløselige makromolekylære stoffer, samt fuktemiddel. Different amounts of water-soluble macromolecular substances and wetting agents were added to these mixtures. In the following table, the rate's serial number is indicated in the first column. Furthermore, it follows the concrete mixture used, quantity and type of water-soluble macromolecular substances, as well as wetting agent.
Alle bestanddeler ble kraftig blandet i en tvangs-blander og kunne deretter sprøytes pneumatisk. I alle tilfelle ble det etter avbindingen dannet en porebetong som har en fasthet mellom ca. 120 og 280 kg/cm . Vanngjennomtrengeligheben var frem-ragende. All components were vigorously mixed in a forced mixer and could then be sprayed pneumatically. In all cases, after setting, aerated concrete was formed which has a firmness between approx. 120 and 280 kg/cm . The water permeability was outstanding.
Tilsetning av de i foregående tabell oppførte tilsetninger foregikk såvel til den ferdige blanding som også ved den ved klassering fremstilte grove sandblanding. Addition of the additives listed in the preceding table took place both to the finished mixture and also to the coarse sand mixture produced by grading.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19691953159 DE1953159B1 (en) | 1969-10-22 | 1969-10-22 | Process for processing sand and gravel as well as other mineral materials suitable as building material additives |
DE19691953158 DE1953158A1 (en) | 1969-10-22 | 1969-10-22 | Porous concrete |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO128323B true NO128323B (en) | 1973-10-29 |
Family
ID=25758029
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO357670A NO128323B (en) | 1969-10-22 | 1970-09-21 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CA (1) | CA941392A (en) |
ES (1) | ES384734A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2066226A5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1320234A (en) |
NL (1) | NL7013933A (en) |
NO (1) | NO128323B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6013987B2 (en) * | 1981-07-21 | 1985-04-10 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | Auxiliary agent for dry spraying method |
JPS5841158A (en) * | 1981-09-01 | 1983-03-10 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | Dry spray construction of mortar and concrete |
DE4439689C1 (en) * | 1994-11-07 | 1996-08-08 | Hoechst Ag | Use of a concrete mix for the production of drain concrete |
DE102008044395A1 (en) | 2008-12-05 | 2010-06-10 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Drainage concrete composition |
-
1970
- 1970-09-21 NL NL7013933A patent/NL7013933A/xx unknown
- 1970-09-21 NO NO357670A patent/NO128323B/no unknown
- 1970-10-20 FR FR7037780A patent/FR2066226A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1970-10-21 GB GB4988370A patent/GB1320234A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-10-21 CA CA096,168A patent/CA941392A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-10-21 ES ES384734A patent/ES384734A1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES384734A1 (en) | 1974-07-01 |
GB1320234A (en) | 1973-06-13 |
FR2066226A5 (en) | 1971-08-06 |
NL7013933A (en) | 1971-04-26 |
CA941392A (en) | 1974-02-05 |
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