NO121389B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO121389B NO121389B NO15186964A NO15186964A NO121389B NO 121389 B NO121389 B NO 121389B NO 15186964 A NO15186964 A NO 15186964A NO 15186964 A NO15186964 A NO 15186964A NO 121389 B NO121389 B NO 121389B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- rubber
- metal
- partially calcined
- preparation
- salt
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 89
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 89
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229940011182 cobalt acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 19
- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 fatty acid cobalt salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical group [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(S)=NC2=C1 YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001869 cobalt compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- YEOCHZFPBYUXMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper benzoate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 YEOCHZFPBYUXMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZNRLMGFXSPUZNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4-trimethyl-1h-quinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C)=CC(C)(C)NC2=C1 ZNRLMGFXSPUZNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KEQFTVQCIQJIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Phenyl-2-naphthylamine Chemical compound C=1C=C2C=CC=CC2=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 KEQFTVQCIQJIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZZYSOUTXXFZJBK-UHFFFAOYSA-L butanoate;cobalt(2+) Chemical compound [Co+2].CCCC([O-])=O.CCCC([O-])=O ZZYSOUTXXFZJBK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940076286 cupric acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 2
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ITAUHKJMPRCVIH-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+);tribenzoate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ITAUHKJMPRCVIH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229940046892 lead acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- DOLZKNFSRCEOFV-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);oxalate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O DOLZKNFSRCEOFV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N (E)-1,3-pentadiene Chemical group C\C=C\C=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKDHWGOHWGLLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-bis(sulfanylidene)-3h-1,3-benzothiazole-2-thione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2S(=S)(=S)C(S)=NC2=C1 KKDHWGOHWGLLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYRTVIAPRQLSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triethyl-1,3,5-triazinane Chemical compound CCN1CN(CC)CN(CC)C1 XYRTVIAPRQLSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxin Chemical compound O1C=COC=C1 KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMYOHQBLOZMDLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2-hydroxy-3-piperidin-1-ylpropoxy)phenyl]-3-phenylpropan-1-one Chemical compound C1CCCCN1CC(O)COC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 DMYOHQBLOZMDLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEZYHIPQRGTUDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[dithiocarboxy(methyl)amino]acetic acid Chemical compound SC(=S)N(C)CC(O)=O KEZYHIPQRGTUDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLFCXYJTVFTNRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-4-(furan-2-yl)pyrimidine Chemical compound ClC1=NC=CC(C=2OC=CC=2)=N1 BLFCXYJTVFTNRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBYMUDUGTIKLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SBYMUDUGTIKLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYUNTGBISCIYPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroprop-2-enenitrile Chemical compound ClC(=C)C#N OYUNTGBISCIYPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940054266 2-mercaptobenzothiazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001967 Metal rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001079 Thiokol (polymer) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GOKIPOOTKLLKDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;iron Chemical compound [Fe].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O GOKIPOOTKLLKDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;nickel Chemical compound [Ni].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- HOQPTLCRWVZIQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-H bis[[2-(5-hydroxy-4,7-dioxo-1,3,2$l^{2}-dioxaplumbepan-5-yl)acetyl]oxy]lead Chemical compound [Pb+2].[Pb+2].[Pb+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O HOQPTLCRWVZIQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RECCKCFXMJNLFO-ZVGUSBNCSA-L cobalt(2+);(2r,3r)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O RECCKCFXMJNLFO-ZVGUSBNCSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LHEFLUZWISWYSQ-CVBJKYQLSA-L cobalt(2+);(z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound [Co+2].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O LHEFLUZWISWYSQ-CVBJKYQLSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GAYAMOAYBXKUII-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);dibenzoate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GAYAMOAYBXKUII-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SCNCIXKLOBXDQB-UHFFFAOYSA-K cobalt(3+);2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound [Co+3].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O SCNCIXKLOBXDQB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- PFQLIVQUKOIJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) formate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O PFQLIVQUKOIJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- PUHAKHQMSBQAKT-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;butanoate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CCCC([O-])=O.CCCC([O-])=O PUHAKHQMSBQAKT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PEVZEFCZINKUCG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;octadecanoate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O PEVZEFCZINKUCG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- AFZSMODLJJCVPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzothiazol-2-yl disulfide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(SSC=3SC4=CC=CC=C4N=3)=NC2=C1 AFZSMODLJJCVPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJKFBLLIOVQLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dibenzoyloxymercury Chemical compound [Hg+2].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 FJKFBLLIOVQLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000024693 gingival disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QZWHQSRWOYUNFT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hexadecanoate;lead(2+) Chemical compound [Pb+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O QZWHQSRWOYUNFT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- WHRBSMVATPCWLU-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+);triformate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O WHRBSMVATPCWLU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- XMFOQHDPRMAJNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(ii,iv) oxide Chemical compound O1[Pb]O[Pb]11O[Pb]O1 XMFOQHDPRMAJNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- BRMYZIKAHFEUFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L mercury diacetate Chemical compound CC(=O)O[Hg]OC(C)=O BRMYZIKAHFEUFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYQNWZOUAUKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzone Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1OCC1=CC=CC=C1 VYQNWZOUAUKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940078494 nickel acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JMWUYEFBFUCSAK-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);octadecanoate Chemical compound [Ni+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O JMWUYEFBFUCSAK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NAVSKFYJNZQECG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel;propanoic acid Chemical compound [Ni].CCC(O)=O NAVSKFYJNZQECG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001794 pinus palustris tar oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperylene Natural products CC=CC=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007965 rubber solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver acetate Chemical compound [Ag+].CC([O-])=O CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940071536 silver acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ORYURPRSXLUCSS-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver;octadecanoate Chemical compound [Ag+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O ORYURPRSXLUCSS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000001508 sulfur Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiram Chemical compound CN(C)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(C)C KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002447 thiram Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P29/00—Preparation of compounds containing a naphthacene ring system, e.g. tetracycline
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Description
Vulkaniserbar kautsjukkomposisjon og anvendelse derav. Vulcanizable rubber composition and use thereof.
Denne oppfinnelse angår den oppgave This invention relates to that task
å bringe kautsjuk til å henge fast til metall. Spesielt angår oppfinnelsen nye preparater som kan bringes til å adhere direkte til metall og nye fremgangsmåter i denne forbindelse. to cause rubber to adhere to metal. In particular, the invention relates to new preparations which can be made to adhere directly to metal and new methods in this connection.
Det er før blitt anvendt metallorganiske forbindelser, deriblandt tungmetallsal-ter av fettsyrer, eller såper, for å befordre kautsjuks vedhengning til metall. Men ad-hesjonsgraden av kautsjuk, som inneholder slike forbindelser, til metallet er ikke så stor som det kan ønskes for mange formål, særlig hvor kautsjukken skal forbindes med metalltråder, for å danne lag i hjulringer. Det er meget viktig at forbindelsen mellom kautsjuklagmaterialet og trådlaget er så sterk og fleksibel som mulig, for at det skal unngås for tidlig tæring av stammen og at hjulringen ikke skal slå feil når den anvendes. Dette problem er særlig viktig når det gjelder lastebilhjulringer som er utsatt for sterke påkjenninger og store hastigheter som bevirker stor varmeutvik-ling på grunn av at lagene bøyes hurtig. På den annen side kan metallorganiske forbindelser lett anvendes sammen med kautsjuk, og det ville være meget ønskelig å kunne benytte dem i mange tilfelle. Et hovedformål for oppfinnelsen er derfor å skaffe en fremgangsmåte som forbedrer adhesjon til metall under anvendelse av metallorganiske stoffer. Organometallic compounds have previously been used, including heavy metal salts of fatty acids, or soaps, to promote the adhesion of rubber to metal. But the degree of adhesion of rubber containing such compounds to the metal is not as great as might be desired for many purposes, especially where the rubber is to be connected with metal threads, to form layers in wheel rims. It is very important that the connection between the rubber layer material and the wire layer is as strong and flexible as possible, so that premature corrosion of the stem is avoided and that the wheel ring does not fail when it is used. This problem is particularly important when it comes to lorry wheel rims which are exposed to strong stresses and high speeds which cause great heat development due to the layers being bent quickly. On the other hand, organometallic compounds can easily be used together with rubber, and it would be very desirable to be able to use them in many cases. A main purpose of the invention is therefore to provide a method which improves adhesion to metal using organometallic substances.
Et videre formål er å skaffe et kautsjukpreparat som kan forbindes direkte med metall under dannelse av en fleksibel og sterk forbindelse. Det søkes også skaffet et kautsjukpreparat som kan benyttes som klebe- eller bindemiddel mellom kautsjuk-materialer og metaller. A further object is to provide a rubber preparation which can be connected directly to metal forming a flexible and strong connection. It is also sought to obtain a rubber preparation that can be used as an adhesive or binding agent between rubber materials and metals.
Oppfinnelsen skal bli forklart nærmere i den følgende beskrivelse, hvor det hen-vises til tegningen hvor The invention shall be explained in more detail in the following description, where reference is made to the drawing where
fig. 1 er et perspektivriss, delvis i snitt, av en hjulring hvor oppfinnelsen er anvendt, og fig. 1 is a perspective view, partly in section, of a wheel ring where the invention is applied, and
fig. 2 er et perspektivriss, delvis i snitt, av en isolert elektrisk ledning, hvor oppfinnelsen er benyttet. fig. 2 is a perspective view, partly in section, of an insulated electric wire, where the invention is used.
Det har vist seg at hvis man partielt kalsinerer en metallorganisk forbindelse, inkorporerer en mindre mengde av denne delvis kalsinerte metallorganiske forbindelse i et vulkaniserbart kautsjukpreparat, og deretter vulkaniserer kautsjukpreparatet i berøring med en metallflate, får man en fleksibel og sterk forbindelse mellom kautsjuk og metall. Alternativt kan den delvis kalsinerte metallorganiske forbindelse avsettes i form av et tynt lag på metall- eller kautsjukflaten, kautsjuk eller metall anbringes på denne flate, og det It has been found that if one partially calcines an organometallic compound, incorporates a small amount of this partially calcined organometallic compound into a vulcanizable rubber preparation, and then vulcanizes the rubber preparation in contact with a metal surface, a flexible and strong connection between rubber and metal is obtained. Alternatively, the partially calcined organometallic compound can be deposited in the form of a thin layer on the metal or rubber surface, rubber or metal is placed on this surface, and the
hele deretter vulkaniseres. En annen fremgangsmåte til å feste kautsjuk til metall the whole is then vulcanized. Another method of attaching rubber to metal
består i å fremstille et kautsjukklebe- eller consists of producing a rubber adhesive
-bindemiddel som inneholder den delvis kalsinerte metallorganiske forbindelse, belegge metall- eller kautsjukoverflaten med -binder containing the partially calcined organometallic compound, coating the metal or rubber surface with
klebemidlet, tørke hvis det behøves eller ønskes, bringe metallet og kautsjukken i berøring med klebelaget mellom dem, og vulkanisere klebelaget. the adhesive, dry if necessary or desired, bring the metal and rubber into contact with the adhesive layer between them, and vulcanize the adhesive layer.
Metallorganiske forbindelser som er blitt delvis kalsinert og som anvendes til å forbedre kautsjuks vedhengning til metall kan være en hvilken som helst metallorganisk forbindelse som kan bli partielt kalsinert ved opphetning i luft slik at det oppnås en partiell oksydasjonstilstand, alt-så ikke fullstendig oksydasjon, hvor en del av det eller de opprinnelige organiske radikaler i molekylet er bibeholdt. Metall-atomet (-atomene) i den organiske forbindelse kan være et hvilket som helst metall, men for at de beste resultater skal oppnås foretrekkes det flerverdige tungmetaller, som kobolt, kobber, jern, bly, kvikksølv og nikkel. Det eller de organiske parti (er) eller radikal (er) i molekylet kan være av en hvilken som helst type, men det foretrekkes at det bare inneholder kullstoff, vannstoff og surstoff. Det foretrekkes ytterligere at den metallorganiske forbindelse er et tungmetallsalt av en organisk syre, spesielt salter av tungmetaller og alifatiske fettsyrer. De beste resultater oppnås hvis molekylets organiske kjede eller parti inneholder et litet antall av kullstoffatomer, slik at det finnes en for-holdsvis høy konsentrasjon av metallkom-ponenten i forbindelsen. Det kan anvendes blandinger av metallorganiske forbindelser, og disse kan kalsineres partielt i blanding med hverandre eller de kan kalsineres partielt enkeltvis og deretter blandes, før de inkorporeres i kautsjukken eller anvendes til å få kautsjuk til å henge fast til metallet. Som eksempler på egnede metallorganiske forbindelser som kan kalsineres partielt og anvendes i henhold til oppfinnelsen kan nevnes koboltoacetat, koboltobensoat, koboltobutyrat, koboltocitrat, koboltofor-miat, koboltooleat, koboltotartrat, kupriacetat, kupribensoat, kupributyrat, kupri-stearat, ferriacetat, ferribensoat, ferrifor-miat, blyacetat, blycitrat, blypalmitat, kvikksølvacetat, kvikksølvbensoat, kvikk-sølvpropionat, nikkelacetat, nikkeloksalat, nikkelpropionat, nikkelstearat, sølvacetat, og liknende. Organometallic compounds which have been partially calcined and which are used to improve the adhesion of rubber to metal can be any organometallic compound which can be partially calcined by heating in air so that a partial oxidation state is obtained, i.e. not complete oxidation, where part of the original organic radical(s) in the molecule is retained. The metal atom(s) in the organic compound can be any metal, but for the best results to be achieved multivalent heavy metals such as cobalt, copper, iron, lead, mercury and nickel are preferred. The organic part(s) or radical(s) in the molecule can be of any type, but it is preferred that it only contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. It is further preferred that the organometallic compound is a heavy metal salt of an organic acid, especially salts of heavy metals and aliphatic fatty acids. The best results are obtained if the molecule's organic chain or part contains a small number of carbon atoms, so that there is a relatively high concentration of the metal component in the compound. Mixtures of organometallic compounds can be used, and these can be partially calcined in mixture with each other or they can be partially calcined individually and then mixed, before being incorporated into the rubber or used to make the rubber adhere to the metal. As examples of suitable organometallic compounds which can be partially calcined and used in accordance with the invention, cobalt acetate, cobalt benzoate, cobalt butyrate, cobalt citrate, cobalt formate, cobalt oleate, cobalt tartrate, cupric acetate, cupric benzoate, cupric butyrate, cupric stearate, ferric acetate, ferric benzoate, ferric formate can be mentioned miate, lead acetate, lead citrate, lead palmitate, mercuric acetate, mercuric benzoate, mercuric propionate, nickel acetate, nickel oxalate, nickel propionate, nickel stearate, silver acetate, and the like.
De metallorganiske forbindelser kalsineres i luft, surstoff eller i annen oksyde-rende gass ved en slik temperatur og i så lang tid at forbindelsen blir delvis kalsinert eller oksydert. Alt etter hvor sterk kalsineringsgrad man ønsker å oppnå kan man variere temperaturen og behand-lingstiden, når forbindelsen ikke blir omdannet helt til oksyd. Man kan således be-handle den metallorganiske forbindelse slik at en mindre eller en større mengde av dens organiske og/eller metall-komponent oksyderes, og at alt eller deler av eventuelt til stede værende hydratvann fjernes. De beste resultater fås ved opphetning under forbindelsens antennelsespunkt. Som et eksempel på en egnet fremgangsmåte til partiell kalsinering av en metallorganisk forbindelse som er meget nyttig når kautsjuk skal bringes til å henge fast ved metall, kan nevnes opphetning av koboltacetat (ca. 2,5 kg) i en panne i luft ved 150— 170° C i 24—72 timer. Tid og temperatur vil naturligvis variere etter mengden, tyk-kelsen og den kjemiske sammensetning av det spesielle stoff som kalsineres. The organometallic compounds are calcined in air, oxygen or in another oxidizing gas at such a temperature and for such a long time that the compound is partially calcined or oxidized. Depending on how strong a degree of calcination you want to achieve, you can vary the temperature and treatment time, when the compound is not completely converted to oxide. One can thus treat the organometallic compound so that a smaller or larger amount of its organic and/or metal component is oxidized, and that all or parts of any hydrate water present is removed. The best results are obtained by heating below the ignition point of the compound. As an example of a suitable method for the partial calcination of an organometallic compound which is very useful when rubber is to be made to adhere to metal, mention may be made of heating cobalt acetate (approx. 2.5 kg) in a pan in air at 150— 170° C for 24-72 hours. Time and temperature will of course vary according to the quantity, thickness and chemical composition of the particular substance being calcined.
Selv meget små mengder, beregnet på vekten av til stede værende kautsjuk, av den delvis kalsinerte metallorganiske forbindelse vil gi noen forbedring av kautsjukkens vedhengning til metallunderlaget. Eksempelvis gir 0,1 vektpst. delvis kalsinert metallorganisk forbindelse en betydelig økjning av den nevnte vedhengning. Mengder på opp til 10 vektspst. vil gi betydelig økning av vedhengningen. Men det ønskes ikke å gå meget over 10 vektpst. da slike egenskaper som strekkfastheten o.s.v. hos selve kautsjukpreparatet kan nedset-tes noe. De beste resultater fås ved å anvende ca. 1—4 vektpst. av den delvis kalsinerte metallorganiske forbindelse, beregnet på kautsjukvekten. Even very small amounts, calculated on the weight of rubber present, of the partially calcined organometallic compound will provide some improvement in the adhesion of the rubber to the metal substrate. For example, 0.1 wt. partially calcined organometallic compound a significant increase in said attachment. Quantities of up to 10 wt. will give a significant increase in attachment. But you don't want to go much over 10% by weight. then such properties as the tensile strength etc. with the rubber preparation itself can be reduced somewhat. The best results are obtained by using approx. 1-4 wt. of the partially calcined organometallic compound, calculated on the rubber weight.
Kautsjukken eller kautsjukmateriale som skal forenes med metallunderlaget kan være enhver vulkaniserbar, naturlig fore-kommende råkautsjuk, f. eks. kautsjuk som hovedsakelig er en kautsjukpolymer av isopren eller lignende, eller slike syntetiske kautsjukker som f. eks. polymere av åpen-kjedede konjugerte diener som inneholder fra 4 til 8 kullstoffatomer, f. eks. butadien-1,3-kullvannstoffer, deriblant butadien-1,3; isopren, 2,3-dimetylbutadien-l,3, 1,4-dimetylbutadien-1,3; piperylen og liknende; klor-butadien-1,3, og blandinger av disse; eller sampolymere av disse og liknende materialer med hverandre eller med slike sampolymeriserbare monomere stoffer som isobutylen, styrol, metylstyrol, klorstyrol, akrylnitril, metakrylnitril, alfa-klorakrylnitril, metylakrylat, etylakrylat, butylakrylat, metylmetakrylat, etylmeta-krylat, 2-vinylpyridin og liknende stoffer og blandinger derav, som f. eks. slike polymere som fås ved å sampolymerisere 3, 4 eller flere monomere, f. eks. den polymere som fås ved å sampolymerisere butadien-1,3, styrol og akrylnitril. I de foregående kau ts jukker utgjør den konjugerte dien The rubber or rubber material to be joined to the metal substrate can be any vulcanizable, naturally occurring raw rubber, e.g. rubber which is mainly a rubber polymer of isoprene or the like, or such synthetic rubbers as e.g. polymers of open-chain conjugated dienes containing from 4 to 8 carbon atoms, e.g. butadiene-1,3 hydrocarbons, including butadiene-1,3; isoprene, 2,3-dimethylbutadiene-1,3, 1,4-dimethylbutadiene-1,3; piperylene and the like; chloro-butadiene-1,3, and mixtures thereof; or copolymers of these and similar materials with each other or with such copolymerizable monomeric substances as isobutylene, styrene, methylstyrene, chlorostyrene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, alpha-chloroacrylonitrile, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, 2-vinylpyridine and similar substances and mixtures thereof, such as such polymers obtained by copolymerizing 3, 4 or more monomers, e.g. the polymer obtained by copolymerizing butadiene-1,3, styrene and acrylonitrile. In the previous sections, juk makes up the conjugate die
som regel minst 50 vektpst. av den sampolymere, fortrinsvis 55—85 pst., resten er usually at least 50% by weight. of the copolymer, preferably 55-85 percent, the rest is
den eller de sampolymeriserbare olefinmo-nomere. Eksempler på slike sampolymere er de som inneholder butadien-1,3 og styrol hvor dienet er til stede i en mengde av ca. 55—85 vektpst., eller butadien-1,3 og akrylnitril hvor dienet er til stede i en mengde av 55—65 vektpst. Det kan også anvendes andre kautsjukpolymere som f. eks. «butyl»-kautsjuk, som inneholder ca. 97'/, pst. isobutylen og resten isopren, de the copolymerizable olefin monomer(s). Examples of such copolymers are those containing butadiene-1,3 and styrene where the diene is present in an amount of approx. 55-85% by weight, or butadiene-1,3 and acrylonitrile where the diene is present in an amount of 55-65% by weight. Other rubber polymers can also be used, such as e.g. "Butyl" rubber, which contains approx. 97'/, part isobutylene and the rest isoprene, de
olefinpolysulfidpolymere som i handelen kalles «Thiokol»-kautsjuk, polyakrylater som er dannet ved homo- og sampolymeri-sering av alkylakrylater eller av alkylakrylater og alkyl-alkakrylater, og polymere som inneholder en vulkaniserbar -COOH- eller -COOR- gruppe dannet f. eks. ved sampo-lymerisering av en åpenkjedet konjugert dien med en umettet olefin-karbonsyre, eller ved reaksjon mellom en polymer dien og et karboksylerende middel, så det fås en karbooksylholdig polymer. Kautsjukak-tige materialer som er dannet ved reaksjon mellom et diisocyanat og en med et hy-droksyl avsluttet polyester fra kondense-ring av en dikarbonsyre og en glykol og med en glykol, kan anvendes i den foreliggende oppfinnelse. Det kan også benyttes blandinger av de her angitte kautsjuk-arter. Blandt de forskjellige kautsjukker som kan benyttes er det å foretrekke å anvende de med svovel vulkaniserbare kautsjukker, naturlige eller syntetiske, som er blitt behandlet (brutt ned, plastisert eller på annen måte behandlet i luft) og/eller som inneholder en mjeget liten mengde f rit svovel (ikke bundet og i overskudd til det som behøves for vulkanisering) basert på mengden av til stede værende kautsjuk, for at de beste adhesjonsresultater skal oppnås. I stedet for svovel kan det anvendes en svovelholdig gruppe eller en forbindelse som leverer svovel eller en svovelholdig gruppe. olefin polysulfide polymers known in the trade as "Thiokol" rubber, polyacrylates formed by homo- and copolymerization of alkyl acrylates or of alkyl acrylates and alkyl alkacrylates, and polymers containing a vulcanizable -COOH- or -COOR- group formed e.g. . by copolymerization of an open-chain conjugated diene with an unsaturated olefinic carboxylic acid, or by reaction between a polymeric diene and a carboxylating agent, so that a carboxyl-containing polymer is obtained. Rubber-like materials which are formed by reaction between a diisocyanate and a polyester terminated with a hydroxyl from the condensation of a dicarboxylic acid and a glycol and with a glycol, can be used in the present invention. Mixtures of the rubber types specified here can also be used. Among the various rubbers that can be used, it is preferable to use those vulcanizable rubbers with sulfur, natural or synthetic, which have been treated (degraded, plasticized or otherwise treated in air) and/or which contain a very small amount of rit sulfur (unbound and in excess of what is needed for vulcanization) based on the amount of rubber present, in order to achieve the best adhesion results. Instead of sulfur, a sulfur-containing group or a compound that supplies sulfur or a sulfur-containing group can be used.
Den delvis kalsinerte metallorganiske forbindelse kan lett settes til eller blandes med kautsjukmaterialet i en kautsjukmøl-le, en banburyblander eller liknende. Den kan også dispergeres i vandige dispersjo-ner av kautsjuk eller lateks og koaguleres sammen med kautsjukken, eller den kan dispergeres i kautsjuk som er blitt oppløst i et kautsjukoppløsningsmiddel, når det skal fremstilles dyppede produkter, klebestoffer eller bindemidler. The partially calcined organometallic compound can be easily added to or mixed with the rubber material in a rubber mill, a banbury mixer or the like. It can also be dispersed in aqueous dispersions of rubber or latex and coagulated together with the rubber, or it can be dispersed in rubber that has been dissolved in a rubber solvent, when dipping products, adhesives or binders are to be produced.
Slike tilsetningsstoffer som vanlig anvendes i kautsjukindustrien kan også med fordel settes til kautsjukpreparatet, f. eks. akselereratorer, antioksydasj onsmidler, bakterisider og liknende, fargepigmenter, strekkemidler, forsterkende pigmenter, mykningsmidler, vulkaniseringsmidler, o.s.v. Som eksempler på nyttige forbindelser av denne art kan nevnes fenyl-beta-naftylamin (Age Rite Powder), aldol-alfa-naftylamin (Age Rite Resin), 2-merkapto-bensotiazoldisulfid (Altax), polymerisert trimetyl-dihydrokinolin (Age Rite Resin D), N-cyklo-heksyl-2-merkapto-bensotia-zol-disulfenamid, polyaralkylerte fenoler (Spar), 2-merkaptobensoetiazol (Captax), felt silisiumdioksyd, felt kalsiumsilikat, sink-salt av merkaptobensoetiazol, rødt jernoksyd, sinkoksyd, magnesia, titandiok-syd, gult jernoksyd, kiselsyre, «Monox»-eller silisiummonoksyd, leire, kjønrøk, stearinsyre, cellulosefnokker, heksametylente-tramin, svovel, furutjæreolje, paraflux, tungolje, tetrametyltiuramdisulfid, kalsi-umhydroksyd, trietyltrimetylentriamin og svovel, trietylentetramin og svovel, natri-ummeta-silikat-pentahydrat, rødt blyok-syd og parakinondioksin, naturlige og kun-stige harpikser o.s.v. Bestanddelene som blandes sammen anvendes i slike mengder at man oppnår de ønskede egenskaper hos det resulterende vulkanisat. Such additives as are commonly used in the rubber industry can also be advantageously added to the rubber preparation, e.g. accelerators, antioxidants, bactericides and the like, color pigments, stretching agents, reinforcing pigments, softeners, vulcanizing agents, etc. Examples of useful compounds of this kind include phenyl-beta-naphthylamine (Age Rite Powder), aldol-alpha-naphthylamine (Age Rite Resin), 2-mercapto-benzothiazole disulphide (Altax), polymerized trimethyl-dihydroquinoline (Age Rite Resin D ), N-cyclohexyl-2-mercapto-benzothiazole-disulfenamide, polyaralkylated phenols (Spar), 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (Captax), fused silica, fused calcium silicate, zinc salt of mercaptobenzothiazole, red iron oxide, zinc oxide, magnesia, titanium dioxide, yellow iron oxide, silicic acid, "Monox" or silicon monoxide, clay, carbon black, stearic acid, cellulose flakes, hexamethylenetetramine, sulfur, pine tar oil, paraflux, heavy oil, tetramethylthiuram disulfide, calcium hydroxide, triethyltrimethylenetriamine and sulfur, triethylenetetramine and sulfur, sodium metasilicate pentahydrate, red lead oxide and paraquinone dioxin, natural and artificial resins, etc. The components that are mixed together are used in such quantities that the desired properties of the resulting vulcanizate are achieved.
Metallflaten som kautsjukpreparatet, som inneholder den delvis kalsinerte metallorganiske forbindelse, skal anbringes på bør være ren, dvs. at den skal være fri for smuss, oksyder, rust, skaller, olje og fett, men ellers behøver den ikke å være preparert på noen spesiell måte før den anvendes. Metallet som kautsjukken skal forbindes med kan være et hvilket som helst metall. De beste forbindelser oppnås imidlertid med kobber, jern, bly, tinn og sink, samt med legeringer av disse metaller. Ennvidere kan underlagsmetallet være belagt med et annet metall ved hjelp av overtrekking, elektroplettering, varmdyp-ping eller liknende. Det derav resulterende belegg kan være tykt eller tynt, kontinuerlig eller diskontinuerlig, ettersom det ønskes. Fremgangsmåten til å belegge metaller eller metallegeringer med et annet metall eller med en annen legering er godt kjent. The metal surface on which the rubber preparation, which contains the partially calcined organometallic compound, is to be applied should be clean, i.e. it must be free of dirt, oxides, rust, scales, oil and grease, but otherwise it does not need to be prepared in any special way way before it is used. The metal to which the rubber is to be connected can be any metal. However, the best compounds are obtained with copper, iron, lead, tin and zinc, as well as with alloys of these metals. Furthermore, the substrate metal can be coated with another metal by means of coating, electroplating, hot dipping or the like. The resulting coating may be thick or thin, continuous or discontinuous, as desired. The method of coating metals or metal alloys with another metal or with another alloy is well known.
Etter at kausjukpreparatet som inneholder den delvis kalsinerte metallorganiske forbindelse samt tilsetningsstoffer er blitt fremstillet kan det anbringes direkte på den rensede metallflate og vulkaniseres fast til denne ved hjelp av varme og trykk. Som nevnt ovenfor kan det for å binde sammen kautsjuk og metall anvendes klebe- eller bindemidler, men et trekk ved oppfinnelsen består deri at man kan unn-late å belegge med det klebende belegg. Hvis det f. eks. skal fremstilles trådlag-materiale for hjuringer kan kautsjukmaterialet kalanderes direkte til trådlagma-terialene, hvorved man unngår å dyppe og tørke, og å anvende utstyr som ellers er nødvendig når klebestoffer benyttes. Imidlertid kan klebe- og bindemidler i henhold til oppfinnelsen med fordel benyttes til å forene kautsjuk med en metallflate. Den delvis kalsinerte metallorganiske forbindelse kan påføres i form av et støv på kautsjuk- eller metallflater, som deretter føres sammen og det hele vulkaniseres. Det delvis kalsinerte materiale binder kautsjukken sammen med metallet når vulkaniseringen foregår. After the caustic preparation containing the partially calcined organometallic compound and additives has been produced, it can be placed directly on the cleaned metal surface and vulcanized firmly to it by means of heat and pressure. As mentioned above, adhesives or binding agents can be used to bind rubber and metal together, but a feature of the invention consists in the fact that coating with the adhesive coating can be omitted. If it e.g. If wire layer material is to be produced for harrows, the rubber material can be calendered directly to the wire layer materials, thereby avoiding dipping and drying, and the use of equipment that is otherwise necessary when adhesives are used. However, adhesives and binders according to the invention can be advantageously used to unite rubber with a metal surface. The partially calcined organometallic compound can be applied in the form of a dust to rubber or metal surfaces, which are then brought together and the whole vulcanized. The partially calcined material binds the rubber together with the metal when vulcanization takes place.
Det kan fremstilles mange nyttige produkter ved å anvende preparatet og fremgangsmåten i henhold til oppfinnelsen. Det kan f. eks. fremstilles hjulringer for tungtrafikk, som har sterke og flek-sible lag. Fig. 1 viser en representativ, slangeløs hjulring hvor 1 betegner sliteba-nematerialet som ved vulkanisering er blitt forbundet med ett eller flere lag av kalanderte kautsjuktrådlag 2—2, hvor kautsjukken inneholder en delvis kalsinert metallorganisk forbindelse av foran angitt art. Lagenes ender kan vikles omkring metalltråder 3 som danner vulstene 4—4 som kan være impregnert med det klebende preparat i henhold til oppfinnelsen. Hjulringens sidevegger er generelt betegnet med tallene 5—5. En praktisk talt for luft ugjennomtrengelig foring 6 av f. eks. et «butyl»-kautsjukpreparat, en sampolymer av en overveiende mengde isobutylen og resten isopren, som eventuelt kan inne-holde gjenvunnet «butyl» eller brominert butyl, kan dekke hele hjulringens inner-side og eventuelt endog strekke seg helt til tåen 7 og helen 8 av vulsten, så det fås en lufttett forsegling. Den aksiale ytter-flate av vulstpartiet kan ha ribber 9 som forløper kontinuerlig rundt hele hjulringens omkrets, og hindrer lekkasje av luft fra hjulringen forbi vulstpartiet, og også inntrengning av stoffer fra yttersiden. Ribbene kan modifiseres på i teknikken vel kjente måter. Hvis det ønskes kan et kautsjukpreparat som forsegler mot punkte-ring anbringes i hjulringens indre krone-parti 10, ved siden av laget 6 og stort sett under det område som dekkes av sliteba-nen, smalnende litt nedover langs et parti av sideveggene. Many useful products can be produced by using the preparation and the method according to the invention. It can e.g. manufactures wheel rings for heavy traffic, which have strong and flexible layers. Fig. 1 shows a representative, tubeless wheel rim where 1 denotes the tread material which, by vulcanization, has been connected with one or more layers of calendered rubber wire layers 2-2, where the rubber contains a partially calcined metal-organic compound of the type indicated above. The ends of the layers can be wrapped around metal wires 3 which form the beads 4-4 which can be impregnated with the adhesive preparation according to the invention. The sidewalls of the wheel rim are generally designated by the numbers 5-5. A practically air-impermeable lining 6 of e.g. a "butyl" rubber preparation, a copolymer of a predominant amount of isobutylene and the remainder isoprene, which may optionally contain recovered "butyl" or brominated butyl, may cover the entire inner side of the wheel ring and possibly even extend all the way to the toe 7 and heel 8 of the bead, so an airtight seal is obtained. The axial outer surface of the bead portion may have ribs 9 which extend continuously around the entire circumference of the wheel ring, and prevent leakage of air from the wheel ring past the bead portion, and also the penetration of substances from the outside. The ribs can be modified in ways well known in the art. If desired, a rubber compound that seals against punctures can be placed in the inner crown part 10 of the wheel ring, next to the layer 6 and largely below the area covered by the tread, tapering slightly downwards along part of the side walls.
Slike hjulringer kan fremstilles ved å anvende konvensjonelle fremgangsmåter for bygging av slangeløse hjulringer. Det kan også fremstilles andre hjulringer, f. eks. slike som anvender innerslanger, i i hvilke det finnes trådnetting som er forbundet med kautsjuk som inneholder en delvis kalsinert metallorganiske forbindelse, samt innerslanger hvis det ønskes å forsterke disse med metalltrådduk. Ennvidere er oppfinnelsen ikke begrenset til bruk ved pneumatiske hjulringer eller slanger, men kan også anvendes til frem-stilling av andre produkter. Fig. 2 viser en elektrisk ledning 20 av kobber eller annet metall som er utstyrt med en utpres-set og vulkanisert kappe 21 av et kautsjukpreparat som inneholder en delvis kalsinert metallorganisk forbindelse, som forbedrer kappens vedhengning til ledningen. Oppfinnelsen kan også finne anvendelse hos metall-kautsjukgjenstander som mo-tormonteringer, skjærløse lågere, torsjons-fjærer, drivremmer, trykkvalser, metalltråd som er forsterket med flettet omhyl-ling, elektriske avisningsanordninger, sko-heler, og i det hele tatt hvor det ønskes å feste kautsjuk til metall på en slik måte at det fåes en fleksibel og sterk forbindelse mellom dem. Such wheel rims can be produced by using conventional methods for building tubeless wheel rims. Other wheel rings can also be produced, e.g. those that use inner hoses, in which there is wire mesh connected to rubber containing a partially calcined organometallic compound, as well as inner hoses if it is desired to reinforce these with metal wire cloth. Furthermore, the invention is not limited to use with pneumatic wheel rings or hoses, but can also be used for the manufacture of other products. Fig. 2 shows an electric wire 20 of copper or other metal which is equipped with an extruded and vulcanized sheath 21 of a rubber preparation containing a partially calcined metal-organic compound, which improves the attachment of the sheath to the wire. The invention can also find application in metal-rubber objects such as motor mounts, shearless bearings, torsion springs, drive belts, pressure rollers, metal wire reinforced with braided sheathing, electric de-icing devices, shoe heels, and in general wherever desired to attach rubber to metal in such a way that a flexible and strong connection is obtained between them.
De følgende eksempler illustrerer oppfinnelse nærmere. The following examples illustrate the invention in more detail.
Eksempel 1. Example 1.
Ca. 2,5 kg hydratisert koboltacetat (Co(CH3COO)2 . 4H20) blev i en panne an-brakt i en elektrisk ovn med åpen tilgang av luft og opphetet i 24 timer ved 160° C, slik at stoffet blev lett kalsinert. Deretter blev 2 vektdeler av dette stoff blandet i en kautsjukmølle, med 100 vektdeler behandlet naturkautsjuk, 4,5 vektdeler svovel og andre hensiktsmessige tilsetnings-midler som f. eks. kjønrøk, sinkoksyd, anti-oksyderingsmiddel, akselerator og plasti-seringsmiddel, i de vanlige mengder. Det blev fremstilt liknende preparater hvor det delvis kalsinerte koboltacetat var erstattet med hydratisert koboltacetat eller med vannfritt koboltacetat. Det blev også fore-tatt en kontrollprøve uten noe innhold av kobolt. Preparatene var da ferdige til å undersøkes med hensyn til deres vedheng-ningsevne til metalltråd. About. 2.5 kg of hydrated cobalt acetate (Co(CH3COO)2 . 4H20) was placed in a pan in an electric oven with open access to air and heated for 24 hours at 160° C, so that the substance was easily calcined. Then 2 parts by weight of this substance were mixed in a rubber mill, with 100 parts by weight of treated natural rubber, 4.5 parts by weight of sulfur and other appropriate additives such as e.g. carbon black, zinc oxide, antioxidant, accelerator and plasticizer, in the usual amounts. Similar preparations were made where the partially calcined cobalt acetate was replaced with hydrated cobalt acetate or with anhydrous cobalt acetate. A control sample was also taken without any cobalt content. The preparations were then ready to be examined with regard to their ability to adhere to metal wire.
Tråden, som bestod av ikke belagt, rent tvunnet stål, 7 x 3 x 0,0058" med en kor-dellslagning på 0,270" og en kabelslagning på 0,730" blev kuttet til 22,7 cm lengder. De ikke forhåndsformede ender av tråden blev loddet fast til individuelle trådender som blev bøyet ut. Deretter blev de for rust og oksydskaller rensede tråder be-fridd for fett og olje ved å bestrykes med etylendiklorid. Seks tråder, med en inn-byrdes avstand av 2,52 cm blev innleiret i en blokk på 13,12 x 2, 52 x 2,52 cm av de ovennevnte kautsjukpreparater. Blokkene blev vulkanisert i en platepresse i 60 min. ved 137,7° C og fikk modne ved romtempe-ratur i 24 timer. Deretter blev det av hver blokk utskåret prøvestykker til anvendelse i en 250 punds Scott-strekkemaskin, i hvilken den øvre kjeve var blitt endret slik at den hadde en plate eller et vinkeljern - stykke som holdt kautsjukprøvestykket slik at dette ikke kunne utføre noen rela-tivbevegelse og som var utstyrt med en spalte gjennom hvilken trådens ende ra-ket og blev grepet av maskinens nedre kjeve. Hvert prøvestykke blev så under-søkt i maskinen ved at man trakk metall-tråden fra kautsjukblokken, med en kjeve-hastighet av 2,52 cm/min, og den maksi-male belastning (i pund) som var nødven-dig for å trekke tråden fri blev nedtegnet som adhesjon og er angitt i den følgende tabell A. The wire, which consisted of uncoated, clean twisted steel, 7 x 3 x 0.0058" with a cord pitch of 0.270" and a cable pitch of 0.730" was cut into 22.7 cm lengths. The non-preformed ends of the wire were soldered to individual wire ends which were bent out. Then the wires, cleaned of rust and oxide scales, were freed of grease and oil by being coated with ethylene dichloride. Six wires, spaced 2.52 cm apart, were embedded in a 13.12 x 2.52 x 2.52 cm block of the above rubber preparations. The blocks were vulcanized in a plate press for 60 min at 137.7° C and allowed to mature at room temperature for 24 hours. each block cut test pieces for use in a 250 pound Scott stretching machine, in which the upper jaw had been modified to have a plate or angle iron piece which held the rubber test piece so that it could perform no relative movement and was equipped with a slot through which the end of the thread raked and was caught by the machine's lower jaw. Each specimen was then examined in the machine by pulling the metal wire from the rubber block, with a jaw speed of 2.52 cm/min, and the maximum load (in pounds) required to pull the thread free was recorded as adhesion and is indicated in the following table A.
Dette eksempel viser, at selv en svak kalsinering av koboltacetatet gir en betydelig økning av det vulkaniserte kaut-sjukpreparatets vedhengning til metallflater. Ennvidere hang det fast kautsjuk-partikler til metalltråd som blev revet løs fra de med lett kalsinert koboltacetat behandlede prøver, mens de andre tråder var rene. Dette viser at i noen grad er forbindelsen mellom metall og kautsjukpreparat som inneholder delvis kalsinert koboltacetat sterkere enn selve kautsjukmas-sen. This example shows that even a weak calcination of the cobalt acetate gives a significant increase in the adhesion of the vulcanized gum disease preparation to metal surfaces. Furthermore, there were solid rubber particles attached to metal wires which were torn loose from the samples treated with lightly calcined cobalt acetate, while the other wires were clean. This shows that to some extent the connection between metal and rubber preparation containing partially calcined cobalt acetate is stronger than the rubber compound itself.
Eksempel 2. Example 2.
Forsøket liknet forsøk 1, med den unntakelse at en særskilt porsjon av koboltacetat blev opphetet ved ca. 160° C i 72 timer slik at det blev sterkt kalsinert og mere av det resulterende produkt blev oksydert. En annen porsjon av koboltacetatet blev oksydert fullstendig. Deretter blev 2 vektdeler av det sterkt kalsinerte koboltacetat blandet med 100 vektdeler behandlet naturkautsjuk, 2,5 vektdeler svovel og andre vanlige tilsetningsstoffer, som kjønrøk, sinkoksyd, stearinsyre, antioksy-deringsmiddel, akselerator og plastiserings-middel i de vanlige mengder, og vulkanisert sammen med en med sink tykt elek-troplettert tvunnet ståltråd, i stedet for den ikke galvaniserte tråd i eks. 1. På liknende måte blev det fremstilt preparater i hvilke det blev anvendt oksydert, vannfritt, hydratisert og lett kalsinert koboltacetat, som blev vulkanisert fast til den galvaniserte tråd. Man fikk følgende resultater. The experiment was similar to experiment 1, with the exception that a separate portion of cobalt acetate was heated at approx. 160° C for 72 hours so that it was strongly calcined and more of the resulting product was oxidized. Another portion of the cobalt acetate was oxidized completely. Then 2 parts by weight of the highly calcined cobalt acetate were mixed with 100 parts by weight of treated natural rubber, 2.5 parts by weight of sulfur and other common additives, such as carbon black, zinc oxide, stearic acid, antioxidant, accelerator and plasticizer in the usual quantities, and vulcanized together with a zinc-thick electro-plated twisted steel wire, instead of the non-galvanized wire in e.g. 1. In a similar way, preparations were made in which oxidised, anhydrous, hydrated and lightly calcined cobalt acetate was used, which was vulcanized firmly to the galvanized wire. The following results were obtained.
Dette eksempel viser, at ytterligere kalsinering av koboltforbindelsen gir en betydelig økning i kautsjukkens vedhengning til metall, men at fullstendig kalsinering av koboltforbindelsen ikke er ønskelig da dette bevirker et virkelig tap i vedhengningen eller iallfall ikke noen særlig forbedring sammenliknet med den prøve i hvilken det ikke blev anvendt noen adhesjonsforbedrende koboltforbindelse. This example shows that further calcination of the cobalt compound gives a significant increase in the adhesion of the rubber to metal, but that complete calcination of the cobalt compound is not desirable as this causes a real loss in adhesion or at least no particular improvement compared to the sample in which it is not some adhesion-improving cobalt compound was used.
Alle de uttrukne metalltråder var rene for All the extracted metal wires were clean too
kautsjuk, unntatt i de tilfeller hvor kautsjukken inneholdt svakt eller sterkt kalsinert koboltacetat. Dette viser igjen at styrken av den forbindelse som oppnås ved å anvende delvis kalsinert koboltacetat er større enn den som selve kautsjukmas-sen har. rubber, except in cases where the rubber contained weakly or strongly calcined cobalt acetate. This again shows that the strength of the compound obtained by using partially calcined cobalt acetate is greater than that of the rubber compound itself.
Hvis de delvis kalsinerte koboltforbin-delser i de foranstående eksempler blev If the partially calcined cobalt compounds in the preceding examples remained
erstattet med delvis kalsinert koboltbuty-rat,- bensoat, -citrat,- formiat eller -tart-rat, blev det oppnådd liknende forbedrin-ger sammenliknet med bruk av de tilsvarende ikke kalsinerte koboltforbindeiser. replaced with partially calcined cobalt butyrate, benzoate, citrate, formate or tartrate, similar improvements were achieved compared to using the corresponding uncalcined cobalt compounds.
Likeledes ga anvendelse av delvis kalsinert kupriacetat eller -bensoat, ferribensoat, blyacetat, merkuribensoat, nikkeloksalat og sølvstearat betydelig forbedring av kautsjukpreparatenes vedhengning til metaller, sammenliknet med bruk av de tilsvarende ikke kalsinerte eller fullstendig kalsinerte metallorganiske forbindelser. Likewise, the use of partially calcined cupric acetate or benzoate, ferric benzoate, lead acetate, mercury benzoate, nickel oxalate and silver stearate significantly improved the adhesion of the rubber preparations to metals, compared to the use of the corresponding non-calcined or fully calcined organometallic compounds.
Ennvidere blev kauts jukpreparater som inneholdt delvis kalsinert koboltacetat kalandert mot tvunnet ståltrådkord så man fikk trådlag som blev bygget inn i lastebilhjulringer og vulkanisert. Lande-veisforsøk med slike hjulringer viste at disse hadde øket nyttig levetid, idet det ikke opptrådte noen tæring av eller at-skillelse av lagene etter måneders tung Furthermore, kauts juke preparations containing partially calcined cobalt acetate were calendered against twisted steel wire cord to obtain wire layers that were built into truck wheel rims and vulcanized. Road tests with such wheel rings showed that these had increased useful life, as no corrosion of or separation of the layers occurred after months of heavy
drift, sammenliknet med hjulringer i hvis operation, compared to wheel rings in if
lag det var anvendt kautsjuk som ikke teams that used rubber that did not
inneholdt delvis kalsinert koboltacetat. contained partially calcined cobalt acetate.
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse viser alt-så alt i alt at bruk av delvis kalsinerte The present invention shows, all in all, that the use of partially calcined
metallorganiske forbindelse gir betydelig organometallic compounds give significant
forbedring av kautsjukmaterialers vedhengning til metaller eller metallflater, improving the adhesion of rubber materials to metals or metal surfaces,
sammenliknet med hva som kan oppnås compared to what can be achieved
ved å anvende kalsinerte eller fullstendig by using calcined or complete
kalsinerte metallorganiske forbindelser. calcined organometallic compounds.
De metallorganiske forbindelser kan være The organometallic compounds can be
lett eller kraftig kalsinert, så lenge de lightly or heavily calcined, as long as they
ikke blir fullstendig omdannet til oksyd-form eller fullstendig kalsinert. Ved ut-førelse av oppfinnelsen kan mange delvis is not completely converted into oxide form or completely calcined. When carrying out the invention, many can partially
kalsinerte metallorganiske forbindelser calcined organometallic compounds
anvendes i meget små mengder, sammenliknet med mengden av den benyttede used in very small amounts, compared to the amount used
kautsjuk, og gir øket adhesjon av kautsjuk til mange metalloverflater, slik at de rubber, and gives increased adhesion of rubber to many metal surfaces, so that they
resulterende gjenstanders generelle egenskaper forbedres og gjenstandene kan resulting items' general properties improve and the items can
finne øket anvendelse. find increased use.
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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GB526363A GB1016961A (en) | 1963-02-08 | 1963-02-08 | New high yielding methods for producing oxytetracycline |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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NO121389B true NO121389B (en) | 1971-02-22 |
Family
ID=9792802
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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NO15186964A NO121389B (en) | 1963-02-08 | 1964-02-05 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AT (1) | AT256337B (en) |
CH (1) | CH430053A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1301004B (en) |
DK (1) | DK114893B (en) |
ES (1) | ES296142A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1016961A (en) |
LU (1) | LU45372A1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL6400925A (en) |
NO (1) | NO121389B (en) |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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BE533886A (en) * | 1953-12-04 | |||
GB787368A (en) * | 1954-12-07 | 1957-12-04 | Bristol Lab Inc | Production of tetracycline by fermentation |
FR1279456A (en) * | 1960-11-10 | 1961-12-22 | Oxytetracycline production process |
-
1963
- 1963-02-08 GB GB526363A patent/GB1016961A/en not_active Expired
-
1964
- 1964-02-03 DK DK51264A patent/DK114893B/en unknown
- 1964-02-05 NL NL6400925A patent/NL6400925A/xx unknown
- 1964-02-05 ES ES0296142A patent/ES296142A1/en not_active Expired
- 1964-02-05 NO NO15186964A patent/NO121389B/no unknown
- 1964-02-06 DE DE1964P0033540 patent/DE1301004B/en active Pending
- 1964-02-06 LU LU45372D patent/LU45372A1/xx unknown
- 1964-02-07 CH CH146764A patent/CH430053A/en unknown
- 1964-02-07 AT AT99564A patent/AT256337B/en active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ES296142A1 (en) | 1964-08-16 |
LU45372A1 (en) | 1964-04-06 |
GB1016961A (en) | 1966-01-12 |
NL6400925A (en) | 1964-08-10 |
DK114893C (en) | 1975-04-07 |
AT256337B (en) | 1967-08-10 |
DE1301004B (en) | 1969-08-14 |
CH430053A (en) | 1967-02-15 |
DK114893B (en) | 1969-08-18 |
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