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NO119618B - - Google Patents

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Publication number
NO119618B
NO119618B NO66165379A NO16537966A NO119618B NO 119618 B NO119618 B NO 119618B NO 66165379 A NO66165379 A NO 66165379A NO 16537966 A NO16537966 A NO 16537966A NO 119618 B NO119618 B NO 119618B
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NO
Norway
Prior art keywords
oil
fuel
weight
polyamine
soluble
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Application number
NO66165379A
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Norwegian (no)
Inventor
K Troth
J Featherstone
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Shell Nv
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Publication date
Application filed by Shell Nv filed Critical Shell Nv
Publication of NO119618B publication Critical patent/NO119618B/no

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    • C10L1/196Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
    • C10L1/1963Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof mono-carboxylic
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    • C10L1/1973Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid mono-carboxylic
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Description

Brennstoff for motorer med kompresjonstenning.Fuel for engines with compression ignition.

Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører et forbedret brennstoff for motorer med kompresjonstenning, som nedsetter mengden av ekshaustgasser. The present invention relates to an improved fuel for engines with compression ignition, which reduces the amount of exhaust gases.

Den moderne, kompakte, hurtigløpende, høy-effektive kjøretøymotor med kompresjonstenning (eller dieselmotor) som i løpet av det siste tiår er blitt stadig mer konkurransedyktig sammenlignet med bensinmotoren, har en tendens til å utvikle mere ekshaustgass enn dens større, langsommere og relativt lav-effek-tive forgjenger, særlig under forhold som oppstår ved høy be-lastning. Til tross for oppmerksomheten som motorfabrikantene har viet dette problem, har det store antall dieselmotorer som nå finnes på veiene, skapt et dieselekshaust-røkproblem som an- The modern, compact, fast-running, high-efficiency compression-ignition vehicle engine (or diesel engine) that has become increasingly competitive over the past decade compared to the gasoline engine tends to develop more exhaust gas than its larger, slower, and relatively low- effective predecessors, especially under conditions that occur with high loads. Despite the attention engine manufacturers have given to this problem, the large number of diesel engines now on the road has created a diesel exhaust fume problem which an-

går ikke bare dem som bruker slike motorer, men også offentlig-heten . goes not only those who use such engines, but also the public.

I henhold til et aspekt ved den foreliggende oppfinnelse omfatter et brennstoff som er egnet for anvendelse i motorer med kompresjonstenning en hovedmengde av en hydrokarbonolje, som definert senere, og mindre mengder av både et askefritt oljeopp-løselig dispergeringsmiddel og et cykloalkylnitrat med 5-8 karbonatomer, og eventuelt kan brennstoffet også inneholde en mindre mengde av et oljeoppløselig, normalt eller basisk barium-, kalsium-, strontium- eller magnesiumsalt av en petroleumsulfonsyre. According to one aspect of the present invention, a fuel suitable for use in compression ignition engines comprises a major amount of a hydrocarbon oil, as defined later, and minor amounts of both an ashless oil-soluble dispersant and a cycloalkyl nitrate of 5-8 carbon atoms , and optionally the fuel may also contain a small amount of an oil-soluble, normal or basic barium, calcium, strontium or magnesium salt of a petroleum sulphonic acid.

Det har vist seg at det tidligere nevnte brennstoff nedsetter utviklingen av dieselekshaustgasser når de anvendes i hurtigløpende dieselmotorer. It has been shown that the previously mentioned fuel reduces the development of diesel exhaust gases when used in high-speed diesel engines.

Et annet aspekt ved den foreliggende oppfinnelse tilveiebringer et middel for tilvirkning av det ovennevnte brennstoff, som omfatter et askefritt, oljeoppløselig dispergeringsmiddel, et cykloalkylnitrat og eventuelt et oljeoppløselig, normalt eller basisk barium-, kalsium, strontium- eller magnesiumsalt av en petroleumsulfonsyre, og en væske som anvendes som bæremiddel. Another aspect of the present invention provides a means for the production of the above-mentioned fuel, which comprises an ashless, oil-soluble dispersant, a cycloalkyl nitrate and optionally an oil-soluble, normal or basic barium, calcium, strontium or magnesium salt of a petroleum sulphonic acid, and a liquid used as a carrier.

I foreliggende beskrivelse betyr uttrykket "hydro-karbonol je" en hydrokarbonolje som har et kokepunkt ved atmosfæretrykk på minst 140°c. En slik olje vil i alminnelighet, men ikke nødvendigvis, være en blanding av hydrokarboner som fåes fra petroleum. Oppfinnelsen er særlig fordelaktig for hydrokarbon-ol je som koker i området 150° til 390° , spesielt 160°C til 375°C, og i særdeleshet 175° - 370°C, da disse er områdene som anvendes ved moderne, hurtigløpende, høy-effektive kjøretøy-dieselmotorer. In the present description, the term "hydrocarbon oil" means a hydrocarbon oil which has a boiling point at atmospheric pressure of at least 140°c. Such an oil will generally, but not necessarily, be a mixture of hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. The invention is particularly advantageous for hydrocarbon oil boiling in the range 150° to 390°, especially 160°C to 375°C, and in particular 175° - 370°C, as these are the ranges used in modern, fast-running, high - efficient vehicle diesel engines.

Det askefrie oljeoppløselige dispergeringsmiddel kan være en kopolymer med oleofile grupper og polare grupper, eller forbindelse som består av en lang hydrokarbonkjede med 30-200 karbonatomer, hvortil det er knyttet en eller flere polare grupper, idet denne forbindelse ikke kan oppfattes som en kopolymer av to forskjellige monomerer. The ash-free oil-soluble dispersant can be a copolymer with oleophilic groups and polar groups, or a compound consisting of a long hydrocarbon chain with 30-200 carbon atoms, to which one or more polar groups are attached, as this compound cannot be perceived as a copolymer of two different monomers.

Eksempler på kopolymere dispergeringsmidler er kopolymerer av en polar monomer med en olefinisk umettet dobbelt-binding og oksygen og/eller nitrogen i den polare gruppe og en oleofil monomer som kan være et a-olefinisk umettet hydrokarbon med 8-30 karbonatomer, en umettet karboksylsyre-ester, f.eks. en ester av akrylsyre eller metakrylsyre og en mettet alifatisk alkohol med 1-50, fortrinnsvis 6-30, karbonatomer, eller et reaksjonsprodukt av denne. Eksempler på egnede polare monomerer, fra hvilke de kopolymere dispergeringsmidler kan avledes, er N-vinylpyrrolidon, vinylpyridinene og umettede estere med frie hydroksyl- og/eller aminogrupper som polare grupper. Examples of copolymer dispersants are copolymers of a polar monomer with an olefinic unsaturated double bond and oxygen and/or nitrogen in the polar group and an oleophilic monomer which can be an α-olefinic unsaturated hydrocarbon with 8-30 carbon atoms, an unsaturated carboxylic acid ester, e.g. an ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and a saturated aliphatic alcohol with 1-50, preferably 6-30, carbon atoms, or a reaction product thereof. Examples of suitable polar monomers, from which the copolymer dispersants can be derived, are N-vinylpyrrolidone, the vinylpyridines and unsaturated esters with free hydroxyl and/or amino groups as polar groups.

Kopolymerer med fri hydroksylpolaritet kan også fåes fra vinylestere av mettede karboksylsyrer, f.eks. vinylacetat ved hydrolyse etter kopolymerisering med egnede monomerer som gjør dem oljeoppløselig, f.eks. a - olefiner. Eksempler på kopolymerer som er basert på slike polare monomerer og en oleofil monomer som hører til klassen a -olefinisk umettede hydrokarboner er kopolymerer som fåes fra vinylacetat og ceten-1. Copolymers with free hydroxyl polarity can also be obtained from vinyl esters of saturated carboxylic acids, e.g. vinyl acetate by hydrolysis after copolymerization with suitable monomers that make them oil-soluble, e.g. a - olefins. Examples of copolymers which are based on such polar monomers and an oleophilic monomer belonging to the class α -olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbons are copolymers obtained from vinyl acetate and cetene-1.

Eksempler på kopolymerer basert på slike polare monomerer og umettede estere av en umettet alifatisk karboksylsyre og en mettet alkohol med 1-50, fortrinnsvis 6-30, karbonatomer er kopolymerer av vinylpyrrolidon, laurylmetakrylat og stearylmetakrylat, kopolymerer av 2-vinyl-5-metylpyridin og metylmetakry-lat, laurylmetakrylat og stearylmetakrylat, og kopolymerer av 2-hydroksyetylmetakrylat med laurylmetakrylat og stearylmetakrylat. Examples of copolymers based on such polar monomers and unsaturated esters of an unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid and a saturated alcohol with 1-50, preferably 6-30, carbon atoms are copolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone, lauryl methacrylate and stearyl methacrylate, copolymers of 2-vinyl-5-methylpyridine and methyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate and stearyl methacrylate, and copolymers of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate with lauryl methacrylate and stearyl methacrylate.

Den foretrukne klasse oljeoppløselige askefrie dispergeringsmidler er klassen som utgjøres av forbindelser som består av en lang hydrokarbonkjede med 30-200 karbonatomer til hvilken det er knyttet én eller flere polare grupper. Disse polare grupper kan være en gruppe med minst ett basisk nitrogenatom, slik som et dimetylaminopropyl-radikal eller et polyalkylen-polyamino-radikal eller et radikal som inneholder minst to hydroksylgrupper eller som inneholder både hydroksylgrupper og nitrogengrupper, f.eks. sorbitol eller tris (hydroksymetyl).aminome-tan, og disse er i alminnelighet knyttet til hydrokarbonkjeden med 30-200 karbonatomer via en mellomliggende gruppe slik som en ravsyre-gruppe eller succinimid-gruppe. Foretrukne dispergeringsmidler som hører til denne klasse er reaksjonsproduktene mellom et polyamin - som her definert - og en ravsyre (eller et funksjonelt derivat av denne) som har en i alt vesentlig alifatisk hydrokarbongruppe med fra 30-200 karbonatomer som substituent på et a-karbonatom. The preferred class of oil-soluble ashless dispersants is the class consisting of compounds consisting of a long hydrocarbon chain of 30-200 carbon atoms to which is attached one or more polar groups. These polar groups can be a group with at least one basic nitrogen atom, such as a dimethylaminopropyl radical or a polyalkylene-polyamino radical or a radical containing at least two hydroxyl groups or containing both hydroxyl groups and nitrogen groups, e.g. sorbitol or tris (hydroxymethyl).aminomethane, and these are generally linked to the hydrocarbon chain with 30-200 carbon atoms via an intermediate group such as a succinic acid group or succinimide group. Preferred dispersants belonging to this class are the reaction products between a polyamine - as defined here - and a succinic acid (or a functional derivative thereof) which has an essentially aliphatic hydrocarbon group with from 30-200 carbon atoms as a substituent on an α-carbon atom.

I foreliggende beskrivelse har uttrykket "funksjonell", når det brukes som en del av uttrykket "funksjonelt derivat" den betydning det er tillagt i Handbook for Chemical Society Authors, Special Publication No. 14, Second Edition, 1961 på side 107 f.f. In the present specification, the term "functional", when used as part of the term "functional derivative" has the meaning assigned to it in the Handbook for Chemical Society Authors, Special Publication No. 14, Second Edition, 1961 on page 107 ff.

Polyamin-reaksjonsprtneren har den generelle formelThe polyamine reaction pattern has the general formula

1 2 1 2

hvor R og R er alkylen eller alkyl-substituerte alkylenradi-where R and R are alkylene or alkyl-substituted alkylene radi-

3 4 3 4

kaler med opp til 7 karbonatomer; R og R er hydrogenatomer, alkylgrupper med opp til 7 karbonatomer eller amino-substituerte alkylgrupper, aminosubstituentene omfatter alkylendiaminer eller polyalkylenpolyaminer hvor alkylengruppen inneholder opp til 7 karbonatomer, og n er fra 0 til 5. Derfor omfatter polyamin-reaksjonsprtneren som er tenkt brukt ved foreliggende oppfinnelse enkle diaminer, f.eks. etylendiamin, propylendiamin, butylendiamin og pentylendiamin; polyalkylenpolyaminer som f.eks. dietylentri-amin, trietylentetramin, tetraetylenpentamin, pentaetylenheksamin, di (metyletylen)triamin, dibutylentriamin, tributylentetramin og dipentylenheksamin; dialkylaminoalkylaminer, som f.eks. dimetyl-aminometylamin, dimetylaminoetylamin, dimetylaminopropylamin, dimetylaminobutylamin; primære-tertiære aminer, f.eks. tris (2-aminoetyl)amin og primære-sekundære-tertiære aminer, f.eks. tris ( 2-imino-4-aminobutyl) amin, dvs. (NH2. CH2. CH2. NH . CI^.CH^^N. cals with up to 7 carbon atoms; R and R are hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups with up to 7 carbon atoms or amino-substituted alkyl groups, the amino substituents include alkylenediamines or polyalkylene polyamines where the alkylene group contains up to 7 carbon atoms, and n is from 0 to 5. Therefore, the polyamine reaction pattern intended to be used in the present invention includes invention simple diamines, e.g. ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, butylenediamine and pentylenediamine; polyalkylene polyamines such as e.g. diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine, di(methylethylene)triamine, dibutylenetriamine, tributylenetetramine and dipentylenehexamine; dialkylaminoalkylamines, such as e.g. dimethylaminomethylamine, dimethylaminoethylamine, dimethylaminopropylamine, dimethylaminobutylamine; primary-tertiary amines, e.g. tris (2-aminoethyl)amine and primary-secondary-tertiary amines, e.g. tris (2-imino-4-aminobutyl) amine, i.e. (NH 2 . CH 2 . CH 2 . NH . CI^.CH^^N.

Polyamin-reaksjonspartneren kan være en blanding av polyaminer, hvor hver bestanddel er et polyamin med den tidligere nevnte generelle formel. Det er ønskelig at polyaminene inneholder primære, sekundære og basiske tertiære nitrogenatomer. Polyaminblandinger som omfatter polyetylenpolyaminer, i særdeleshet tetraetylenpentamin, kan anvendes. Polyetylenpolyaminer om-tales mer detaljert i kapitlet "Ethylene Amines" i Kirk and Othmer, "Encyclopendia of Chemical Technology", Interscince Publishers, New York (1950) Vol. 5. pp. 898-905. Disse forbinel-sene fremstilles mest hensiktsmessig ved reaksjon mellom etylendiklorid og ammoniakk. Denne fremgangsmåte resulterer i fremstilling av en sammensatt blanding av etylenaminer (polyetylenpolyaminer) og cykliske kondensasjonsprodukter som piperaziner, The polyamine reaction partner may be a mixture of polyamines, each component being a polyamine of the aforementioned general formula. It is desirable that the polyamines contain primary, secondary and basic tertiary nitrogen atoms. Polyamine mixtures comprising polyethylene polyamines, in particular tetraethylenepentamine, can be used. Polyethylene polyamines are discussed in more detail in the chapter "Ethylene Amines" in Kirk and Othmer, "Encyclopendia of Chemical Technology", Interscience Publishers, New York (1950) Vol. 5. pp. 898-905. These compounds are most conveniently produced by reaction between ethylene dichloride and ammonia. This process results in the production of a complex mixture of ethylene amines (polyethylene polyamines) and cyclic condensation products such as piperazines,

og disse blandingene kan anvendes ved fremstillingen av polyamin-reaks jonsprodukter som er nyttige for formålet med foreliggende oppfinnelse. Rene polyetylenpolyaminer kan imidlertid anvendes hvis det er ønsket. Et hensiktsmessig polyetylenpolyamin som er billig å fremstille og virkningsfullt i bruk er en blanding av etylenaminer fremstilt ved reaksjonen mellom etylendiklorid og ammoniakk, dette har en sammensetning som svarer til sammenet-ningen av tetraetylenpentamin og er hendelsvare under handels- and these mixtures can be used in the preparation of polyamine reaction products which are useful for the purpose of the present invention. However, pure polyethylene polyamines can be used if desired. A suitable polyethylene polyamine that is cheap to produce and effective in use is a mixture of ethylene amines produced by the reaction between ethylene dichloride and ammonia, this has a composition that corresponds to the composition of tetraethylene pentamine and is a commercial product

navnet "Polyamin H".the name "Polyamine H".

Fortrinnsvis har ravsyre-reaksjonspartneren (eller det funksjonelle derivat av denne) en polymer av et C2_^-olefin som den i alt vesentlige alifatiske hydrokarbongruppe med 30-200 karbonatomer. Eksempler på slike olefiner er etylen, propylen, 1-buten, 2-buten, iso-buten og blandinger av disse. Polymerisa-sjon av olefin-enhetene kan utføres ved hjelp av en hvilken som helst av de kjente fremgangsmåter. Den fremstilte polymer kan ha en molekylvekt i området 400-3000, og polymerer med molekyl-vekter i området 900-1200 avledet av iso-buten foretrekkes. Preferably, the succinic acid reaction partner (or the functional derivative thereof) has a polymer of a C 2 - 4 -olefin as the principal aliphatic hydrocarbon group of 30-200 carbon atoms. Examples of such olefins are ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, iso-butene and mixtures of these. Polymerization of the olefin units can be carried out using any of the known methods. The produced polymer can have a molecular weight in the range 400-3000, and polymers with molecular weights in the range 900-1200 derived from iso-butene are preferred.

Det anvendes fortrinnsvis et funksjonelt derivat av ravsyre-reaksjonspartneren, og det foretrukne derivat er anhy-drideto Dette fremstilles lett sbm det ukatalyserte reaksjonsprodukt mellom et polyolefin og maleinsyreanhydrid, og dannelsen av polyisobuten-ravsyreanhydrid ved denne reaksjonen er omtalt i litteraturen. A functional derivative of the succinic acid reaction partner is preferably used, and the preferred derivative is anhydride. This is easily produced as the uncatalyzed reaction product between a polyolefin and maleic anhydride, and the formation of polyisobutene succinic anhydride by this reaction is discussed in the literature.

Reaksjonen mellom polyamin-reakspnspartneren og den substituerte ravsyre (eller dens funksjonelle derivat), er inn-viklet og sammensetningen av reaksjonsproduktet kjennes ikke med sikkerhet. I allefall synes de følgende muligheter å foreligge: hvor R er hydrokarbonsubstituenten på et a-karbonatom i ravsyren eller ravsyreanhydridet og X.NI^ betyr et polyamin, som definert ovenfor. The reaction between the polyamine reaction partner and the substituted succinic acid (or its functional derivative) is complicated and the composition of the reaction product is not known with certainty. In any case, the following possibilities seem to exist: where R is the hydrocarbon substituent on an α-carbon atom in the succinic acid or succinic anhydride and X.NI^ means a polyamine, as defined above.

Av de foregående reaksjonsmuligheter fremgår det at dannelsen av amid, diamid og imid er mulig. Da polyaminet kan inneholde flere enn ett primært nitrogenatom, er dannelsen av like mange imider som det er primære nitrogenatomer til stede i det anvendte polyamin mulig, særlig når det er anvendt et over-skudd av hydrokarbon-substituert ravsyre (eller dens funksjonelle derivat) dvs. i en mengde som er større enn 1 mol pr. primært nitrogenatom i polyaminet. Data som fåes fra infrarød- og nitrogengruppe-analyse av reaksjonsproduktene mellom polyaminer og hydrokarbonsubstituerte ravsyrer (eller deres funksjonelle deri-vater) - som beskrevet ovenfor - er i overensstemmelse med nærvær av amider, diamider, imider og di-imider i reaksjonsblandingen. From the preceding reaction possibilities, it appears that the formation of amide, diamide and imide is possible. As the polyamine can contain more than one primary nitrogen atom, the formation of as many imides as there are primary nitrogen atoms present in the polyamine used is possible, especially when an excess of hydrocarbon-substituted succinic acid (or its functional derivative) has been used, i.e. .in an amount greater than 1 mol per primary nitrogen atom in the polyamine. Data obtained from infrared and nitrogen group analysis of the reaction products between polyamines and hydrocarbon-substituted succinic acids (or their functional derivatives) - as described above - are consistent with the presence of amides, diamides, imides and di-imides in the reaction mixture.

Det fremgår også av de foregående reaksjonsmuligheter at vann dannes som ett av reaksjonsproduktene. Ved fremstilling av polyamin-reaksjonsprodukter som er egnet for formålene ved den foreliggende oppfinnelse, må dette vannet fjernes, f.eks. ved azeotrop destillasjon. Temperaturer som er egnet for reaksjonen er i området 50-260°C, og temperaturer i området 100-260°C brukes fortrinnsvis, da dannelsen av succinimider synes å være begunstiget i dette området. It also appears from the preceding reaction possibilities that water is formed as one of the reaction products. When producing polyamine reaction products which are suitable for the purposes of the present invention, this water must be removed, e.g. by azeotropic distillation. Temperatures suitable for the reaction are in the range 50-260°C, and temperatures in the range 100-260°C are preferably used, as the formation of succinimides appears to be favored in this range.

Forholdet mellom den substituerte ravsyre-reaksjonsprtneren (eller dens funksjonelle derivat) og polyamin-reaksjonspartneren kan variere mellom så lite som 0,5 mol syre pr. mol polyamin til 1 eller flere mol syre pr. primært nitrogenatom i polyaminet. Når det brukes polyaminblandinger av handelsvare, fåes gode resultater ved anvendelse av syre/polyaminforhold i området 1:1 til 2,5:1 mol syre til polyamin. The ratio of the substituted succinic acid reactant (or its functional derivative) to the polyamine reactant can vary between as little as 0.5 moles of acid per mol of polyamine to 1 or more mol of acid per primary nitrogen atom in the polyamine. When commercial polyamine mixtures are used, good results are obtained by using acid/polyamine ratios in the range of 1:1 to 2.5:1 mol acid to polyamine.

Polyamin-reaksjonsprodukter av den tidligere nevnte type som er nyttige for formålene ved eten foreliggende oppfinnelse kan fåes som handelsprodukter. Eksempler på slike er materialene som selges under de registrerte varemerker "Lubrizol 894" og "Oronite 1200" og som bestrå av tilnærmet 70 vekt% av polyamin-reaks jonsprodukt i en hydrokarbonbære-olje. Skjønt sammensetningen av disse materialer ikke kjennes med sikkerhet, er data fra infrarød- og nitrogengruppe-analyse og andre analytiske data i overensstemmelse med det syn at de inneholder cykliske imider og diimider som er avledet av polyisobutenylravsyre-anhydrider og polyaminer som definert ovenfor, polyaminene er en blanding som omfatter tetraetylenpentamin og polyaminer som inneholder primære, sekundære og tertiære nitrogenatomer„ Polyamine reaction products of the previously mentioned type which are useful for the purposes of the present invention can be obtained as commercial products. Examples of such are the materials that are sold under the registered trademarks "Lubrizol 894" and "Oronite 1200" and which consist of approximately 70% by weight of polyamine reaction product in a hydrocarbon carrier oil. Although the composition of these materials is not known with certainty, data from infrared and nitrogen group analysis and other analytical data are consistent with the view that they contain cyclic imides and diimides derived from polyisobutenylsuccinic anhydrides and polyamines as defined above, the polyamines being a mixture comprising tetraethylenepentamine and polyamines containing primary, secondary and tertiary nitrogen atoms„

Det askefrie, oljeoppløselige dispergeringsmiddel kan anvendes i mengder i området 20-5000 ppm, fortrinnsvis 20-1000 ppm og særlig foretrukket 50-250 ppm, basert på vekten av hydro-karbonol jen. The ashless, oil-soluble dispersant can be used in amounts in the range of 20-5000 ppm, preferably 20-1000 ppm and particularly preferably 50-250 ppm, based on the weight of the hydrocarbon oil.

De foretrukne cykloalkylnitrater med 5-8 karbonatomer er estere av cykloalifatiske alkoholer, spesielt cykloheksylnitrat. The preferred cycloalkyl nitrates of 5-8 carbon atoms are esters of cycloaliphatic alcohols, especially cyclohexyl nitrate.

Det kan anvendes cykloalkylnitratmengder i området 0,005 til 0,25 vekt% på basis av hydrokarbonoljen, men det foretrekkes mengder i området 0,005-0,15 vekt%, særlig mengder i området 0,005-0,075 vekt%, dvs. i mengder som ikke vil kunne forbedre brennstoffets tenningsegenskaper. Amounts of cycloalkyl nitrate in the range 0.005 to 0.25% by weight can be used on the basis of the hydrocarbon oil, but amounts in the range 0.005-0.15% by weight are preferred, particularly amounts in the range 0.005-0.075% by weight, i.e. in amounts that will not improve the ignition properties of the fuel.

De oljeoppløselige petroleumsulfonsyresalter som er egnet som valgfrie bestanddeler av et brennstoff i henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse, er fortrinnsvis basiske. De kalles basiske, da de synes å inneholde mer enn én ekvivalent metall pr. sulfonsyregruppe. De kan fremstilles ved en hvilken som helst kjent fremgangsmåte. Metallene som inngår i disse forbindelser, er fortrinnsvis barium eller kalsium. The oil-soluble petroleum sulfonic acid salts which are suitable as optional components of a fuel according to the present invention are preferably basic. They are called basic, as they appear to contain more than one equivalent metal per sulfonic acid group. They can be produced by any known method. The metals included in these compounds are preferably barium or calcium.

Petroleumsulfonsyrena kan fremstilles ved behandling av en smøreolje-fraksjon med sulfonsyre eller svoveltrioksyd. The petroleum sulphonic acids can be produced by treating a lubricating oil fraction with sulphonic acid or sulfur trioxide.

Den ovenfor definerte gruppe metallforbindelser kan anvendes i konsentrasjoner som svarer til et metallinnhold i brennstoffet fra 0,001 vekt% til 2,0 vekt% metall, fortrinnsvi<s>s fra 0,01 til 0,5 vekt% og særlig foretrukket fra 0,01 til 0,25 vekt%, for å unngå mulige uønskede bivirkninger fra forbrenningskammer-avleiringer i noen motortyper. The group of metal compounds defined above can be used in concentrations that correspond to a metal content in the fuel from 0.001% by weight to 2.0% by weight metal, preferably from 0.01 to 0.5% by weight and particularly preferred from 0.01 to 0.25% by weight, to avoid possible unwanted side effects from combustion chamber deposits in some engine types.

Brennstoffer for motorer med kompresjonstenning i henhold til den foreliggende oppfinnelse kan også inneholde til-setningsstoffer som er egnet til å forbedre andre egenskaper ved brennstoffet. Det kan således settes til stoffer som vil nedsette den laveste temperaturen vedhvilken oljen vil strømme eller kunne helles når den avkjøles uten forstyrrelse ("pour point depressant"), slike stoffer er f.eks. kondensasjonsproduktet av en klorert voks, fenol og ftalylklorid; oksydasjonshindrende stoffer, f.eks. 2,6-ditertiærbutyl-4-metylfenol; korrosjons-hindrende midler, f.eks. kondensasjonsproduktet av et olefin og maleinsyreanhydrid; metall-desaktiviseringsmidler, f.eks. di-salisylaletylendiimin; smøremidler for den øvre del av sylinderen, Fuels for engines with compression ignition according to the present invention may also contain additives which are suitable for improving other properties of the fuel. Substances can thus be added which will reduce the lowest temperature at which the oil will flow or can be poured when it cools without disturbance ("pour point depressant"), such substances are e.g. the condensation product of a chlorinated wax, phenol and phthalyl chloride; anti-oxidation substances, e.g. 2,6-di-tertiarybutyl-4-methylphenol; corrosion-preventing agents, e.g. the condensation product of an olefin and maleic anhydride; metal deactivators, e.g. di-salicylaethylenediimine; lubricants for the upper part of the cylinder,

i in

f.eks. smøreoljer med passende viskositet og tilsetninger som vil nedsette lukten av ekshaustgassene. e.g. lubricating oils with suitable viscosity and additives that will reduce the smell of the exhaust gases.

Som nevnt ovenfor tilveiebringer foreliggende oppfinnelse også et middel for tilvirkning av det nevnte brennstoff. Dette har fortrinnsvis form av et konsentrat som omfatter et askefritt oljeoppløselig dispergeringsmiddel, et cykloalkylnitrat og eventuelt et oljeoppløselig petroliumsulfonsyresalt av barium, kalsium, strontium eller magnesium og et flytende bæremiddel.Bæremiddelvæsken kan være en hvilken som helst brennbar væske som er oppløselig i, eller blandbar med, hydrokarbonoljen som utgjør den vesentligste del av brennstoffet som tilveiebringes ved foreliggende oppfinnelse, f.eks. xylen, toluen, kerosin eller hydro-karbonol je som definert ovenfor, og konsentratet kan fremstilles ved å oppløse eller å dispergere en tilstrekkelig mengde av det før nevnte askefrie, oljeoppløselige dispergeringsmiddel, cykloalkylnitrat og, om ønskes, metall-forbindelsen i bæremiddelvæsken slik at, når konsentratet settes til hydrokarbonoljen som utgjør den vesentligste delen av brennstoffet i henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse, får det nevnte brennstoff et innhold av det askefrie oljeoppløselige dispergeringsmiddel i området 20-5000 ppm, fortrinnsvis 20-1000 ppm og særlig foretrukket 50-200 ppm; et innhold av cykloalkylnitrat i området 0,005-0,25 vekt% fortrinnsvis 0,005-0,15 vekt% og særlig foretrukket 0,005-0,075 vekt% og om ønskes, et innhold av barium, kalsium, strontium eller magnesium i området 0,001-2,0 vekt%, fortrinnsvis 0,01-0,5 vekt% og særlig foretrukket 0,01-0,25 vekt%. Det må legges merke til at mengden av bæremiddelvæske som anvendes ikke er kritisk for-utsatt at den er tilstrekkelig til å løse opp eller dispergere de ovenfor nevnte komponenter. Konsentratet kan således inneholde så lite som 10 vekt% bæremiddelvæske, men vil i alminnelighet inneholde mellom 30 og 80 vekt% bæremiddelvæske. Konsentratet kan også, om ønskes, inneholde slike stoffer som smøremidler for sylinderens øvre deler, antioksydasjonsmidler og stoffer som nedsetter lukten av eksthaustgassene. As mentioned above, the present invention also provides a means for the production of the aforementioned fuel. This preferably takes the form of a concentrate comprising an ashless oil-soluble dispersant, a cycloalkyl nitrate and optionally an oil-soluble petroleum sulphonic acid salt of barium, calcium, strontium or magnesium and a liquid carrier. The carrier liquid can be any flammable liquid that is soluble in, or miscible with with, the hydrocarbon oil which forms the most significant part of the fuel provided by the present invention, e.g. xylene, toluene, kerosene or hydrocarbon oil as defined above, and the concentrate may be prepared by dissolving or dispersing a sufficient amount of the aforementioned ashless, oil-soluble dispersant, cycloalkyl nitrate and, if desired, the metal compound in the carrier liquid so that, when the concentrate is added to the hydrocarbon oil which makes up the most significant part of the fuel according to the present invention, said fuel gets a content of the ash-free oil-soluble dispersant in the range 20-5000 ppm, preferably 20-1000 ppm and particularly preferably 50-200 ppm; a content of cycloalkyl nitrate in the range 0.005-0.25% by weight, preferably 0.005-0.15% by weight and particularly preferably 0.005-0.075% by weight and, if desired, a content of barium, calcium, strontium or magnesium in the range 0.001-2.0 % by weight, preferably 0.01-0.5% by weight and particularly preferably 0.01-0.25% by weight. It must be noted that the amount of carrier liquid used is not critical, provided that it is sufficient to dissolve or disperse the above-mentioned components. The concentrate can thus contain as little as 10% by weight carrier liquid, but will generally contain between 30 and 80% by weight carrier liquid. The concentrate can also, if desired, contain substances such as lubricants for the upper parts of the cylinder, antioxidants and substances that reduce the smell of the exhaust gases.

Tilsetning til en hydrokarbonolje som definert ovenfor, av et konsentrat som omfatter et askefritt, oljeoppløselig dispergeringsmiddel, et cykloalkylnitrat og eventuelt en forbindelse av barium, kalsium, strontium eller magnesium, tilveiebringer en fordelaktig og praktisk fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av et brennstoff i henhold til den foreliggende oppfinnelse, og konsentratet kan settes til hydrokarbonoljen ved blanding i en lagertank f.eks. ved et raffineri, et oljedepot eller en bensin-stasjon, eller i kjøretøyets brennstofftank, skjønt de 2, eventuelt 3, komponentene kan settes direkte til brennstoffet på en hvilken som helst av de ovenfor nevnte måter om ønskes. Ved noen anvendelser kan imidlertid en adskilt, samtidig tilsetning av konsentratet og hydrokarbonoljen til motorens forbrenningskammer være ønskelig. Konsentratet kan f.eks. føres til motorens forbrenningskammer (f.eks. sammen med luft) fra en beholder som måler ut konsentratet eller metallsaltet i en slik mengde at brennstoffet som føres inn i forbrenningskammeret vil ha innhold av dispergeringsmiddel, alkylnitrat og, hvis anvendt, metallsaltet i områdene som angitt ovenfor. Alternativt kan konsentratet settes til motorens brennstoffsystem enten før eller etter brenn-stoffpumpen. Andre metoder ved hvilke konsentratet kan tilføres forbrenningskammeret eller til brennstoffet før det når frem til forbrenningskammeret, vil være åpenbare for fagfolk. Addition to a hydrocarbon oil as defined above of a concentrate comprising an ashless oil-soluble dispersant, a cycloalkyl nitrate and optionally a compound of barium, calcium, strontium or magnesium provides an advantageous and practical method of producing a fuel according to the present invention invention, and the concentrate can be added to the hydrocarbon oil by mixing in a storage tank, e.g. at a refinery, an oil depot or a petrol station, or in the vehicle's fuel tank, although the 2, possibly 3, components can be added directly to the fuel in any of the above-mentioned ways if desired. In some applications, however, a separate, simultaneous addition of the concentrate and the hydrocarbon oil to the engine's combustion chamber may be desirable. The concentrate can e.g. fed to the engine's combustion chamber (e.g. together with air) from a container which meters out the concentrate or metal salt in such an amount that the fuel fed into the combustion chamber will contain dispersant, alkyl nitrate and, if used, the metal salt in the ranges indicated above. Alternatively, the concentrate can be added to the engine's fuel system either before or after the fuel pump. Other methods by which the concentrate may be added to the combustion chamber or to the fuel before it reaches the combustion chamber will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Foreliggende oppfinnelse illustreres nå med de følg-ende eksempler, hvor det henvises til to forsøksfremgangsmåter, •nemlig en oppvarmet kapillarrørprøve (som har vist seg å kunne gi en rask bestemmelse av et brennstoffs tendens til å forårsake blokkering av innsprøytningsdysen) og en motorprøve som simulerer forholdene ved et kjøretøy i bruk. The present invention is now illustrated with the following examples, where reference is made to two experimental methods, namely a heated capillary tube test (which has been shown to be able to provide a rapid determination of a fuel's tendency to cause blocking of the injection nozzle) and an engine test that simulates the conditions of a vehicle in use.

I den "oppvarmede kapillarrørprøve" ble 50 ml av brennstoffsammensetningen som skulle prøves, ledet med en hastig-het på 1 ml pr. min. gjennom et 35 cm langt glasskapillarrør som var oppvarmet ved atmosfæretrykk til 360°C, og deretter filtrert. Det er åpenbart at den mengde slam eller sot som utvikles ved dette forsøket, gir en indikasjon på brennstoffets tendens til å forårsake tilstopping av innsprøytingsdysen i en motor og følgelig forårsake overflødige ekshaustgasser. In the "heated capillary tube test", 50 ml of the fuel composition to be tested was directed at a rate of 1 ml per minute. my. through a 35 cm long glass capillary tube which had been heated at atmospheric pressure to 360°C, and then filtered. It is obvious that the amount of sludge or soot developed in this experiment gives an indication of the tendency of the fuel to cause clogging of the injection nozzle in an engine and consequently to cause excess exhaust gases.

For formålene ved denne prøven ble det valgt et basisbrennstoff som var en relativt høytkokende hydrokarbonolje som ga lite eller intet slam ved forsøket; på denne måten unngås i det vesentligste at basis-brennstoffet koker i kapillarrøret, som er under atmosfæretrykk, og forstyrrende bivirkninger unngåes. For the purposes of this test, a base fuel was chosen which was a relatively high boiling hydrocarbon oil which produced little or no sludge in the test; in this way, it is essentially avoided that the base fuel boils in the capillary tube, which is under atmospheric pressure, and disturbing side effects are avoided.

Eksempel IExample I

Til en del av basis-brennstoffet ble tilsatt 3500 ppm "Lubrizol 894" og 0,25 vekt% cykloheksylnitrat. Brennstoffsammensetningen i henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse som ble fremstilt på denne måte ble underkastet den "oppvarmede kapillarrør-prøve", og det dannet seg 300 mg sot eller slam pr. 100 ml. To a portion of the base fuel was added 3500 ppm "Lubrizol 894" and 0.25% by weight cyclohexyl nitrate. The fuel composition according to the present invention which was prepared in this way was subjected to the "heated capillary tube test", and 300 mg of soot or sludge was formed per 100 ml.

Eksempel IIExample II

Til en del av brennstoffsammensetningen fra eksempel I ble det tilsatt en metallforbindelse som er handelsvare og som omfatter bariumnaftasulfonat og bariumkarbonat, slik at brennstoff sammensetningen fikk et metallinnhold på 0,15 vekt%. Denne brennstoffsammensetning, som også er i henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse, ga enda mindre sot eller slam enn sammensetningen fra eksempel I. To part of the fuel composition from example I was added a metal compound which is a commercial product and which comprises barium naphthasulfonate and barium carbonate, so that the fuel composition had a metal content of 0.15% by weight. This fuel composition, which is also according to the present invention, gave even less soot or sludge than the composition from example I.

Eksempel III - VExample III - V

For sammenligning ble det fremstilt og prøvet brennstoff sammensetninger som ikke var i henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse. For comparison, fuel compositions that were not in accordance with the present invention were prepared and tested.

Eksempel III - basisbrennstoff + 3500 ppm "Lubrizol 894". Eksempel IV - basisbrennstoff + 0,25 vekt% cykloheksylnitrat. Eksempel V - basisbrennstoff + bariumsalt som i eksempel II Example III - base fuel + 3500 ppm "Lubrizol 894". Example IV - base fuel + 0.25% by weight cyclohexyl nitrate. Example V - base fuel + barium salt as in example II

til et metallinnhold på 0,15 vekt% i brennstoffet. to a metal content of 0.15% by weight in the fuel.

Sammensetningen i henhold til eksempel III ga mer slam eller sot enn noen av sammensetningene i henhold til oppfinnelsen fra eksempel I og II. Sammensetningen fra eksempel IV ga betraktelig mer sot eller slam enn noen av sammensetningene fra eksempel I til III, mens sammensetningen fra eksempel V ga enda mer sot eller slam enn sammensetningen fra eksempel IV. The composition according to Example III produced more sludge or soot than any of the compositions according to the invention from Examples I and II. The composition from Example IV produced considerably more soot or sludge than any of the compositions from Examples I to III, while the composition from Example V produced even more soot or sludge than the composition from Example IV.

Et brennstoff for motorer med kompresjonstenning i henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse bestående av et DERV-brennstoff (Diesel Engine Road Vehicle) som er handelsvare og som hadde et begynnelseskokepunkt på 194°c, et midlere kokepunkt på 278°C og et sluttkokepunkt på 364°C, til hvilket det var tilsatt 70 ppm "Lubrizol 894", 0,05 vekt% cykloheksylnitrat og 0,075 vekt% Ba som en handels vare-blanding av bariumnaftasulfonat og bariumkarbonat, ble prøvet i en motor på følgende måte. En 1-sylindret Gardner motor med en innsprøytningsklaring ved en veiv-vinkel på 15° før øvre dødpunkt kjøres med brennstoffet som prøv-es i 245 timer i henhold til en programmert cyklisk forsøksfrem-gangsmåte. Forsøksperioden omfattet en daglig stans som varte 1 time. Arbeidscyklusen ble opprettholdt ved hjelp av en programmert regulator for å simulere forholdene i et kjøretøy idet hver cyklus varte 50 minutter og omfattet de følgende betingelser for motorens arbeidsgang: A fuel for engines with compression ignition according to the present invention consisting of a commercial DERV (Diesel Engine Road Vehicle) fuel which had an initial boiling point of 194°C, an average boiling point of 278°C and a final boiling point of 364°C , to which was added 70 ppm "Lubrizol 894", 0.05 wt% cyclohexyl nitrate and 0.075 wt% Ba as a commercial mixture of barium naphthasulfonate and barium carbonate, was tested in an engine in the following manner. A 1-cylinder Gardner engine with an injection clearance at a crank angle of 15° before top dead center is run with the fuel being tested for 245 hours according to a programmed cyclic test procedure. The trial period included a daily stop that lasted 1 hour. The duty cycle was maintained using a programmed controller to simulate the conditions in a vehicle, each cycle lasting 50 minutes and comprising the following engine operating conditions:

Under forsøket ble målinger av effekt, spesifikt brennstoff-forbruk og utvikling av ekshaustgass foretatt hver annen time under betingelsene som er satt av kanal nr. 1 i den program-merte regulatoren. Gassutviklingen ble målt ved hjelp av et totalutstrømnings-lysabsorbsjons-måleinstrument ("full flow light absorption meter"). During the experiment, measurements of power, specific fuel consumption and development of exhaust gas were made every two hours under the conditions set by channel no. 1 in the programmed regulator. Gas evolution was measured using a full flow light absorption measuring instrument ("full flow light absorption meter").

For sammenligning ble også brennstoffsammensetninger, For comparison, fuel compositions were also

som ikke var i henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse, som omfattet det samme basis-DERV-brennstoff, underkastet den ovenfor beskrevne motorprøve. Detaljer av de fremstilte og prøvede sammensetninger i henhold til oppfinnelsen og ikke i henhold til oppfinnelsen er gitt i følgende tabell, og de oppnådde resultater diskuteres under henvisning til figurene 1-4. which was not according to the present invention, which comprised the same base DERV fuel, was subjected to the above-described engine test. Details of the prepared and tested compositions according to the invention and not according to the invention are given in the following table, and the results obtained are discussed with reference to Figures 1-4.

(DERV-brennstoff er et uttrykk som brukes i Storbritannia for typer gassolje som er egnet til bruk som brennstoff for hurtig-løpende motorer med kompresjonstenning. Uttrykket er en for-kortelse for "Diesel Engine Road Vehicle"). (DERV fuel is a term used in the UK for types of gas oil suitable for use as a fuel for high-speed compression ignition engines. The term is an abbreviation for "Diesel Engine Road Vehicle").

Ved fremstillingen av de ikke-oppfinneriske sammensetningene i eksemplene VII - IX ble anvendt det samme dispergeringsmiddel, cykloalkylnitrat og den samme bariumforbindelse som i den oppfinneriske sammensetning i eksempel VI. In the preparation of the non-inventive compositions in examples VII - IX, the same dispersant, cycloalkyl nitrate and the same barium compound as in the inventive composition in example VI were used.

Under henvisning til fig. 1, ble målinger av røk-With reference to fig. 1, measurements of smoke were

nivået, som prosentvis lysabsorbsjon, for basisbrennstoffet alene (eksempel X), angitt som "B" på figuren, og for sammensetningen i henhold til oppfinnelsen i eksempel VI, plottet på ordinat-aksen og den tilsvarende tid, i timer, på abscisse-aksen. Av fig. 1 the level, as a percentage of light absorption, for the base fuel alone (Example X), indicated as "B" in the figure, and for the composition according to the invention in Example VI, plotted on the ordinate axis and the corresponding time, in hours, on the abscissa axis . From fig. 1

fremgår det at sammensetningen i eksempel VI gir et røknivå som,it appears that the composition in example VI gives a smoke level which,

for den største del av forsøket, er vesentlig lavere enn røk-for the largest part of the experiment, is significantly lower than smoke

nivået som oppvises av basisbrennstoffet.the level exhibited by the base fuel.

For sammenligning vises i fig. 2 røknivået som opp-For comparison, fig. 2 the smoke level that up-

vises av den ikke-oppfinneriske sammensetning fra eksempel VII og røknivået av basisbrennstof f et ("B") , med ordinater og abscisse som i fig. 1. Av fig. 2 fremgår det at mens sammensetningen som ikke er i henhold til oppfinnelsen viser et røknivå som i det minste til å begynne med er lavere enn røknivået som oppvises av basisbrennstoffet, øker røknivået inntil det er nødvendig å rense innsprøytningsdysen for å kunne fortsette prøven. De stiplede linjer antyder tidspunktene for rensning av innsprøytningsdysen. is shown by the non-inventive composition from example VII and the smoke level of base fuel f et ("B"), with ordinates and abscissas as in fig. 1. From fig. 2 it appears that while the composition which is not according to the invention shows a smoke level which is at least initially lower than the smoke level exhibited by the base fuel, the smoke level increases until it is necessary to clean the injection nozzle in order to continue the test. The dashed lines indicate the times for cleaning the injection nozzle.

Fig. 3 og 4 viser henholdsvis røknivåene som opp-Figs 3 and 4 show respectively the smoke levels that

vises av de ikke-oppfinneriske sammensetningene i henhold til eksemplene VIII og IX, og som tidligere angis røknivået av basis- shown by the non-inventive compositions according to examples VIII and IX, and as previously indicated the smoke level of base

brennstof f et som "B", og som tidligere fremgår det at skjønt de ikke-oppfinneriske sammensetningene gir røknivåer som i det minste til å begynne med er lavere enn røknivået av basisbrennstoffet, fuel f as "B", and as previously it appears that although the non-inventive compositions give smoke levels which are at least initially lower than the smoke level of the base fuel,

øker røknivåene til det er nødvendig å rense innsprøytningsdysen for å kunne fortsette forsøket. increases the smoke levels until it is necessary to clean the injection nozzle in order to continue the experiment.

Det fremgår derfor av fig. 1-4 at bare en sammen-It therefore appears from fig. 1-4 that only one con-

setning i henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse, det vil si et brennstoff som omfatter som en vesentlig del en hydrokarbonolje sentence according to the present invention, that is to say a fuel which comprises as a significant part a hydrocarbon oil

- som definert tidligere, mindre mengder av hver av de følgende:- as defined previously, smaller amounts of each of the following:

et askefritt, oljeoppløselig rensemiddel, et cykloalkylnitrat og eventuelt et oljeoppløselig metallsalt av en petroleumsulfonsyre, an ashless, oil-soluble cleaning agent, a cycloalkyl nitrate and optionally an oil-soluble metal salt of a petroleum sulphonic acid,

gir en vesentlig konstant forbedring av ekshaustgassen under de beskrevne forsøksbetingelser. gives a substantially constant improvement of the exhaust gas under the described test conditions.

Claims (2)

1. Brennstoff egnet til bruk i en motor med kompresjons-1. Fuel suitable for use in an engine with compression tenning, karakterisert ved at brennstoffet omfatter en hovedmengde av en hydrokarbonolje med kokepunkt ved atmosfæretrykk på minst 140°C og med følgende additiver: 1) fra 20 til 5000 ppm, etter vekt, på basis av hydrokarbon-ol jen, av et askefritt, oljeoppløselig dispergeringsmiddel som er reaksjonsproduktet av et di- eller polyamin og en ravsyre (eller et funksjonelt derivat av denne) som har som substituent på et a-karbonatom en alifatisk hydrokarbongruppe med fra 30-200 karbonatomer, 2) fra0 ,00 5 til 0,25 vekt%, på basis av hydrokarbonoljen, av et cykloalkylnitrat med 5-8 C-atomer, og eventuelt inne-holdende 3) fra 0,001 til 2,0 vekt%, beregnet som metall og på basis av hydrokarbonoljen, av et oljeoppløselig, normalt eller basisk barium-, kalsium, strontium- eller magnesiumsalt av en petroleumsulfonsyre. ignition, characterized in that the fuel includes a main quantity of a hydrocarbon oil with a boiling point at atmospheric pressure of at least 140°C and with the following additives: 1) from 20 to 5000 ppm, by weight, on the basis of the hydrocarbon oil, of an ash-free, oil-soluble dispersant which is the reaction product of a di- or polyamine and a succinic acid (or a functional derivative thereof) which has as a substituent on an α-carbon atom an aliphatic hydrocarbon group with from 30-200 carbon atoms, 2) from 0.005 to 0.25% by weight, based on the hydrocarbon oil, of a cycloalkyl nitrate with 5-8 C atoms, and optionally containing 3) from 0.001 to 2.0% by weight, calculated as metal and on the basis of the hydrocarbon oil, of an oil-soluble, normal or basic barium, calcium, strontium or magnesium salt of a petroleum sulphonic acid. 2. Middel for tilvirkning av brennstoff som angitt i krav 1, karakterisert ved at det omfatter 1) fra 2 til 500 vektdeler av et askefritt, oljeoppløselig dispergeringsmiddel som er reaksjonsproduktet av et di - eller polyamin og en ravsyre (eller et funksjonelt derivat av denne) som har som substituent på et a-karbonatom en alifatisk hydrokarbongruppe med fra 30-200 karbonatomer, 2) fra 5 til 250 vektdeler av et cykloalkylnitrat med 5-8 karbonatomer, og eventuelt 3) fra 1 til 2000 vektdeler, beregnet som metall, av et olje-oppløselig, normalt eller basisk barium-, kalsium-, strontium-, eller magnesiumsalt av en pretoleumsulfonsyre, fortrinnsvis i form av et konsentrat i en egnet bærevæske.2. Means for the production of fuel as specified in claim 1, characterized in that it comprises 1) from 2 to 500 parts by weight of an ash-free, oil-soluble dispersant which is the reaction product of a di- or polyamine and a succinic acid (or a functional derivative thereof) which has as a substituent on an α-carbon atom an aliphatic hydrocarbon group with from 30-200 carbon atoms, 2) from 5 to 250 parts by weight of a cycloalkyl nitrate with 5-8 carbon atoms, and optionally 3) from 1 to 2000 parts by weight, calculated as metal, of an oil-soluble, normal or basic barium, calcium, strontium or magnesium salt of a pretoleum sulphonic acid, preferably in the form of a concentrate in a suitable carrier liquid.
NO66165379A 1965-10-29 1966-10-27 NO119618B (en)

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