NO116869B - - Google Patents
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- NO116869B NO116869B NO16118766A NO16118766A NO116869B NO 116869 B NO116869 B NO 116869B NO 16118766 A NO16118766 A NO 16118766A NO 16118766 A NO16118766 A NO 16118766A NO 116869 B NO116869 B NO 116869B
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- Prior art keywords
- cell
- cells
- antigen
- pertussis
- extract
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- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 claims description 19
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 claims description 14
- 201000005702 Pertussis Diseases 0.000 claims description 13
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloride Inorganic materials [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000588832 Bordetella pertussis Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000000805 cytoplasm Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 101710194807 Protective antigen Proteins 0.000 description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229940031348 multivalent vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 3
- 231100000517 death Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000021053 average weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007975 buffered saline Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007928 intraperitoneal injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- RTKIYNMVFMVABJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L thimerosal Chemical compound [Na+].CC[Hg]SC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O RTKIYNMVFMVABJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229940033663 thimerosal Drugs 0.000 description 2
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000700199 Cavia porcellus Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010032972 Cellfood Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000035473 Communicable disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010022998 Irritability Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010028851 Necrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000220221 Rosales Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010043376 Tetanus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000024780 Urticaria Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000011126 aluminium potassium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940009859 aluminum phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000890 antigenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001950 benzethonium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UREZNYTWGJKWBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzethonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OCCOCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 UREZNYTWGJKWBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- -1 benzyl- Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VEZXCJBBBCKRPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-propiolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCO1 VEZXCJBBBCKRPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012496 blank sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940030156 cell vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940028617 conventional vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010013023 diphtheria Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010014599 encephalitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002649 immunization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003053 immunization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000036512 infertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017074 necrotic cell death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229940050271 potassium alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GRLPQNLYRHEGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J potassium aluminium sulfate Chemical compound [Al+3].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GRLPQNLYRHEGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011076 safety test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 235000019982 sodium hexametaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ALNUHUMOGUVHIO-XXJNWDAFSA-M sodium;7-[(1r,2s)-2-hexyl-5-hydroxycyclopentyl]heptanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCC[C@H]1CCC(O)[C@@H]1CCCCCCC([O-])=O ALNUHUMOGUVHIO-XXJNWDAFSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- SOBHUZYZLFQYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;hydroxy-[[phosphonatomethyl(phosphonomethyl)amino]methyl]phosphinate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OP(O)(=O)CN(CP(O)([O-])=O)CP([O-])([O-])=O SOBHUZYZLFQYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/02—Bacterial antigens
- A61K39/099—Bordetella
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte ved ekstraksjon av et pertussis.antigen. Procedure for extraction of a pertussis antigen.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en ny og forbedret fremgangsmåte ved ekstraksjon av et pertussis antigen fra celler av Borde-, tella pertussis, hvilket antigen er anvendelig for fremstilling av énverdige eller flerverdige vaksiner som ikke inneholder noen vesentlig mengde-Bordetella pertussis cellemateriale. The present invention relates to a new and improved method for extracting a pertussis antigen from cells of Bordetella pertussis, which antigen is applicable for the production of monovalent or multivalent vaccines which do not contain any significant amount of Bordetella pertussis cell material.
Kikhoste er en akutt, meget smittsom, infeksjonssykdom som. forårsakes av Bordetella pertussis og som for barn under 4 år er. farlig og sannsynligvis rangerer forst som årsak til spebarn-dodelighet. Immunisering mot denne sykdom har tidligere vært gjennomfort ved injeksjon av drept cellevaksine eller ekstrahert antigen. Imidlertid har hyppig inntrufne bivirkninger,, såsom feber, irritabilitet, betennelse og nekrose, og sjeldne men ned-, slående innberetninger om hjernebetennelse ansporet.til videre. Whooping cough is an acute, highly contagious, infectious disease which. is caused by Bordetella pertussis and which for children under 4 is. dangerous and probably ranks first as a cause of infant mortality. Immunization against this disease has previously been carried out by injection of killed cell vaccine or extracted antigen. However, frequently occurring side effects, such as fever, irritability, inflammation and necrosis, and rare but striking reports of encephalitis have spurred on.
forskning for å komme frem til bedre vaksiner, research to arrive at better vaccines,
Det er kjent å ekstrahere et pertussis antigen .ra pertussiii-celler ved å sprenge pertussis-cellene og deretter underkaste den erholdte cellemasse diverse behandlinger for å ekstrahere og remse i antigenet som inneholdes i cellemassen, jfr. f.eks. dansk patent--!skrift nr. 76.459- Etter sprengninger eller oppbrytingen av cellone har man hittil brukt hele celemassen ved den påfolgende ekstraksjon [ av antigenet, slik at såvel celleveggmaterialet som protoplasmaer har deltatt i ekstraksjonsprosessen. Det har imidlertid nu vist I seg at protoplasmaet inneholder lite av antigenet men at det der:.-smot inneholder toksisk protein i hoy konsentrasjon, som kan for-jårsake doden ved forsok på laboratoriedyr, og har uonskede bivirkninger når det er tilstede i vaksiner som administreres klin:.sk. jCelleveggmaterialet, derimot, har vist seg å ha et hbyt innhold nv jantigen, og det har videre vist seg at dette antigen kan utvinne:! Jfritt for toksiske substanser. På grunnlag av disse erkjennelser tilveiebringes der nu en fremgangsmåte ved ekstraksjon av et pertussis antigen, hvor cellor av Bordetella pertussis sprenges mekanisk og cellemateriale sus-ipenderes i vann til en suspensjon inneholdende fra 100 til 2000 :B/ml, hvoretter suspensjonen blandes i alkalisk miljb og ved av-jpasset temperatur med en tilstrekkelig mengde av en opplbsning i av natrium- eller kaliumklorid til at der fåes en sluttkonsentra--:sjon av dette på 0,5 - 1,5 M, hvilken fremgangsmåte utmerker seg ved at man etter den mekaniske sprengning av cellene skiller cel'.e-Iveggmaterialet fra protoplasmaet og utforer ekstraksjonsbehand-:iingen bare med celleveggmaterialet.(B betyr billion=lo9) j It is known to extract a pertussis antigen from pertussis cells by bursting the pertussis cells and then subjecting the obtained cell mass to various treatments in order to extract and strip the antigen contained in the cell mass, cf. e.g. Danish patent--!skrift no. 76,459- After explosions or the breaking up of cells, the entire cell mass has been used until now for the subsequent extraction [ of the antigen, so that both the cell wall material and protoplasms have participated in the extraction process. However, it has now been shown that the protoplasm contains little of the antigen, but that it does contain toxic protein in high concentration, which can cause death in experiments on laboratory animals, and has unwanted side effects when it is present in vaccines that administered klin:.sk. The cell wall material, on the other hand, has been shown to have a high content of antigen, and it has also been shown that this antigen can extract:! Free of toxic substances. On the basis of these findings, a method is now provided for the extraction of a pertussis antigen, where cells of Bordetella pertussis are mechanically broken and cell material is suspended in water to a suspension containing from 100 to 2000 :B/ml, after which the suspension is mixed in an alkaline medium and at an adjusted temperature with a sufficient quantity of a solution of sodium or potassium chloride to obtain a final concentration of this of 0.5 - 1.5 M, which method is distinguished by the fact that mechanical bursting of the cells separates the cell wall material from the protoplasm and carries out the extraction treatment only with the cell wall material. (B means trillion=lo9) j
i in
i Ved hjelp av fremgangsmåten ifolge oppfinnelsen skaffes der :således et B. pertussis antigen av vesentlig forbedret renhet, ; som er i stand til å gi langvarig immunitet mot kikhoste, og som i ikke frembringer de uonskede bivirkninger som hefter ved vanlige kjente vaksiner. i By means of the method according to the invention, a B. pertussis antigen of substantially improved purity is thus obtained; which is capable of providing long-term immunity against whooping cough, and which does not produce the unwanted side effects associated with common known vaccines.
! Celler som anvendes ved fremgangsmåten ifolge oppfinnelsen, ! kan dyrkes i ét hvilket som helst av de kjente, egnede media, ;såsom trekull-agar-mediet, væskemediet eller Cohen-Wheeler dyr-: kningsmediet. Etter vekstperioden oppsamles cellene ved sentrifugering og kan bényttes i denne form i fremgangsmåten ifolge oppfinnelsen, eller cellepastaen kan fryses og lagres ved -30°C ! Cells used in the method according to the invention, ! can be cultured in any of the known suitable media, such as the charcoal-agar medium, the liquid medium or the Cohen-Wheeler animal culture medium. After the growth period, the cells are collected by centrifugation and can be used in this form in the method according to the invention, or the cell paste can be frozen and stored at -30°C
linntil det er behov for den. Om onsket kan de oppsamlede, eller :innhostede celler lyofiliseres og deretter lagres inntil det er:behov for dem, eller cellene kan drepes med "Thimerosal" eller v£d :andre metoder som det er kjent ikke odelegger det beskyttende B. until it is needed. If desired, the collected or coughed-up cells can be lyophilized and then stored until they are needed, or the cells can be killed with "Thimerosal" or other methods which are known not to destroy the protective B.
■pertussis antigen.■pertussis antigen.
■ Cellene suspenderes påny i kaldt (2 - 5°C) destillert vann cg^underkastes eksplosiv trykkavlastning i et cellesprengningsappa-I 'rat, spesielt i en "Ribi Cell Fractionator" ved 2110 kg/cm o og er. :temperatur av 20°C eller mindre. Ennskiont gode resultater oppnåes I 'når man anvender et trykk på 2110 kg/cm 2, har det vist seg at ti] - :fredsstillende resultater oppnåes når der anvendes trykk i området omtrent fra 1055 til 3515 kg/cm . Også andre metoder til å nedbryte cellene og isolere celleveggene kan benyttes, såsom lydoscilla-sjoner, mekanisk maling, osv., men erfaringene viser at nevnte cellesprengningsapparat gir de hoyeste utbytter av rent veggmate-riale. For bruk er det fordelaktig å sterilisere cellesprengnings - apparatet ved at hele dens rorsystem bringes i kontant med ethy-lenoxyd i et tidsrom av 24 timer og deretter spyles med steril nitrogengass. Trykkenheten steriliseres i 1 time, fortrinnsvis ved at alle dens deler bringes i kontakt med (3-propiolacton (0,5 #)dg deretter spyles med sterilt, destillert vann. Et "raultifase"-bak-t^jerie-tilbakeholdelsesfilter eller annet egnet filter forbinder Itrykkavlastningskammeret med en nitrogenbeholder. j ■ The cells are resuspended in cold (2 - 5°C) distilled water and subjected to explosive pressure relief in a cell bursting apparatus, especially in a "Ribi Cell Fractionator" at 2110 kg/cm o and er. :temperature of 20°C or less. Although good results are obtained when a pressure of 2110 kg/cm 2 is used, it has been shown that satisfactory results are obtained when pressures in the range from approximately 1055 to 3515 kg/cm 2 are used. Other methods for breaking down the cells and isolating the cell walls can also be used, such as sound oscillations, mechanical painting, etc., but experience shows that the aforementioned cell blasting apparatus gives the highest yields of clean wall material. For use, it is advantageous to sterilize the cell bursting apparatus by immersing its entire tube system in ethylene oxide for a period of 24 hours and then flushing with sterile nitrogen gas. The pressure unit is sterilized for 1 hour, preferably by contacting all its parts with (3-propiolactone (0.5 #)dg then flushing with sterile distilled water. A "raultiphase" back-t^jerie retention filter or other suitable filter connects the pressure relief chamber to a nitrogen container j
j i ! Suspensjonen av B. pertussis celler ledes til kompresjons- j :'kammeret i nevnte "Ribi Cell Fractionator", hvor de utsettes for i 2 j i ! The suspension of B. pertussis cells is led to the compression chamber in the aforementioned "Ribi Cell Fractionator", where they are exposed to 2
■ et trykk fra 1055 til 3515 kg/cm som tvinger cellene inn i tryklp-]avlastningskammeret, hvor de nedbrytes eksplosivt. Trykkavlaatniags-ikammeret holdes ved 20°C eller mindre ved hjelp av forhåndskjblti jnitrogengass som ledes gjennom "multifase"-filteret og inn i ;kammeret. Avlbpet fra trykkavlastningskammeret, som inneholder jcelleveggene og protoplasma, oppsamles i en steril beholder som <>r 'neddykket i ét isbad. ■ a pressure from 1055 to 3515 kg/cm which forces the cells into the pressure relief chamber, where they break down explosively. The depressurization chamber is maintained at 20°C or less by means of pre-heated nitrogen gas which is passed through the "multiphase" filter and into the chamber. The effluent from the depressurization chamber, containing the cell walls and protoplasm, is collected in a sterile container immersed in an ice bath.
I Avlbpet inneholdende det nedbrutte cellemateriale sentrifu-iigeres, den ovenstående væske hives, og det tilbakeblivende celle-iveggmaterialø kan vaskes med kaldt, destillert vann for å fjerne ; meget toksiske, opplbselige protoplasmaefestanddeler. Enten vaskede eller uvaskede cellevegger suspenderes i en puffer til en konsentrasjon mellom ca. 100 B/ml (100 Billion/ml) og 2000 B/ml, ennskjont der for praktiske formål vanligvis benyttes en konsen- tras,jon av. 500 B/ml. De L beskyttende antigen ekstrahe s deretter' ved at man til celleveggsuspens jonen .t Usetter tilstrekkelig meget natrium- eller kaliumklorid til at der fåes en sluttkonsentrasjon som er fra 0,5 til 1,5 molar, pH-verdien justeres til fro 8,5 til! 10 ved tilsetning av et basisk salt, såsom trinatriumorthofosfa t,• natrium- eller kaliumcarbonat, og na triumhexametaf osf at eller trijs-(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethan sammen med natrium- eller ksliumhyd- ; The residue containing the broken down cell material is centrifuged, the supernatant liquid is removed, and the remaining cell wall material can be washed with cold, distilled water to remove; highly toxic, soluble protoplasmic suspensions. Either washed or unwashed cell walls are suspended in a buffer to a concentration between approx. 100 B/ml (100 Billion/ml) and 2000 B/ml, although for practical purposes a concentration of 500 B/ml. The protective antigens are then extracted by adding enough sodium or potassium chloride to the cell wall suspension to obtain a final concentration of 0.5 to 1.5 molar, the pH value is adjusted to fro 8.5 to! 10 by adding a basic salt, such as trisodium orthophosphate, sodium or potassium carbonate, and sodium hexametaphosphate or trijs-(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane together with sodium or xlium hyd-;
roxyd, og volumet justeres med destillert vann. slik at der fåes eia celleveggekvivalens på 200 B/ml. Ii roxyd, and the volume is adjusted with distilled water. so that a cell wall equivalence of 200 B/ml is obtained. II
Blandingen av eelleveggmateriale og salt omrores forsiktig og kontinuerlig i 18 - 40 timer, mens temperaturen holdes mellom omtrent 2 og 5°C. Materialet sentrifugeres, og den ovenstående væske kan dialyseres mot puffer (0,10M fosfat-puffer) ved en pH-verdi fra-7 til 7,2 for å eliminere overskudd av salt. Ekstrakten, som : inneholder det beskyttende antigen, innstilles på pil 7,0 og fortynnes til en konsentrasjon som svarer til de standarder som er fore-skrevet av "National Tnstitutes of Health". Oppløsningen av beskyttende antigen kan konserveres med en effektiv mengde konserveringsmiddel , såsom "Thimerosa.1" , "Benzethoniumklorid" , benzyl- ; alkohol, gamma-picoliniumklorid eller andre kjente formålstjenelige konserveringsmidler og fortynnes i bnsket grad. The mixture of eelle wall material and salt is stirred carefully and continuously for 18 - 40 hours, while the temperature is kept between approximately 2 and 5°C. The material is centrifuged, and the supernatant can be dialyzed against buffer (0.10 M phosphate buffer) at a pH value of -7 to 7.2 to eliminate excess salt. The extract, which contains the protective antigen, is adjusted to arrow 7.0 and diluted to a concentration corresponding to the standards prescribed by the National Institutes of Health. The solution of protective antigen can be preserved with an effective amount of preservative, such as "Thimerosa.1", "Benzethonium chloride", benzyl-; alcohol, gamma-picolinium chloride or other known suitable preservatives and diluted to the desired degree.
Det beskyttende antigen som fåes ved den nye fremgangsmåten ifolge oppfinnelsen, kan anvendes for fremstilling av en vandig vaksine, eller antigenet kan forst adsorberes på hjelpematerialer såsom aluminiumhydroxyd eller -fosfat eller utfelles med slura ' og deretter opparbeides som en vaksine. Da det beskyttende antigen er forlikelig med andre antigener og/eller toksoider, kan det anvendes sammen med disse på konvensjonell måte for å skaffe en flerverdig vaksine i enhetsdoseform. The protective antigen obtained by the new method according to the invention can be used for the production of an aqueous vaccine, or the antigen can first be adsorbed on auxiliary materials such as aluminum hydroxide or -phosphate or precipitated with slurry and then processed as a vaccine. As the protective antigen is compatible with other antigens and/or toxoids, it can be used together with these in a conventional manner to obtain a multivalent vaccine in unit dose form.
Produktet som fåes ved' fremgangsmåten ifolge oppfinnelsen, er fritt for alle protopTasmabestanddeler, av hvilke én, nemlig det ; The product obtained by the method according to the invention is free of all protopTasma constituents, of which one, namely that;
varmelabile toksin, er kjent for å være ytterst toksisk for labo-l ratoriedyr og kan være årsaken for- enkelte av bivirkningene på j mennesker. Produktet er fritt for dyrkningsmedium, cellerester og| kjemiske fremmedstoffer. Produktet'er forlikelig med andre antigejn-materialer som ofte kombineres med<p.>eéussis-celle-antigen. Frem-j gangsmåten er enkel og lett å utfore og gir reproduserbare utbytter av aktivt materiale. heat-labile toxin, is known to be extremely toxic to laboratory animals and may be the cause of some of the adverse effects on humans. The product is free of culture medium, cell residues and | chemical foreign substances. The product is compatible with other antigen materials that are often combined with<p.>eeussis cell antigen. The procedure is simple and easy to carry out and gives reproducible yields of active material.
Fremgangsmåten beskrives i detalj i det fSigende eksempel.' ! The procedure is described in detail in the following example. !
Eksempel 1 Example 1
Cellene fra en 48 timers dyrkning av fi. pertussis i et Cohen-Wheeler medium oppsamles ved justering av mediets pli til 7,0 med j konsentrert saltsyre og sentrifugering i en "Sharples" sentrifuge. Den erholdte cellepasta suspenderes i destillert vann, ledes gjennom en 200-mesh nylonsikt for å fjerne store partikler, og filtratet innstilles til en konsentrasjon -, 500 B/ml. Cellekonsentrasjonen bor fortrinnsvis være i området 100 - 1000 B/ml for formålet med oppfinnelsen. 1 The cells from a 48 hour culture of fi. pertussis in a Cohen-Wheeler medium is collected by adjusting the pH of the medium to 7.0 with j concentrated hydrochloric acid and centrifugation in a "Sharples" centrifuge. The resulting cell paste is suspended in distilled water, passed through a 200-mesh nylon sieve to remove large particles, and the filtrate is adjusted to a concentration of 500 B/ml. The cell concentration should preferably be in the range 100 - 1000 B/ml for the purpose of the invention. 1
1600 ml av cellekonsentratet ledes til en på forhånd sterili-sert "Ribi Cell Fractionator" og utsettes for et trykk på 2110 kg/cm^. Cellene under trykk ekstruderes inn i trykkavlastningskammeret, som holdes ved 20°C eller ved lavere temperatur ved hjelp av avkjolt nitrogengass, hvor cellene nedbrytes eksplosivt. Cellematfrialet renner fra trykkavlastningskammeret til en steril beholder neddykket i et isbad. Det fåes 1600 ml avlop. 1600 ml of the cell concentrate is directed to a previously sterilized "Ribi Cell Fractionator" and subjected to a pressure of 2110 kg/cm^. The cells under pressure are extruded into the pressure relief chamber, which is kept at 20°C or at a lower temperature using cooled nitrogen gas, where the cells are explosively decomposed. The cell food pellet flows from the depressurization chamber into a sterile container immersed in an ice bath. 1600 ml of sewage is obtained.
Avlopet sentrifugeres i et "Spinco 18000" bolleformet rotorhode for satsvis drift ved 16 000 omdr. pr. min. i 3 timer. Også ''■ andre sentrifugeringsapparater kan anvendes, såsom f.eks. "Sharples" sentrifugen. Den ovenstående væske dekanteres fra rotorhodet, og hodet kan påfylles og kjores én eller flere ganger, om onskes, The effluent is centrifuged in a "Spinco 18000" bowl-shaped rotor head for batch operation at 16,000 rpm. my. for 3 hours. Also ''■ other centrifugation devices can be used, such as e.g. The "Sharples" centrifuge. The supernatant liquid is decanted from the rotor head, and the head can be refilled and run one or more times, if desired,
uten at man fjerner residuet. Den ovenstående vanske som fjernes og hives, inneholder den meget toksiske protoplasma froks jon av cellekonsentratet. without removing the residue. The above solid, which is removed and sieved, contains the highly toxic protoplasmic fraction of the cell concentrate.
Residuet eller avsetningen som blir tilbake i rotorhodet, fjernes fortrinnsvis ved tilsetning av stålkuler til rotorhodet og forsiktig rystning av hodet ved at det anbringes på en meka-nisme som gir en rullende bevegelse. Imidlertid kan også andre kjente metoder anvendes for å fjerne residuet fra rotorhodet. The residue or deposit that remains in the rotor head is preferably removed by adding steel balls to the rotor head and gently shaking the head by placing it on a mechanism that produces a rolling movement. However, other known methods can also be used to remove the residue from the rotor head.
Residuet vaskes ut av rotorhodet med kaldt destillert vannThe residue is washed out of the rotor head with cold distilled water
(2 - 5°C) (omtrent 1600 ml). 1 liter sterilt natriumklorid (inneholdende 213,8 g) tilsettes, pH-verdien innstilles på 10,0 ved tilsetning av trinatriumfpsfat (66,6 ml 0,6 M opplosning) og 2,0: ml 10 %-ig saltsyre, og volumet justeres til 4000 ml med destillert vann, slik at der fåes en blanding med en pertussiskonsentrasjonj svarende til. 200 B/ml, og konsentrasjoner av natriumklorid og trl-; natriumorthof osf at på henholdsvis 1,0 m og 0,01 M. Cellevegg-konsentrasjonene kan likeledes justeres til en pertussis-kon-;<:>isentrasjon svarende til 100 - 2000 B/ml og en konsentrasjon av :natriumklorid mellom 0,5 og 1,5 M. Suspensjonen rystes forsiktig (2 - 5°C) (about 1600 ml). 1 liter of sterile sodium chloride (containing 213.8 g) is added, the pH value is adjusted to 10.0 by adding trisodium phb (66.6 ml of 0.6 M solution) and 2.0 ml of 10% hydrochloric acid, and the volume is adjusted to 4000 ml with distilled water, so that a mixture is obtained with a pertussis concentration corresponding to 200 B/ml, and concentrations of sodium chloride and trl-; sodium orthophosphate at 1.0 m and 0.01 M respectively. The cell wall concentrations can likewise be adjusted to a pertussis concentration corresponding to 100 - 2000 B/ml and a concentration of sodium chloride between 0.5 and 1.5 M. The suspension is shaken gently
■i et mekanisk rysteapparat ved en temperatur av 2 - 5°C i- 18 - 24 jtimer og sentrifugeres deretter i et Spinco 18 000 rotorhode for satsvis drift (eller i annen sentrifuge) ved 16 000 omdr. pr. mir.;(omtrent 30 100 x tyngdekraften) i 1 time. Den ovenstående væske dekanteres og oppsamles, og rotorhodet kan benyttes gjentatte ganger for å separere ytterligere mengder celleveggsuspensjon uten at avsetningen fjernes. ■in a mechanical shaker at a temperature of 2 - 5°C for 18 - 24 hours and then centrifuged in a Spinco 18,000 rotor head for batch operation (or in another centrifuge) at 16,000 rpm. mir.;(about 30,100 x gravity) for 1 hour. The supernatant is decanted and collected, and the rotor head can be used repeatedly to separate additional amounts of cell wall suspension without removing the deposit.
De ovenstående væsker, som inneholder beskyttende antigen, jslås sammen og kan dialyseres mot 0,01 M fosfatpuffer ved pH 7,0-;7,2 for å fjerne overskudd av salt. Som regel er dialyse ikke noc-vendig, og ekstrakten kan nøytraliseres med en opplosning av salt-jsyre og fortynnes i en hvilken som helst onsket grad. Styrken av 'celleekstrakten fortynnet til en ekvivalens på 32 B/ml og N.I.H. i istandarden bestemmes ved at man administrerer en rekke fortynninger jav ekstrakten og blindproven på adskilte grupper mus og deretter jbesmitte dyrene intrakranielt med 0,03 ml av en fortynning av kjent, jondartet B. pertussis inneholdende 10^ organismer pr. ml. Resul-tatene av flere like forsok og middelverdien av disse er gjengitt jnedenf or: The supernatant fluids, which contain protective antigen, are pooled and can be dialyzed against 0.01 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.0-7.2 to remove excess salt. As a rule, dialysis is not necessary, and the extract can be neutralized with a solution of hydrochloric acid and diluted to any desired degree. The strength of the 'cell extract diluted to an equivalence of 32 B/ml and N.I.H. in the standard is determined by administering a series of dilutions of the extract and the blank sample to separate groups of mice and then infecting the animals intracranially with 0.03 ml of a dilution of the known species of B. pertussis containing 10^ organisms per ml. The results of several similar trials and the average value of these are reproduced below:
Ekstrakten av beskyttende antigen ifolge eksempel 1 ble funr.et å være ikke-toksisk ifolge N.I.H. standardene som kreves at der ved intraperitoneal injeksjon av det halve av en enkeltdose for mennesker i mus ikke finner sted noe vekttap i 3 dager, at der finner sted en netto vektokning på 3 g i lopet av 7 dager, og at der ikke inntrer mer enn 5 % dodelighet for de dyr sortf studeres. iVed intrateritoneal injeksjon av 0,25 ml åv ekstrakten av det be-Iskyttende antigen fra eksempel 1 i 10 mus ble<*>der observert en midlere vektokning på 2,5 g etter 3 dager, og en midlere vekt- ! •okning på 6,5 g etter 7 dager, uten at noen dodsfall var inntruffet etter endt forsbksperiode. The extract of protective antigen according to Example 1 was found to be non-toxic according to the N.I.H. the standards that are required that upon intraperitoneal injection of half of a single human dose in mice no weight loss occurs for 3 days, that there is a net weight gain of 3 g over the course of 7 days, and that there is no more than 5 % mortality for the animals studied. By intraperitoneal injection of 0.25 ml of the extract of the protective antigen from example 1 into 10 mice, an average weight gain of 2.5 g was observed after 3 days, and an average weight gain of ! •increase of 6.5 g after 7 days, without any deaths having occurred after the end of the trial period.
Ekstrakten ifolge eksempel 1 bestod også sikkerhetsprbven p^. dyr ved at der ikke inntraff noen dodsfall og der ikke viste segj noen symptomer da det halve av en enkeltdose for mennesker ble injisert i hver av to 20 g's mus og det tredobbelte av en enkelt i dose for mennesker ble injisert i hver av to 350 g's marsvin. j The extract according to example 1 also passed the safety test p^. animals in that no deaths occurred and no symptoms appeared when half of a single human dose was injected into each of two 20 g mice and three times the single human dose was injected into each of two 350 g guinea pig. j
i in
Konvensjonelle sterilitetsprbver viste at ekstrakten var frjConventional sterility tests showed that the extract was free
i for mugg og bakterier. > in for mold and bacteria. >
Elektroforetisk analyse og Ouchterlony-analyse viste at ek-Istrakten ifolge eksempel 1 var fri for stbrstedelen av protoplaana-jmaterialer og antigenmaterialer i veggene andre.enn beskyttende j lantigen. Den endelige vaksine inneholder en tredjedel eller mindre jav det totale nitrogeninnhold som finnes i konvensjonelle vaksiner» i j Fremstilling av vaksiner Electrophoretic analysis and Ouchterlony analysis showed that the extract according to Example 1 was free of the bulk of protoplane materials and antigenic materials in the walls other than protective antigen. The final vaccine contains one-third or less of the total nitrogen content found in conventional vaccines' i j Manufacture of vaccines
i t Vandig vaksine; j' i t Aqueous vaccine; j'
Ekstraktkonsentratet av beskyttende antigen ifolge eksempel! The extract concentrate of protective antigen according to example!
•1 ble innstilt med Puffret saltopplbsning (pH 7,2) inneholdende•1 was adjusted with buffered saline solution (pH 7.2) containing
i . i i"Thimerosal" 1:10 000 til en sluttkonsentrasjon på 32 B/ml eller: i [mindre. Denne vaksine forblir stabil når den lagres ved 2 - 5 o C.' in . i i"Thimerosal" 1:10,000 to a final concentration of 32 B/ml or: i [less. This vaccine remains stable when stored at 2 - 5 o C.'
; Hjelpevaksine: ; Auxiliary vaccine:
Til 4000 ml konsentrat ay beskyttende antigen fra eksempel 1 ■tilsettes 444 ml sterilt 10 %-ig kaliumalum, og pH-verdien inn- i i stilles på 7,0 med kald (2 - 5°C) 10 #-ig natriumhydroxydopp-\lbsning. Materialet lagres ved 2 - 5°C i 24 timer og sentrifugeres ideretter ved 2000 omdr. pr. min. i ca. 15 minutter i en "Inter-jnational" sentrifuge som holdes ved 2 - 5°C. Den ovenstående væsjce i hives. Avsetningen resuspenderes i pufret saltopplosnimg med pH 1 j 7,2 til et sluttvolum på 3000 ml med en konsentrasjon på 267 B/im'., iVaksinekonsentrasjonen kan justeres til 32 B/ml ved tilsetning ar jsteril saltopplbsning av pH 7,2 eller 0,3 M glycinpuffer- "Thime-|rosal" tilsettes som et konserveringsmiddel i en tilstrekkelig : mengde til at der fåes en konsentrasjon på 1:10 000 etter for-I tynning. Denne vaksine forblir stabil når den lagres vei 2 - 5°C\ ■ Flerverdige vakBiner: Toksoider, såsom diftheria, og stivkrampetoksoider, kan j :tilsettes til den ene eller den andre av ovennevnte vandige vak- i sine og ovennevnte hjelpevaksine, for fremstilling av en flerverdlig vaksine, hvo.r toksoidene er tilstede i de vanlig anbefalte kon- j sentras joner. j To 4000 ml of concentrate and protective antigen from example 1, 444 ml of sterile 10% potassium alum is added, and the pH value is adjusted to 7.0 with cold (2 - 5°C) 10% sodium hydroxide solution . The material is stored at 2 - 5°C for 24 hours and immediately centrifuged at 2000 rpm. my. for about. 15 minutes in an "Inter-jnational" centrifuge kept at 2 - 5°C. The above liquid in hives. The deposit is resuspended in buffered saline solution with pH 1 and 7.2 to a final volume of 3000 ml with a concentration of 267 B/ml. The vaccine concentration can be adjusted to 32 B/ml by adding sterile saline solution of pH 7.2 or 0. 3 M glycine buffer "Thime-|rosal" is added as a preservative in a sufficient quantity to obtain a concentration of 1:10,000 after pre-dilution. This vaccine remains stable when stored at 2 - 5°C\ ■ Multivalent vaccines: Toxoids, such as diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, can j : is added to one or the other of the above-mentioned aqueous vaccine and the above-mentioned auxiliary vaccine, for the production of a multivalent vaccine, where the toxoids are present in the usually recommended concentrations. j
i in
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US42669165A | 1965-01-19 | 1965-01-19 |
Publications (1)
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NO116869B true NO116869B (en) | 1969-06-02 |
Family
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NO16118766A NO116869B (en) | 1965-01-19 | 1966-01-10 |
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BE (1) | BE675310A (en) |
BR (1) | BR6676474D0 (en) |
DE (1) | DE1617605C3 (en) |
DK (1) | DK115720B (en) |
ES (1) | ES322331A1 (en) |
FR (2) | FR1475742A (en) |
GB (1) | GB1119543A (en) |
IL (1) | IL24946A (en) |
NL (1) | NL6600703A (en) |
NO (1) | NO116869B (en) |
SE (1) | SE326797B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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NZ188211A (en) * | 1977-10-28 | 1984-09-28 | American Cyanamid Co | Isolation of polyribosyl ribitol phosphate(prp)from haemophilus influenzae type b;vaccine comprising prp and bordetellapertussis antigens |
DE3043291A1 (en) * | 1980-11-17 | 1982-07-01 | Dso Pharmachim | Whooping cough vaccine - contg. live Bordetella pertussis EM 1964 |
US4474758A (en) * | 1981-11-19 | 1984-10-02 | American Cyanamid Company | Haemophilus influenzae type b and pertussis outer membrane component combined vaccine |
EP0986315A4 (en) * | 1997-06-04 | 2001-05-02 | Improvements Ltd Cellular | Method and apparatus for disruption of biological material |
-
1966
- 1966-01-10 NO NO16118766A patent/NO116869B/no unknown
- 1966-01-10 IL IL2494666A patent/IL24946A/en unknown
- 1966-01-12 GB GB150466A patent/GB1119543A/en not_active Expired
- 1966-01-17 BR BR17647466A patent/BR6676474D0/en unknown
- 1966-01-18 ES ES0322331A patent/ES322331A1/en not_active Expired
- 1966-01-18 DK DK26066A patent/DK115720B/en unknown
- 1966-01-18 FR FR46281A patent/FR1475742A/en not_active Expired
- 1966-01-18 DE DE19661617605 patent/DE1617605C3/en not_active Expired
- 1966-01-18 SE SE00630/66A patent/SE326797B/xx unknown
- 1966-01-19 NL NL6600703A patent/NL6600703A/xx unknown
- 1966-01-19 BE BE675310D patent/BE675310A/xx unknown
- 1966-04-15 FR FR57878A patent/FR5550M/fr not_active Expired
Also Published As
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BE675310A (en) | 1966-07-19 |
DE1617605C3 (en) | 1974-08-29 |
DE1617605B2 (en) | 1974-01-31 |
SE326797B (en) | 1970-08-03 |
ES322331A1 (en) | 1966-11-16 |
IL24946A (en) | 1969-05-28 |
DE1617605A1 (en) | 1971-04-01 |
NL6600703A (en) | 1966-07-20 |
FR1475742A (en) | 1967-04-07 |
BR6676474D0 (en) | 1973-09-11 |
DK115720B (en) | 1969-11-03 |
GB1119543A (en) | 1968-07-10 |
FR5550M (en) | 1967-11-20 |
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