NL2021274B1 - Switch with switch heater with metal heating profile, mounted by clamping brackets, as well as method for installing a switch heater. - Google Patents

Abstract

Railway changeover heating with a separate, prefabricated and form-retaining metal heating profile (4) mounted on a rail (1). The heating profile is mounted by a separate clamping bracket that extends parallel to the longitudinal direction of the rail. The clamping bracket contains clamping wings (l3) with wing parts (l5) that connect directly to each other. The profile (4) is mounted with a bolt (19). With an existing switch with switch tongue support, the latter is dismantled, then the heating profile (4) is placed, then the switch tongue support is replaced, then the clamping bracket is placed.

Description

Switch with switch heater with metal heating profile, mounted by clamping brackets, as well as method for installing a switch heater.

The invention relates to, preferably electric, switch heaters for trains, trams or subways, for passenger and freight transport, preferably with an overhead line above the railroad track for the electrical supply of the train locomotive. WO2010 / 142720 discloses a prior art switch heating.

The electrical heating ribbon comprises one or more of: one or two spiral or helical resistance wires; placed in a thin-walled, closed tubular profile of metal, such as steel or stainless steel (for example, titanium reinforced); the tubular profile completely filled form-free galvanic insulating material, such as with powder of, for example, magnesium oxide so that the spirals keep a distance from each other and to the tubular profile. When the spirals of the ribbon thus completed are connected to a galvanic current source, the spirals become hot due to the current flowing through them and they release their heat via the magnesium oxide to the tube profile which it can release to its environment.

The inventor has invented that the mounting of a heating profile (for electric or liquid heating) on the rail can be improved by using horizontally oriented clamping brackets and / or by making use of existing mounting means for an existing spare part.

It is known from practice to place an electric heating ribbon, optionally encased by a glass fiber stocking (so-called braid) impregnated with hardening synthetic resin, directly against a part of a rail to be heated and to be attached to it at regular intervals along its length by clamping brackets .

Preferably, one or more of the following applies to the ribbon: prefabricated profile; prefab ribbon; aluminum profile; profile comprises a thin-walled sleeve with preferably closed cross-section; profile contains two tubes with mutual space; sleeves are interconnected via a body plate; bending stiffness sleeve or profile at least 50% or 100% higher than that of ribbon; internal cross-section profile or sleeve sufficiently tight to allow damage-free sliding of the ribbon; profile or tube length at least 2 meters; profile suitable for UIC60 or UIC54 or MP46 type rail; profile or case not covered with a layer of heat insulation.

The advantages of the ribbon include one or more of: the aluminum surface of the profile emits less heat compared to the surface of the ribbon (radiant heat), whereby the profile brings more heat via contact to the rail (contact heat); the profile has good dimensional stability during the lifetime of the switch heating, which guarantees heat contact with the rail (the ribbon has more problems with shrinking and expansion due to temperature variation, which causes the rail to deviate over time); the profile protects the ribbon against weather influences and mechanical damage.

For example NL1022069C1 (Movares / Icesolution) discloses the mounting of a heating profile directly into the body (also called: the soul) of the rail; the bolt holes in the heating profile are close-fitting. WO2013 / 037635 (Triples) discloses a clamping bracket mounted on the rail foot that holds the heating profile pressed against the body of the rail, thus keeping the rail intact.

Preferably one or more of the following applies to the invention (horizontally oriented clamping brackets and / or the use of existing mounting means for an existing spare part): the profile is a thin-walled, closed box section made of metal, such as steel or stainless steel (e.g. Titanium reinforced, the profile includes a large hole that receives the base of the clamping bracket preferably with ample play and allows this base to support directly against the rail, preferably the web thereof, the clamping bracket has a base for preferably directly supporting against the rail rail; on the base a wing connects on one or both opposite sides; the base contains a bolt hole or hole for an alternative mounting means; a wing runs obliquely away from the base and, at a distance from the base, extends in opposite directions direction, a wing has two or three corners that enclose one another (preferably directly on e l connect together) and / or the wing encloses a corner with the base; the clamping bracket is made of spring steel; the clamping bracket is mounted with a fastening means, such as bolt, which was already present for the mounting of a replacement part, such as a sliding chair or tongue support; the clamping bracket is mounted by disassembling a fixing means located on the switch, such as bolt, then placing the clamping bracket and then replacing the original fixing means or a similar or replacement fixing means, for example the original fixing means with modification; the base of the clamping bracket rests on a part of a, preferably detachable, exchange part, such as tongue support, which exchange part protrudes through the hole in the profile and rests directly against the rail soul; the one or more tubes extend behind the change part, possibly included in a recess made in the change part; the replacement part is dismantled, then the profile is placed, then the replacement part is replaced, then or before the clamping bracket is placed, then the replacement part and clamping bracket are fixed, possibly together with the fastener of the replacement part.

The advantage of the invention includes one or more of the following: for the profile there is freedom of settlement for inevitably expanding and shrinking due to temperature fluctuations (with heating switched on, the profile can reach 200 degrees Celsius or higher, with heating switched off minus 15 degrees Celsius or colder ); the profile is pressed over a large length by the clamping bracket because the clamping bracket extends the length of the profile; the clamping brackets are inexpensive; the assembly is reliable; there is little heat loss via the mounting bolt because the heat flow must go from the profile via the clamping bracket to the mounting bolt and the clamping bracket is thin and has few contact points with the profile; the clamping bracket is small in size, so low use of materials; fastening means already present at the switch for an existing switch component are used.

A ribbon is known for Graybar (United Kingdom) that is encased in a fiberglass braid impregnated with hardening plastic. This ribbon must be connected to the galvanic power supply via a transformer.

The metal sheath of the ribbon is encased in a coating providing a coating (e.g., foil) to which one or more of the following applies: of organic and / or mineral material, such as polyimide or mica; whether or not self-adhesive foil; fired; whether or not it is stuck to the mantle; in a single layer or in at least or precisely one, two, three or four layers on top of each other; wrapped helically or helically in strips, possibly renversé, or two, three or more strips side by side; wrapped under pre-stress; only the beginning and the end of the wound strip are secured, for example by sticking; an edge overlap of the adjacent strips; border overlap at least 1 or 5 and / or at most 15 or 30 mm; edge overlap at least 10 or 20% and / or at most 60 or 75% of the strip width, for example approximately 50%; layer thickness, for example of a single layer of foil, at least 0.001 or 0.01 or 0.1 millimeter and / or at most 0.5 or 1.0 millimeter.

For the encased ribbon, one or more of the following preferably applies: mounted directly against the metal of the rail; by mounting means, such as clamping means, for example clamping brackets, placed along its length with spacing, mounted directly or indirectly on the rail; placed over its substantially entire length in a thin-walled prefabricated tube with preferably closed profile, which tube preferably has sealed ends to be gas and / or liquid-tight; the sleeve is made of metal, such as aluminum and / or, preferably integrally, part of a heating profile equipped with two such sleeves, each comprising a ribbon; the sleeve or heating profile is mounted, preferably directly, against the metal of the rail; the inner space of the sleeve contains, in addition to the ribbon, nothing but a gas and / or a liquid; without the intervention of a transformer, the resistance wires are connected to the galvanic power supply; the one end of the ribbon is loose in the sleeve, preferably terminating at a distance from the associated sealed end of the sleeve; at least the galvanic connecting wires protruding from the other end of the ribbon and optionally also one or more other parts of the ribbon, projected through the associated end of the sleeve; an end of the ribbon, preferably from which the galvanic connecting wires protrude, is fixed with the sleeve, for example the part of the ribbon protruding outside the sleeve is fixed with the sleeve; the ribbon part located inside the sleeve lies loosely in the sleeve over its entire length.

The advantage of the coated ribbon is one or more of: better heat transfer to the rail because presumably the cover layer provides an increase in the number of contact points with the object to be heated, as the cover layer forms an uneven or irregular surface of the ribbon leads, in particular when applying a foil, whereby a clear thickening occurs at the edges of overlap; better heat transfer to the rail because the cover layer ensures that the ribbon radiates less heat to the environment (radiant heat) and at the same time transfers more heat through contact (contact heat); a guaranteed service life of 15 years.

Further explanation of the invention with reference to the drawing, without limiting the invention thereto.

Shown is:

FIG. 1: a railway changeover heated before freezing;

FIG. 2: 1-wing clamp bracket of the invention;

FIG. 3 + 4: top and side view of fig. 2;

FIG. 5: 2-wing clamp bracket of the invention;

FIG. 6 + 7: top and side view of fig. 5;

FIG. 8 a rail with the invention;

FIG. 9 is the section along line A-A in FIG. 8;

FIG. 10: a piece change from above;

FIG. 11: a photograph of a mounted clamp bracket;

FIG. 12: a photo of a disassembled tongue support.

The dimensions given in the drawing are in millimeters.

FIG. 8 shows the mounting with a 2-wing clamp according to the invention of an aluminum heating profile. The base of the clamping bracket rests directly against the body of the rail, for which purpose a hole (preferably rectangular or equal to the shape of the base) is made in which the clamping base fits with ample clearance so that the aluminum profile can shrink unimpeded and expanding without the hole edge sliding against the fixed clamping base.

An alternative aluminum profile comprises three tubes one above the other, the lower and upper ones of which contain a ribbon and the side wall of the middle tube contains openings for placing and securing the clamping brackets. This profile can be used for two types of rail by adapted design from one side and the other.

FIG. 10 shows a piece of change with tongue supports at the location of sleepers.

FIG. 11 shows how the base of the clamping bracket rests on the mounting lip of the tongue support. In the alu profile, a large rectangular hole is made between the two sleeves. The base of the tongue support protrudes through this hole and rests directly against the rail soul, as usual. The sleeves run behind the tongue support, for which purpose the base of the tongue support may have received two recesses to provide space for the sleeves. The alu profile is placed by disassembling the tongue support, then placing the alu profile, then replacing the tongue support, then placing the clamping bracket and finally inserting the bolt through the clamping bracket and the tongue support and the rail soul and screw it tight with the nut . The base of the clamping bracket is therefore at a distance from the aluminum profile and rests against the rail soul via the base of the tongue support.

FIG. 12 shows a disassembled tongue support viewed against the base supporting the rail soul with a recess arranged above and below into which the sleeves of the aluminum profile fit precisely.

The features disclosed herein can be taken together individually in any other conceivable combination and permutation to provide an alternative to the invention without departing from the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (20)

Railway switch with switch heating, which switch heating comprises a separate, prefabricated and form-retaining metal heating profile (4) mounted on a rail (1) of the switch, preferably with at least one or two radially closed tubes (2), for example the one near the head and / or the other near the foot of the rail, which one or both tubes each have a heating source (3) connected to an electric power source, extend along the length of the tubes or are connected via a supply or discharge line on a source of heating fluid, and these at least one or two sleeves are mutually motionlessly interconnected via a body plate belonging to the heating profile and adapted to feed a part of the rail, such as the rail, fed by the heating tape or the heating fluid. head or foot of the rail, to be heated; the heating profile is mounted by a separate clamping bracket that extends parallel to the longitudinal direction of the rail. 2. Switch according to claim 1, the length of the heating profile and the tubes is at least 2 meters; and / or the heating profile (4) and the tubes (2) extend along the length of the rail (1). 3. Turnout according to claim 1 or 2, of the heating profile (4), the web plate comprises a mounting hole into which the clamping base (11) of the separate clamping bracket fits with ample clearance, which clamping base of the clamping bracket preferably rests directly against the web of the rail (1). Switch according to one of claims 1-3, which clamping bracket is mounted on the rail of the rail with a mounting means protruding through a bolt hole (12) in its clamping base, such as a bolt (19) and the heating profile (4) against the web of the rail (1). The switch as claimed in any one of claims 1-4, one or more of the following applies to the clamping bracket: has an elongated shape; a clamping wing (13) connects to the flat clamping base (11) on one or both opposite sides; one or each clamping wing runs, seen against its long narrow side, zigzag shaped, so obliquely away from the clamping base dl); at a distance from the clamping base, the clamping wing extends in the opposite direction. 6. Switch as claimed in any of the claims 1-5, wherein one or more of the following applies to the clamping bracket: one or each clamping wing, seen in the longitudinal direction of the rail, has two or three consecutive and enclosing an angle with each other , preferably flat, wing parts (14, 15, 16) that preferably connect directly to each other; one or each clamping wing (13) encloses a corner with the clamping base (11). Switch according to one of claims 1-6, the clamping bracket is designed in such a way that the clamping bracket, in the unloaded condition, the two clamping wings (13) spaced from the clamping base (11) by the two wing parts ( 14, 15) determined to the front (17) and at a further distance from the clamping base has a pointed roof-shaped piece protruding through the two wing parts (15, 16) to the rear (18) relative to the plane in which the clamping base (11) lies, which shape provides the required clamping action to permanently clamp the heating profile (4) against the rail (1) through the clamping bracket. Switch as claimed in any of the claims 1-7, wherein one or more of the following applies to the clamping bracket: the clamping bracket is formed from a flat strip of spring steel; the clamping bracket has a symmetrical shape; the clamping wings (13) are located on either side of the bolt hole (12), viewed in the longitudinal direction of the rail; the longitudinal direction of the clamping bracket runs parallel to the longitudinal direction of the rail, so the clamping bracket is oriented horizontally. 9. Method for installing a heating profile (4) of a switch heater on site at a rail (1) equipped with a switch tongue support of a railway switch already in operation, the switch tongue support being dismantled by removing the rail soul inserting fixing bolt of the switch tongue support, to accommodate the heating profile (4), after removing the switch tongue support, the heating profile (4) is placed against the rail (1), then the switch tongue support is replaced, then the clamping bracket is placed, and then the switch tongue support and the clamping bracket are fixed by replacing and tightening the fixing bolt of the exchange tongue support, all this preferably such that the fixing bolt protrudes through the clamping bracket, the exchange tongue support, the heating profile and the rail soul and so that the clamping bracket is mounted with the fixing bolt, which was already present before the mounting e of the tongue support. Method according to claim 9, and the clamping base (11) of the clamping bracket rests against the tongue support and the tongue support extends through the mounting hole in the heating profile (4) and thereby supports directly against the rail soul and the clamping wings (13) engage directly pressing on the heating profile and keeping the heating profile clamped against the rail (1). A method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the heating profile (4) is a prefabricated and form-retaining metal heating profile (4), preferably comprises at least one or two radially closed tubes (2), for example the one close to the head and / or the others near the base of the rail, which one or both tubes are adapted to each be connected to an electric power source, by including a heating ribbon (3) extending along the length of the tubes or by means of a supply or discharge line are connected to a source of heating fluid, and these at least one or two sleeves are mutually motionlessly interconnected via a body plate belonging to the heating profile and adapted to feed a part of the rail, fed by the heating tape or the heating fluid, such as the head or the base of the rail. 12. Method according to any of claims 9-11, the length of the heating profile and the sleeves is at least 2 meters; and / or the heating profile (4) and the tubes (2) extend along the length of the rail (1). Method according to one of claims 9-12, of the heating profile (4), the web plate comprises a mounting hole into which the clamping base (11) of the separate clamping bracket fits with ample play, which clamping base of the clamping bracket preferably rests directly against the body of the rail (1). 14. Method according to one of claims 9-13, one or more of the following applies to the clamping bracket: has an elongated shape; a clamping wing (13) connects to the flat clamping base (11) on one or both opposite sides; one or each clamping wing runs, seen against its long narrow side, zigzag shaped, so obliquely away from the clamping base (11); at a distance from the clamping base, the clamping wing extends in the opposite direction. A method according to any one of claims 9-14, wherein one or more of the following applies to the clamping bracket: one or each clamping wing, viewed in the longitudinal direction of the rail, has two or three consecutive and enclosing an angle with each other , preferably flat, wing parts (14, 15, 16) that preferably connect directly to each other; one or each clamping wing (13) encloses a corner with the clamping base (11). 16. Method according to one of claims 9-15, the clamping bracket is designed such that the clamping bracket, in the unloaded state, the two clamping wings (13) spaced from the clamping base (11) by the two wing parts ( 14, 15) determined to the front (17) and at a further distance from the clamping base has a pointed roof-shaped piece protruding through the two wing parts (15, 16) to the rear (18) relative to the plane in which the clamping base (11) lies, which shape provides the required clamping action to permanently clamp the heating profile (4) against the rail (1) through the clamping bracket. A method according to any of claims 9-16, wherein one or more of the following applies to the clamping bracket: the clamping bracket is formed from a flat strip of spring steel; the clamping bracket has a symmetrical shape; the clamping wings (13) are located on either side of the bolt hole (12), viewed in the longitudinal direction of the rail; the longitudinal direction of the clamping bracket runs parallel to the longitudinal direction of the rail, so the clamping bracket is oriented horizontally. Method according to any of claims 9-17, the heating profile is mounted by a separate clamping bracket which extends parallel to the longitudinal direction of the rail. A switch or method according to any of claims 1-18, with one or more of: the ribbon lying loose or free in the heating profile; the internal cross section of the heating profile and / or the sleeve is sufficiently tight to allow damage-free sliding of the ribbon; the heating profile and / or the sleeve only contains the ribbon as filling material; the heating profile and / or the duct is not covered with a layer of heat insulation; the bending flexibility of the sleeve and / or heating profile is at least 50% or 100% higher than that of the ribbon; the ribbon comprises a longitudinally extending, elongated resistance element, such as wire, in a sheath of galvanically insulating material. 20. Clamping bracket suitable for the switch according to one of claims 1-8 or the method according to one of claims 9-19.