MXPA97008700A

MXPA97008700A - Structural textile materials of open mesh compounds league

Info

Publication number: MXPA97008700A
Application number: MXPA/A/1997/008700A
Authority: MX
Inventors: Edward Stevenson Peter; W Bruner Jeffrey
Original assignee: W Bruner Jeffrey; Edward Stevenson Peter; The Tensar Corporation
Priority date: 1995-05-12
Filing date: 1997-11-11
Publication date: 1998-02-01

Abstract

The present invention relates to the open mesh structural textile materials are formed by woven fabrics. The textile material (10) is formed from at least two and preferably three components. The first component, or face support member is a multifilament or monofilament yarn of high tenacity, high modulus and low elongation. The second component is a wire polymer or other form that encapsulates and binds yarns in the joints to strengthen the joints. The third component is a bundle thread or additional effect. In the woven textile component material, a quantity of warp yarns (14) is woven with a quantity of weft yarns (filling) of fully crossed or half-crossed woven fabric. At least a part of the warp and weft yarns are first component load bearing yarns. The polymer component is used as required by the binding properties necessary for the finished product, and especially to provide an improved joint strength. Bulk yarns or effects are used as warp and / or weft yarns and / or woven yarns as required to provide the desired package in the textile and a relative thickness profile for the product ends

Description

STRUCTURAL TEXTILE MATERIALS OF OPEN MESH LINED COMPOUNDS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to open mesh structural materials bonded compounds mainly designed to be used as structural load bearing elements in earthworks construction applications such as earth containment systems (in which the load bearing element) is used to internally reinforce building materials or steeply sloped ground to improve its structural stability), foundation improvement systems (in which the load bearing element is used to support and / or reinforce internally foundation or earth fill materials to improve its load-bearing capacity), paving improvement systems (in which the load-bearing element is used to internally reinforce flexible pavements or to support rigid modular paving units to improve its structural performance and extend its useful life ) or protection systems against erosion (in which the load bearing element is used to internally confine or reinforce construction fill materials or soil in structures that are subject to erosion or that prevent erosion elsewhere by dissipating wave energy in water open). While the materials of the present invention have many diverse applications, they have been primarily designed to represent unique features that are important in engineering construction of earthworks and special emphasis is placed on such uses throughout this application. 2. Description of the Previous Technique Geographical and geotextile materials are polymeric materials used as filtration, separation and load bearing elements in many earthworks construction applications. There are four general types of materials used in such applications: 1) structural geogrillas formed integrally; 2) woven or woven textile materials; 3) woven or woven open-mesh textile materials (which are generally configured to have a similarity and compete with integrally formed structural geogrillas); and 4) non-woven textile materials. Integrally formed structural geogrillas are formed by extrusion molding a flat sheet of polymeric material, punching apertures in the sheet with a generally quadrangular or rectangular design and then stretching on an axis or on two axes the apertured sheet or extrusion molding a sheet structure. integrally formed mesh that constitutes a sheet with openings with a generally quadrangular or rectangular design and then stretching on one axis or on two axes the sheets with openings. Woven or woven fabrics are formed by mechanically interweaving or weaving polymer fibers or fiber bundles with conventional weaving or textile weaving technologies. Open mesh woven fabrics are formed in this same way and usually also include a subsequent coating process. Nonwoven textiles are formed by various techniques including the superposition and mechanical mixing of polymer fibers (generally by needle sewing). Some processes then calender and / or thermally fuse the fiber blanket. The structural geogrillas formed integrally are well known in the market and are an accepted accomplishment in many applications of construction of earthworks. Textiles woven or woven open mesh, generally characterized and marketed as textile geogrillas, compete directly with structural geogrillas formed integrally in many applications and have also achieved an accepted position in the market of the construction of earthworks. Competition between any of these "geographical" materials and conventional woven or woven fabrics is less frequent. Non-woven fabrics are subject to high elongation under load and are not normally used in construction applications for load bearing earthworks. The competition between any of the materials of "geogrilla" and non-woven textiles is negligible. The characteristics of integrally formed structural geogrillas and open mesh woven or woven fabrics are significantly different in many aspects. The materials formed integrally present a high structural integrity with a high initial module, high joint strength and high torsion and bending stiffness. Its rigid structure and substantial cross-sectional profile also facilitate direct mechanical fit with construction fill materials, with adjoining sections thereof when they are superimposed and embedded in construction fill materials and with rigid mechanical connectors such as punches, clamps or hooks. This characteristic of integrally formed structural geogrillas provides excellent resistance to extraction in earth containing applications. The integrally formed structural geogrillas interact with filler materials of particle or earth construction through the process of penetration of construction fill materials or soil into the openings of the geogrilla. The result is that the geogrilla and the construction fill materials or earth act together to form a reinforced solid matrix. Both the members of longitudinal resistance and the members of transversal resistance and the continuity of resistance between the transverse and longitudinal members of the geogrilla are essential in this process of interlacing and reinforcement. If the joint between the transverse and longitudinal members fails, the geogrhilla stops functioning in this manner and the reinforcement effect is considerably reduced. Its rigid structure also facilitates its use in very weak or wet seat layers when the placement of said load bearing materials and the subsequent placement of construction fill materials is difficult. Woven or open mesh weave materials have greater elongation under load, lower initial modulus, smoother handling and flexibility. They also have a low joint strength that limits their effectiveness in direct mechanical fit with construction fill materials, with adjoining sections thereof when they are embedded in construction fill materials or with rigid mechanical connectors. As a result, said materials are mainly used in applications that depend on a frictional contact surface with construction fillers to transfer structural loads to the load bearing element and users of such materials also avoid applications involving connections with mechanical connectors. rigid. Also, its low torsional and flexural rigidity limits its performance and practical effectiveness in certain applications with earthworks such as constructions on very weak seat layers or reinforcement of fill in foundation improvement applications. The attributes that are most pertinent to the use of polymeric materials in structural load bearing applications are: (a) the load transfer mechanism by which the structural forces are transferred to the load-bearing member, (b) the load-carrying capacity of the load-bearing member; (c) the structural integrity of the load bearing element when subjected to deformation forces in its installation and use; and (d) the resistance to the load bearing element to degradation (ie, loss of key properties) when subjected to installation or environmental stress.

The limitations of woven or open mesh woven fabrics with respect to the first three attributes listed above mainly result from a lack of stiffness and stiffness in the fibers or bundles of fibers in the joint zones of these materials in which many fibers or bundles of fibers are interspersed, interwoven or intermeshed in a manner that is characteristic of a woven or woven structure and which does not cause the load-bearing fibers or bundles of fibers to be stiff or fixed relative to each other. its dimension Attempts have been made to dimensionally fix the fibers or bundles of fibers in the joint areas of woven or open-weave fabrics. For example, said textile materials are normally coated with another material such as polyvinyl chloride after the main textile structure is formed on a weaving or weaving loom. This technique improves the dimensional stability of the fibers or bundles of fibers in the joint area to a certain extent and also protects the fibers along the fabric against abrasion. However, this technique has not provided sufficient joint strength or sufficient initial modulus to allow these materials to be functionally comparable with structural geogrillas formed integrally or that are directly competitive with structural geogrillas formed integrally in certain land construction construction applications. Requirements that require load transfer by direct mechanical fit, require a high initial modulus or require high structural integrity or rigidity in the load bearing element.

COMPENDIUM OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide an open-mesh textile material having improved adaptability for use with a structural load-bearing element in earthworks construction applications of a certain requirement. It is another object of the present invention to provide an open-mesh textile material with improvements in one or more of the following attributes: (a) its load transfer mechanism (specifically its adaptability for direct mechanical fit with construction fill materials, with adjacent sections thereof when it is superimposed and encased in construction fill materials and with rigid mechanical connectors such as punches , hooks or clamps); (b) its load capacity (specifically its initial modulus, that is, its resistance to elongation when initially subjected to loading); (c) its structural integrity (specifically its joint strength and its torsional and flexural rigidity); and (d) its durability (specifically its resistance to degradation when subjected to installation effort and the environment). These and other objects of the present invention will become apparent with reference to the specification and claims that follow. Compound open mesh structural textile materials bonded according to the present invention are open mesh woven fabrics formed from at least two and preferably three polymeric components. The first component, the load bearing element, is a low elongation multifilament or monofilament polymer fiber, high initial modulus, high tenacity or a bundle of said fibers, each fiber having a homogeneous or two component structure. The second component, a linking element, is an independent polymer material in the form of multifilament or monofilament and with a homogeneous or two-component structure that encapsulates and binds the fibers in the joint areas of open-mesh textile material thus reinforcing the joint, and ndu reciendo the composite material, increasing its resistance to elongation under load and increasing its resistance to degradation when subjected to effort of the environment or installation. The third component, when it is used, is an effect or package fiber that increases the cross-section of the structure of the bound composite textile material, increasing its rigidity and increasing its effectiveness in mechanical interlacing with filler materials. construction of particles. In the open mesh woven fabric a plurality of warp fibers (commonly referred to as yarns) are closely woven with a plurality of weft yarns. The textile ligament preferably comprises a cross-woven or fully cross woven ligament. At least a part of the warp yarns and the weft yarns are load bearing yarns of the first component. The second polymer component is used as required by the bonding properties necessary for the finished product, and especially to provide improved joint strength. The effect or package threads are used as warp and / or weft threads and / or wood threads. The effect or package threads increase the friction with adjacent threads (fiber cohesion with fiber) to provide better stability and structural integrity in the general material. Two or more effect or package threads interlacing with each other provide the greatest stability and the greatest joint strength. The effect or package yarns also provide the desired package in the textile and a relative thickness profile for the finished product to improve its effectiveness in mechanical entanglement with particulate construction fillers. The second component can be incorporated into the textile material in various ways. The second component can be provided by a fusible link yarn, either monofilament or multifilament, which is preferably a two component yarn having a low temperature melt coating and a high temperature melting core. In the woven textile material, the fusible link yarns can be used as warp and / or weft yarns and / or woolen yarns to provide improved seal strength. Alternatively, the second component can be provided by a suitable polymer applied and bound to the textile material after it leaves the loom. The second component can also be provided by a combination of a fusible link yarn and an additional polymeric material independently applied and bound to the fabric.

According to an embodiment of the invention wherein a fusible link yarn is used, the woven fabric is heated to melt the fusible polymer component, e.g. to melt the monofilament fibers or the lining of the two-component fibers. This causes the fusible polymer component to flow around and encapsulate other components of the textile material and protect, strengthen and harden the joints. According to another embodiment of the invention, the woven fabric is impregnated with a suitable polymer which flows around and encapsulates other components of the textile material, especially the joints. The impregnated textile material is then heated to dry and / or cure the polymer to bind the yarns especially at the joints. According to yet another embodiment of the invention, a polymer fabric or sheet is applied to the woven fabric material and heated to melt the fabric or sheet causing the polymer to flow around and encapsulate other components of the fabric. The materials produced according to the present invention have a number of advantages compared to conventional open mesh or woven fabrics. The materials can be modified to satisfy different applications by selecting the type and quantity and location of the load bearing wires of the first component and the fusible wires of the second component and / or other independent polymeric bonding materials and the type and location of the materials. optional package threads of the third component. Thus, the material can be tailored to meet particular applications. The materials produced in accordance with the present invention can be designed to achieve specific tractional properties in the longitudinal direction or both in the longitudinal and transverse directions. The use of fusible yarns and / or other polymeric bonding materials to reinforce the joints and / or increase the rigidity of general material also allows greater flexibility in the design and commercial use of such materials. Low cost packaged yarns can be used in a variety of inexpensive ways to provide a profile of greater cross-section and bulk without sacrificing strength or other desirable characteristics. For example, some or all of the warp or weft yarn bundles may be selected to provide a thickness profile by adding bundle yarns or additional strength yarns. The resulting thickness profile, either in all of the yarn bundles or in certain bundles of selected yarns, for example every six bundles of weft yarn, will provide improved resistance to extraction. The thickness yarn bundle profile in the bonded composite open mesh structural textile works in a manner similar to the vertical faces of an integrally formed structural geogrile. Finally, the materials produced according to the present invention can be manufactured using conventional weaving equipment. This allows the use of widely available fabric equipment and minimizes the cost of producing such materials. In summary, the products of the inventive concepts of the present invention provide, among others, the following advantages: Improved joint strength - Provides better reinforcement through superior confinement. Better resistance to extraction. You make high profile (fiber - Provides better reinforcement or thick girdle) already through a better machine or machine resistance to the extraction of bias or direction of bias machine. Engineering features - Improved flexure rigidity of the impregnation polymer - Improved torsional rigidity results - Improved performance of load elongation of true initial modulus Improved reinforcement through improved bonding (earth / textile friction) resulting in a better resistance to extraction (the disadvantage of PVC coating as in certain prior art products is that it loses its plasticizers and weakens and becomes soft / slippery) 4. Engineered polymers in - Provide better fiber, polymer of chemical and mechanical durability impregnation and shape of the through the resistance to textile material chemical attack and abrasion resistance BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an open mesh structural textile material bound in accordance with the present invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of a portion of the bonded composite open mesh structural fabric of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a schematic plan view of a portion of a mesh structural textile construction. open bound composite according to the present invention showing another fabric design. Fig. 3 (A) is a schematic plan view of a portion of the bonded composite open mesh structural fabric construction of Fig. 3 showing a variation in the wood ligament. Fig. 3 (B) is a schematic plan view of a portion of the construction of the bound composite open mesh structural textile material of Fig. 3 showing another variation in the wood ligament. Fig. 4 is a schematic plan view of a portion of the construction of the composite open mesh structural fabric bound in accordance with the present invention showing yet another woven design. Fig. 5 is a schematic plan view of a part of the construction of the composite open mesh structural textile material bonded according to the present invention showing yet another fabric design. Fig. 6 is a schematic sectional view of a containment wall formed using bound open-mesh structural textile materials according to the present invention. Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a reinforced embankment constructed on weak earth using structural textile materials of poorly open composite components according to the present invention. Fig. 8 is a schematic sectional view of steep abrupt slopes that increase the mud containment capacity of a mud containment source using bonded open mesh structural fabrics according to the present invention. Fig. 9 is a schematic sectional view of a sanitary landfill backing provided by a composite open mesh structural fabric bonded in accordance with the present invention. Fig. 10 is a schematic sectional view of the stability of a soil ("veneer") over a slope liner provided by an open mesh structural fabric bonded composite according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS With reference to Figs. 1 and 2, the bidirectional woven textile material 10 takes the form of the open mesh textile or open mesh fabric 12 of the present invention. The textile material 10 is formed of a plurality of separate weft yarn bundles 14. Each weft of yarn is formed of a plurality of return, fill or weft yarns 16 (16a-f). Each beam 14 of weft threads 16 includes side turn or weft threads 16a and 16f. The wefts of weft yarn 14 are woven together with a plurality of separate warp yarn bundles 18. Each of the warp yarn bundles 18 is formed of a plurality of warp yarns 20 (20a-h). Each warp yarn bundle 18 comprises pairs of side warp yarns 20a-b and 20g-h. In the joints or joints 22 of the open-mesh fabric 12, the weft yarns 16 are woven or interwoven with the warp yarns 20. At least four weft yarns 16 are interlocked or interwoven with at least four warp yarns 20 in the warp yarn. the joints or joints 22 of the open mesh fabric 12. As illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, each weft yarn 16 (eg 16d) is interlocked with the warp yarns 20 independently of the adjacent weft yarns 16 (eg 16c and 16e) and each warp yarn 20 (eg 20d) ) is interlocked with the weft threads 16 independently of the adjacent warp threads 20 (eg 20c and 20e). The weft threads 16 and the warp yarns 20 are interlaced in a plain weave (1/1) as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2. However, the weft threads 16 and the warp yarns 20 could also be intertwined in other designs of highly interwoven textile ligaments such as weave in diagonal lines (eg 1/2, 2/1, 3/1, 1/3 , 2/2, 3/3). As illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, the warp ends of the pairs of adjacent warp yarns 20a and 20b, 20c and 20d, 20e and 20f and 20g and 20h, respectively, are twisted alternately in a clockwise and counterclockwise direction by 24 (180 °) and 25 (180 °) to provide a total twist (360 °) or a woven textile ligature fully crossed between the adjacent weft yarn bundles 14. Alternatively, the warp ends of the adjacent warp yarns are provided. they twist only in one direction between the adjacent weft yarn bundles 14 to form a half twist (180 °) or a cross-woven textile weave (not shown) between the adjacent weft yarn bundles 14. The woven textile material of The present invention can be obtained on any conventional loom, such as a Rapier loom. As illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, each beam of weft yarn 14 has six weft yarns 16a-f and each warp yarn beam 18 has eight warp yarns 20a-h. The loom will normally throw fourteen to twenty-four false sets for a full cycle of twenty to thirty sets. The maximum number of sets per inch will generally be around 20 to 36. The number of ends of the warp per inch will generally be about 6 to 18. The open-mesh textile 12 has side members or machine members. (wefts of weft yarn 14) and machine direction members or longitudinal members 28 (warp yarn bundles 18) that are interconnected at joints 22 to define relatively large openings 30 through which earth, water or other material may pass. material when the 12 open mesh textile material is placed on the ground. The openings 30 will normally be about 3/4 to 1 inch. Although the openings 30 are illustrated as squares, they can be rectangular. If desired, the openings 30 may be up to 12 inches or more in the warp direction. There may be as little as 6 to 10 hours of weft (in a cross member) by 12 inches of warp that will produce an unbalanced structure analogous to an integral geography oriented on a single axis. The shape and size of the openings 30 will depend on the performance requirements of open mesh textile materials; however, the shape and size of the openings can be selected by adjusting the relative position of the wefts of weft yarn 14 and the warp yarn bundles 18. The open-weave textile 12 has a first side 32 and a second side 34. Figs. 3-5 show additional constructions of the woven material according to the present invention in which the same numerical references are used as in Fig. 1 for the same components or elements except in the series "100", "200" and "300" ", respectively. More specifically, Fig. 3 shows a woven fabric construction 10 which is similar to the woven fabric 10 of Fig. 1 except only that the warp ends of the adjacent warp yarn pairs 120a and 120b and 120g and 120h, respectively, form a circle with a half twist at 124 (180 °) and 125 (180 °) to provide full twist (360 °) or a woven textile weave completely crossed between the adjacent weft yarn bundles 1 14. As with respect to Figs. 1 and 2, alternatively, the warp ends of the warp yarn pairs 120a and 120b, and 120g and 120h, respectively, can be circled only with a half twist (180 °) between the adjacent weft yarn bundles 1 14 for forming a half-cross woven textile weave 136 between the adjacent weft yarn bundles 114 as illustrated in Fig. 3 (A). As a further alternative, the warp ends of the adjacent warp yarn pairs 120a and 120b and 120g and 120h, respectively, can form a cross-woven loom textile fabric 138 between the adjacent weft yarns 116a-f as illustrated in FIG. Fig. 3 (B), that is, the warp ends can form a circle with a half twist (180 °) between the adjacent weft yarns 116a-f. Fig. 4 shows another construction of woven textile material 210. In this construction, a woolen yarn 236 is woven into yet another form of textile lozenge half crisscrossing in a woven fabric construction 210. The yarn wood 236 is woven into the fabric. section 236a diagonally to the warp yarn bundle 218 along the second side 234 of the textile material 212, in the section 236b parallel to the warp yarn bundle 218 along the first side 232 of the textile material 212, and in the section 236c diagonally to the warp yarn bundle 218 along the second side 234 of the textile material 212. Alternatively, the section 236b of the yarn wood 236 may be woven or interwoven with weft yarns 216 of weft yarn 214. yarn wood 236 is woven under tension and gives firmness and strength to the wefts of weft and warp yarn 214 and 218, preventing slippage and dislodging of weft yarns 216 and warp yarns 220. Yarn wood 236 also Fig. 5 illustrates a woven fabric construction 310 that is similar to the construction of woven fabric 110 of Fig. 3 except that two woven yarns 336 and 338 are woven into another textile weave 222. FIG. medium cross logs in a woven textile fabric construction 310 and both sections 336b and 338b of woolen threads 236 and 238, respectively, are woven or interwoven with weft yarn weft threads 316 of weft yarn 314. Also, yarn wood 338 knit in the section 338a diagonally to the warp yarn bundle 318 along the first side 332 of the fabric 312 and in the section 338c diagonally to the warp yarn bundle 318 along the first side 332 of the textile material 312. Both Wood yarns 336 and 338 are woven under tension to prevent sliding and dislodging the weft yarns 316 and the warp yarns 320 and to increase the strength of the seal 322. Figs. 3-5 are schematic views enlarged in plan like Fig. 2. However, it should be understood that the seals 122, 222 and 322 in Figs. 3-5, respectively, are closely interlocked or interwoven in a manner similar to the seal 22 illustrated in FIG. 1. A majority of the weft and warp yarns are preferably the load bearing member., namely, multifilament or monofilament yarns, low elongation, low modulus and high tenacity. Suitable multifilament or monofilament yarns are formed of polyester, polyvinylalcohol, nylon, aramid, glass fiber and polyethylene naphthalate. The load bearing member should have a strength of at least about 5 grams per diner, and preferably at least about 9 to 10 grams per diner. The initial Young's modulus of the load bearing member should be around 100 grams / diner, preferably around 150 to 400 grams / diner. The elongation of the load bearing member should be less than about 18%, preferably less than about 10%. The load support member will normally have a diner of about 1,000 to 2,000, preferably around 2,000 to 8,000. The textile materials can be produced with an approximately equal strength in the longitudinal or machine direction and in the lateral or cross machine direction. Alternatively, textile materials can be produced with greater strength either in the longitudinal direction or in the lateral direction. The selection of the strength characteristics of the textile materials will be determined based on the requirements of the application design. The fusible link yarns, if incorporated into the fabric, are used as warp and / or weft yarns and / or woolen yarns as required for the desired bonding properties and especially the bonding properties needed to achieve the necessary strength of the meetings. When the textile material is heated to melt the fusible polymer component, it flows around other components of the textile material and encapsulates it by binding and stabilizing the structure of the textile material and protecting the yarns bearing the load of chemical attack and abrasion. The fusible yarn may be a multi-filament or monofilament yarn form and of a homogeneous or two-component composition. The preferred fusible yarn is a two component yarn such as one having a low melting polyethylene acid polysophthalic surfactant or the like and a high melting polyester core or the like. The two-component yarn can also be a side-by-side yarn in which two different components (one of low melting and one of high melting) are fused along the axis and having an asymmetric cross-section or a two-element yarn constituents having one component dispersed in a matrix of the other component, the two components having different melting points. The high and low melt components can also be polyethylene and polypropylene, respectively, polyesters with different melting points or polyamide and polyester, respectively. The two component yarn will generally be composed of 30 to 70% of its weight of the low melting component and 70 to 30% of its weight of the high melting component. The fusible yarn may also be a coated extrusion yarn having a low melt coating or a low melting point yarn (eg polyethylene) used in the fabric structure next to other yarns. As an alternative to the use of fusible link wires, or in addition to using fusible link wires, the textile material is impregnated with a suitable polymer after it leaves the loom. The textile material can be passed through a polymer bath or sprayed with a polymer. The impregnating material generally comprises an aqueous dispersion of the polymer. In the impregnation process, the polymer flows along other components of the textile material and encapsulates them, especially the joints of the textile material. The impregnated textile material is then heated to dry and / or cure the polymer to bind the yarns especially at the joints. The polymer can be a urethane, acrylic, vinyl, rubber or other appropriate polymer that forms a bond with the yarns used in the textile material. The urethane polymer can be, for example, an aliphatic polyurethane dispersible in water, such as polycarbonate polyurethane, which can be degraded to optimize its film properties, for example with an aziridine-degrader. Suitable urethane polymers and degraders are marketed by Stahl USA, Peabody, Massachusetts (eg aqueous polyurethane UE-41-503 and aziridine degraded KM-10-1703) and by Sanncore Industries, Inc. Loeminister, Massachusetts (e.g. polyurethane dispersions SANCURE R 815 2720). The acrylic polymer can be, for example, a heat reactive acrylic copolymer latex, such as a carboxylated acrylic copolymer latex, heat reactive. Suitable acrylic latexes are marketed by BF Goodrich, Cleveland, Ohio (eg, HYCAR® latex 26138, HYCAR® latex 26091, and HYCAR® latex 26171). The vinyl polymer can be a polyvinylchloride polymer. The rubber polymer may be a styrene-butadiene, butyl or neoprene polymer.

As another alternative instead of using fusible link wires, or in addition to using fusible link wires, a polymer fabric or sheet is applied to the fabric after it leaves the loom and the fabric or polymer sheet is heated / textile material for melting the polymer fabric or sheet causing the polymer to flow around and encapsulate other components of the textile material. The polymer web or sheet is generally in the form of a nonwoven. The polymer sheet or web can be a polyester, polyolefin or polyurethane polyamide fabric or sheet. Suitable polymer sheets are marketed by Bemis Associates Inc., Shirley, Massachusetts, as heat seal adhesive films. Suitable polymer fabrics are marketed by Bostik Inc., Middleton, Massachusetts (eg, PE 65 Series fabric adhesive). The packaging process results in mechanical and / or chemical bonds along the fabric structure and in particular in the joints. Bulk or effect yarns are used as warp and / or weft yarns and / or wood yarns. Bulk or effect yarns increase friction with adjacent yarns to provide better stability (fiber cohesion with fiber). Two or more bundle or effect strands crisscrossed together provide the highest stability and the highest bond strength. The package or effect yarns also provide the desired package in the textile and a profile of a certain thickness of the finished product. Bulk yarns are generally made with low cost or similar polypropylene, polyethylene or polyester yarns. The particular components of the packaged thread will generally have a diner of between about 150 and 300, preferably about 300 to about 1000. The packaged yarns may be textured or frictionally spun yarns. Textured yarns are produced from conventional yarns from a known air texturing process. The air texturing process uses compressed air to change the texture of a yarn by disarranging and binding the filaments or fibers that make up the yarn bundle. The texturing process merely rearranges the structure of the yarn bundle with small changes in the basic properties of individual fibers or filaments. However, the higher the bulk, the greater the loss in strength and elongation. The friction spun yarns are produced by the DREF2 process of Fehere AG, in Linz, Austria. In addition to using individual load bearing yarns, the present invention also contemplates the formation of composite yarns prior to the formation of the textile material in which the load bearing yarn is combined with a fusible link yarn or a package yarn. The composite can be manufactured using air jet texturing in which the load bearing yarn comprises the core and the fusible link yarn or package yarn is textured. The core is fed with minimal overfeeding and with an excess quantity of bulk or fuse wire with a considerably higher boost. The compressed air rearranges and bonds the filaments or fibers of the fusible yarn or package yarn to increase the bulk of the composite yarn. The composite yarns incorporating the load bearing yarn can also be made with known techniques such as twisting or cabling. The fusible yarn, especially the monofilament type, may also be combined with the package yarn prior to the formation of the textile material such as parallel end fabric or by twisting, wiring or coating (double or single spiral coating). Referring again to Figures 1 to 5, the fusible link yarn or package yarn would generally be used as warp yarns 20a and 20h or warp yarn pairs 20a-b and 20g-h, in Figures 1-2. In Fig. 3, the warp yarns 120a and 120h, or the warp yarn pairs 120a-b and 120g-h, would generally be fusible yarns or package yarns. In Figures 4 and 5, the fusible yarn or package yarn could be a wood yarn 236 and wood yarns 336 and 338, respectively. However, the fusible yarn or package yarn could be incorporated into the woven textile materials illustrated in Figures 1-5 in many other ways. A preferred construction of the present invention is illustrated in Fig. 3 (B) in which the warp yarns 120c-f are low elongation, high modulus and high tenacity (eg polyvinylalcohol), warp yarns 120a and 120b and 120g and 120h are fusible link yarns (eg, a two-component yarn having a low melting point polyisophthalic acid coating and a high melting point polyester core) or bulk yarns (eg. eg textured air-jet polyester) and weft threads 1 16a-f are composite yarns having a core of load-bearing yarn and package yarn (e.g., a texturized yarn with air jet having a core of polyvinyl alcohol and a polyester bundle). The textile material preferably comprises an impregnation of a polymer formed by immersing the textile material in a polymer bath (eg urethane or acrylic). The textile material of the present invention may also include electrically conductive components such as warp and / or weft yarns. The electrically conductive components can be metal strands or threads (eg copper), polymer strands, either monofilament or multifilament, transformed into electricity conductors by the addition of fillers (eg carbon black, copper, aluminum) polymer during extrusion, an electrically conductive filament of a multifilament yarn or a polymeric yarn having an electrically conductive coating. The electrically conductive components allow the detection of breaks in the woven fabric in a conventional manner. The electrically conductive components also allow faults to be detected in other components of a composite civil engineering structure. The electrically conductive components also allow the woven textile material to be used in electrokinetic and other related applications. The woven textile material of the present invention can be terminated by the application of thermal energy (eg, calendering, radiofrequency energy, microwave energy, infrared energy and crimping) to the material to soften the fusible wire (e.g., the outside of a two component yarn), drying and / or curing the polymer that impregnates the fabric, or melting the polymer fabric or sheet to lock the yarns and textile material into place. The results of the finishing or heating process are: (a) the wire bundles are protected against impact and abrasion; (b) the textile material is protected against impact and abrasion; (c) the bundles of yarns are hardened with a better resistance to elongation and with a lower final elongation; (d) the textile material is hardened with a better resistance to elongation and with a lower final elongation; (e) the bundles of threads are frozen in a fixed package to obtain a better interaction of the textile with the ground (f) the textile material is frozen in a fixed package to obtain a better interaction of textile material with the ground; and (g) the joints are protected, strengthened and hardened. Figure 6 illustrates a retaining wall 400 formed using the bound composite open mesh textile material 402 (e.g., the fabric material 12 of Figures 1 and 2, the fabric material of Figure 3, the fabric material 212 of the Figure 4 or the textile material 312 of Figure 5) of the present invention. The foundations or the base material 404 are leveled at a desired height and slope. The retaining wall 406 is formed by a number of elements of the retaining wall 406a. An amount of textile materials of open mesh structure 402 are fixed to retaining wall 406 at 408. Textile materials of open mesh structure 402 are separated by a number of filler layers 410. Using this construction is retained and maintained in place the random fill 412. The retaining wall 406 is illustrated in a generic manner as if it comprised a number of 406a modular wall element courses such as conventional cement modular wall blocks. It should be understood, however, that similar wall structures can be formed using modular wall blocks formed with other materials, including plastic. Similarly, the retaining walls incorporating the open-mesh structure textile materials of this invention can be constructed with molded wall panels or other conventional coating materials.

Although a detail of the connection of textile materials of open mesh structure to the retaining wall elements is not shown, various conventional techniques are used, including connections with punch, hooks, clamps, forks or the like, the whole of which they can be easily adapted by those of ordinary skill in the art for use with the open mesh structure textile materials of the present invention. When embankments are built on weak foundation soils, the pressure created by the embankment can cause the soft ground to recede and move laterally. This movement and the loss of support will cause the filling material of the embankment to give way, which will result in a failure in the embankment. This type of failure can be prevented by including the open-mesh structure textile materials 420 (for example, the textile material 12 of Figures 1 and 2, the textile material 1 12 of Figure 3, the textile material 212 of Figure 4 or textile material 312 of Figure 5) of the present invention in the lower portions of the embankment 422, as illustrated in Figure 7. Textiles of open-mesh structure 420 provide a tensile strength that prevents the embankment from failing . Reinforced terrestrial structures can be constructed for angles of steep slope that are greater than the natural angle of repose of the filler material incorporating open mesh materials. Abrupt steep slopes can be used in many applications to decrease the amount of fill required for a given terrestrial structure, to increase the amount of usable space in the upper part of the slope, to decrease the entrance of the slope base of the slope in the earth swampy, etc. In Figure 8, an aggregate of an abrupt slope dam is illustrated. Using abrupt slopes 430, the amount of fill required to increase the elevation of the dam is reduced and the load that is placed on both the existing containment dam 432 and the soft mud 434 is also reduced. An important increase is achieved in the containment capacity by using abrupt slopes 430 reinforced with open mesh structural textile materials 436 (for example, the textile 12 of Figures 1 and 2, the textile 112 of Figure 3, the textile material 212 of the Figure 4 or the textile material 312 of Figure 5) of the present invention. When the open mesh structural textile materials of the present invention are introduced into a particulate material such as the soil or the like, the aggregate particles come into contact with the upper and lower surfaces of the textile material and "strike through" the openings thus forming a reinforcing and stabilizing function. In addition to their land reinforcement applications, the open mesh structural textiles of this invention are especially useful in industrial waste containment and sanitary landfill construction. Regulations require that the base and side slopes of sanitary landfills be covered with an impermeable layer to prevent leaching from leaking into natural groundwater below landfills. When sanitary landfills are located on land that is compressible or collapsible, as is the case with Karst terrain, the synthetic coating will fall into the depression. This deflection results in induced additional stresses to the coating that can cause coating failure and leakage of leaching into the underlying groundwater, thus causing contamination. By using high tensile strength of the textile 440 (for example the textile 12 of Figures 1 and 2, the textile 112 of Figure 3, the textile 212 of Figure 4 or the textile material 312 of Figure 5) of the present invention as illustrated in Figure 9, coating support 442 can be provided by locating the material 440 textile immediately below the liner 442. If any depression 444 were to occur, the high tensile capacity of the textile 440 provides a "bridging" effect to extend over the depression and to minimize the induced stress to the lining 442 thereby helping the Landfill system does not fail. The construction of sanitary landfills requires that the geomembrane linings be located along the bottom of the sanitary landfill and as well on the side slopes of the landfill. In order to protect this coating, it is usually placed on the top of the coating, a layer of protective earth, known as a coating ("veneer") that has a double purpose of protecting the lining against the perforations of the placement of the waste material and to collect the leaching if the protective earth has a defined permeability. Since the surface of the coating is soft, the protective earth can fail simply by sliding down the slope since the friction between the earth and the coating is too small to support the weight of the earth layer. This type of failure can be avoided by placing a 450 textile material (e.g., the fabric 12 of Figures 1 and 2, the fabric 1 12 of Figure 3, the fabric 212 of Figure 4 or the material textile 312 of Figure 5) of the present invention, as illustrated in Figure 10 fixed at the top and extending downward to the slope base of the slope 452. The openings (for example 30 in Figures 1). and 2, 130 in Figure 3, 230 in Figure 4 and 330 in Figure 5) of the textile material 450 allow the protective soil 454 to mix and lock with the textile 450 and the textile material 450 in turn provides the tractive force required to maintain this block of soil in place, thus eliminating slipping on liner 456. The bonded composite open mesh structural fabric of the present invention can also be used for other building applications with tie to reinforce terrestrial structures such as pavement and foundation improvement system and erosion protection systems. In addition, these textiles can be used in the construction of geocells or retention walls for marine use to control land erosion adjacent to waterways such as rivers, streams, lakes and oceans. As indicated, while the textile materials of this invention have utility in particular in earthworks construction applications, they are also adapted for any application where the grid or products have been used up to now. For example, the novel textile materials described herein have excellent strength and related characteristics for use in the gabion formulation, as well as in fencing applications or security barriers. In addition, they can be easily adapted to be used in seat cushions, as mattress insulators and in various wrapping applications, including pallet covers and the like and in various original equipment manufacturing applications. Having described the invention, many modifications thereof will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which it pertains, without departing from the spirit of the invention as defined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

CLAIMS 1 . A bonded composite open mesh structural fabric comprising: a number of bundles separated from each other by weft yarns; a number of beams separated from one another by warp yarns, the bundles of warp yarn being interspersed with the wefts of weft yarn in a number of joints to define openings between adjacent warp and weft yarn bundles, the yarns being weft and the warp yarns woven into the seams, the seams comprising at least four interwoven weft yarns with at least four warp yarns, each weft yarn being woven with the warp yarns independently of the adjacent weft yarns, each warp yarn interwoven with the weft yarns independently of the adjacent warp yarns; a part of the weft and warp yarns comprising load bearing yarns, the load bearing yarns being high tenacity yarns, high modulus, low elongation; and the open mesh structural material materials comprising at least one polymer component that encapsulates and binds the threads in the juts to reinforce the threads.
2. The bonded composite open mesh structural fabric of claim 1, wherein the textile material further comprises at least one yarn of wood.
3. The bonded composite open mesh structural fabric of claim 2, wherein the woolen yarn forms a woven woven ligament fully crisscrossed or crisscrossed between bundles of adjacent weft yarn.
4. The bonded composite open mesh structural fabric of claim 2, wherein the woolen yarn forms a woven middle woven fabric weave between the adjacent weft yarns in the seams.
5. The bonded composite open mesh structural fabric of claim 2, wherein the yarn is interwoven with each of the weft yarns in the joints. The bonded composite open mesh structural fabric of claim 2, wherein the yarn is the fusible link yarn or a bundle yarn. The bonded composite open mesh structural fabric of claim 1, wherein the polymer component is formed of a fusible polymer component of a fusible link yarn that melts upon being heated and flows around the adjacent wires in the together The bonded composite open mesh structural fabric of claim 7, wherein the fusible link yarn is a two component yarn having a low melting fusible component and a high melting component. The bonded composite open mesh structural fabric of claim 8, wherein the two component yarn is composed of 30 to 70% by weight of a low melt coating and from 70 to 30% of its weight of a high-function core. The bonded composite open mesh structural fabric of claim 7, wherein the fusible link yarn comprises warp sided yarns or warp yarn side pairs of the warp yarn bundles. The bonded composite open mesh structural fabric of claim 1, wherein the polymer component is formed of a polymer that impregnates the yarns that dry and / or cure upon being heated or by a polymer fabric or sheet that It melts when heated. The bonded composite open mesh structural fabric of claim 12, wherein the polymer impregnates the yarns is a urethane, acrylic, vinyl or rubber and the polymer sheet or fabric is a polyurethane, polyolefin, polyamide or polyurethane fabric or sheet. polyester. The bonded composite open mesh structural fabric of claim 1, wherein the weft yarns are interwoven with the warp yarns in the seams in a weave design of diagonal lines or taffetas. 14. The bonded composite open mesh structural fabric of claim 1, in which a part of the weft and warp yarns comprises bundle yarns to provide a relative thickness profile for the textile material. 15. The bonded composite open mesh structural fabric of claim 14, wherein the package yarns are obtained from partially oriented polypropylene, polyethylene or polyester yarns. The bonded composite open mesh structural fabric of claim 1, wherein the load bearing yarns are composite yarns in which the load bearing yarn is combined with a fusible link yarn or a bulk yarn . 17. The bonded composite open mesh structural fabric of claim 16, wherein the composite yarns are formed by air jet texturing. 18. The bonded composite open mesh structural fabric of claim 16, wherein the composite yarns are formed by twisting, cabling or coating. 19. The bonded composite open mesh structural fabric of claim 1, wherein the load bearing yarns have a strength of at least about 5 grams per diner, a modulus of at least 100 grams per diner, an elongation of less than around 18% and a diner of around 1,000 to 8,000. 20. The bonded composite open mesh structural fabric of claim 1, wherein the load bearing yarns are formed of polyester, polyvinylalcohol, nylon, aramid, glass fiber or polyethylene naphthalate. 21. A composite civil engineering structure comprising a mass of particulate material and at least one reinforcement element embedded therein, wherein said reinforcement element is a composite open-mesh structural textile material bonded in accordance with claim 1, parts of said mass of particulate material being below said reinforcement fabric, part of said mass of particulate material being on said reinforcing fabric and portions of said mass of reinforcing material being within said openings defined between the bundles of adjacent warp and weft threads. 22. The composite civil engineering structure of claim 21, further comprising a retaining wall, parts of said reinforcing fabric being secured to said retaining wall, said joint of said particulate material together defining said reinforcing fabric and said retaining wall a reinforced retaining wall. 23. The composite civil engineering structure of claim 22, comprising a quantity of said reinforcing fabric materials spaced vertically. 24. The composite civil engineering structure of claim 21, wherein said mass of particulate material and reinforcing textile together define a stabilized embankment. 25. The composite civil engineering structure of claim 24, comprising a quantity of said reinforcing textile materials separated vertically. 26. The composite civil engineering structure of claim 21, wherein said mass of particulate material and reinforcing textile together define an abrupt slope. 27. The composite civil engineering structure of claim 26, comprising a quantity of said reinforcing textile materials separated vertically. 28. The composite civil engineering structure of claim 26, wherein said abrupt slope is an aggregate of a dike to increase the elevation of a dam dike. 29. The composite civil engineering structure of claim 21, wherein said mass of particulate material and reinforcing fabric together with a coating define a sanitary landfill. 30. The composite civil engineering structure of claim 29, wherein said landfill is for land that is compressible or collapsible and said reinforcement fabric is located immediately below said land. 31 The composite civil engineering structure of claim 29, wherein said sanitary landfill includes a side slope and said reinforced textile material is fixed to the top of said slope and extends downwardly to the slope base of said slope, said reinforcing fabric being located on said lining. 32. A method for constructing a composite civil engineering structure comprising: providing a mass of particulate material; providing at least one structural fabric of open mesh reinforced composite material according to claim 1, and encasing said reinforcing fabric material in said mass of particulate material, parts of said mass of particulate material being below said material of reinforcement, parts of said mass of particulate material being on said reinforcing fabric and portions of said mass of particulate material being within said openings defined between the adjacent warp and weft yarn bundles. 33. The method for constructing a composite civil engineering structure of claim 32, further comprising providing a retaining wall, securing portions of said reinforcing fabric to said retaining wall, defining said mass of particulate material, said material reinforcing textile and said retaining wall together a reinforced retaining wall. The method for constructing a composite civil engineering structure of claim 33, comprising encasing a quantity of said reinforcing textile materials in said mass of vertically spaced particle material. 35. The method for constructing a composite civil engineering structure of claim 32, wherein said mass of particulate material and reinforcement fabric together define a stabilized embankment. 36. The method for constructing a composite civil engineering structure of claim 35, comprising encasing a quantity of said reinforcing textile materials in said mass of vertically spaced particulate material. 37. The method for constructing a composite civil engineering structure of claim 32, wherein said mass of particulate material and reinforcing fabric together define an abrupt slope. 38. The method for constructing a composite civil engineering structure of claim 37, comprising encasing a quantity of said reinforcing textile materials in said mass of material of vertically spaced particles. 39. The method for constructing a composite civil engineering structure of claim 37, wherein said abrupt slope is an aggregate of a dike to increase the elevation of a dike of a containment dike. 40. The method for constructing a civil engineering structure composed of claim 32, wherein said mass of particulate material and reinforcing fabric together with a coating define a sanitary landfill. 41. The method for constructing a composite civil engineering structure of claim 40, wherein said sanitary landfill is located on a land that is compressible or collapsible and said reinforcing fabric is embedded in said mass of particulate material immediately below. of said coating. 42. The method for constructing a composite civil engineering structure of claim 40, wherein said sanitary landfill comprises a side slope and said reinforcing fabric is fixed to the top of said slope and extends downwardly to the base of slope of said slope, said reinforcing textile material being embedded in said mass of particulate material on said coating. 43. In a bonded composite open-mesh structural textile having a number of joints defining openings, the improvement comprises: load bearing yarns that define at least a portion of the joints, the high load bearing wires being tenacity, high modulus and low elongation; and the gaskets of the open mesh fabric comprising at least one fusible link yarn having a meltable polymer component which melts on being heated to flow, is encapsulated and an adjacent yarns for reinforcing the gaskets. 44. The bonded composite open mesh structural fabric of claim 43, wherein the textile material further comprises at least one woolen yarn. 45. The bonded composite open mesh structural fabric of claim 43, wherein the yarn is the fusible link yarn or a bundle yarn. 46. The bonded composite open mesh structural fabric of claim 43, wherein the fusible link yarn is a two component yarn having a low melting fusible component and a high melting component. 47. The bonded composite open mesh structural fabric of claim 43, wherein the load bearing yarns have a strength of at least about 5 grams per diner, a modulus of at least about 100 grams per diner and an elongation of less than about 18%. 48. The bonded composite open mesh structural fabric of claim 43, wherein the load bearing yarns have a strength of at least about 9 to 10 grams per diner, a modulus of at least about 100 grams per diner and an elongation of less than around 18%. 49. The bonded composite open mesh structural fabric of claim 43, wherein the load bearing yarns have a diner of about 1,000 to 8,000. 50. The bonded composite open mesh structural fabric of claim 43, wherein the load bearing yarns are formed of polyester, polyvinyl alcohol, nylon, aramid, glass fiber or polyethylene naphthalate. 51. A bonded composite open mesh structural fabric comprising: a number of spaced weft yarn bundles, a number of warp yarn bundles spaced apart, the warp yarn bundles interleaving with the bundles of yarns weft in a number of joints to define openings between adjacent warp and weft yarn bundles, the weft yarns and warp yarns interwoven in the joints, the joints comprising at least four interwoven weft yarns with at least one weft yarn. four warp yarns, each weft yarn being interwoven with the warp yarns independently of the adjacent weft yarns, each warp yarn being interwoven with the weft yarns independently of the adjacent warp yarns; a part of the weft and warp yarns comprising load bearing yarns, the load bearing yarns being high tenacity, high modulus and low elongation; the seals of the open mesh textile comprising at least one wood thread; and the seals of the open mesh textile material comprising at least one polymer component which encapsulates and joins threads in the joints to reinforce the seals. 52. The bonded composite open-mesh structural textile material of claim 51, wherein the woolen yarn forms a woven woven ligament fully crisscrossed or crisscrossed between the adjacent weft yarn bundles. 53. The bonded composite open mesh structural fabric of claim 51, in which the yarn wood forms a half woven wood fabric crossed between the adjacent weft yarns. 54. The bonded composite open mesh structural fabric of claim 51, wherein the wood yarn is interwoven with each of the weft yarns in the joints. 55. The bonded composite open mesh structural fabric of claim 51, wherein the yarn is a fusible link yarn or a bundle yarn. 56. The bonded composite open mesh structural fabric of claim 51, wherein the polymer component is formed of a fusible polymer component of a fusible link yarn, a polymer that impregnates the yarns or a polymer fabric or sheet. .