LU82923A1 - PREFABRICATED ELEMENT FOR BUILDING A HOUSING WALL AND WALLS OBTAINED - Google Patents

Description

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The present invention relates to the means used to ensure the constitution of box walls from prefabricated elements mounted dry superimposed.

. The field of application of the object of the invention relates to box walls, stable by themselves, which can be used to constitute support constructions and / or form; massive constructions intended to represent, for example, noise barriers along traffic lanes.

To make walls of the above type, it is known to use prefabricated elements having a structure which can be defined as involving a facade plate or panel whose rear face is extended, from two gussets. reinforcement, by two parallel walls which are also provided with reinforcement gussets at the rear edges. In general, the rear edges of the parallel walls of the above elements are straight or at least locally inclined to represent bearing faces of the external embankments, in particular in the case of application to a retaining wall.

The above constructions are provided so that the parallel pa-20 kings are set back, relative to the vertical edges of the facade plate, of a measure substantially equal to 'quarter of the length of the latter, so that the prefabricated elements can be arranged in successive overlays by being staggered from one row to another. This makes it possible to improve the strength and the stability of the wall which is definitively constituted by the supply of embankments in the various cells or vertical boxes which are delimited by the superposition of the side walls.

Prefabricated elements of the above type can be considered satisfactory with regard to ease; prefabrication in the factory or possibly on site as well as • 2! the speed of dry mounting for the constitution of a wall.

However, it has been found that such elements were not entirely satisfactory from the point of view of the general structure which they constitute, in particular as regards the resistance specific to the thrust of the fill materials under the effect of their own mass or due to sliding due to seepage water. The stability of such constructions is therefore not what was expected.

The object of the invention is to remedy the above drawback by making improvements to the prefabricated element 10 of known structure, so that it makes it possible to produce, by association with similar elements, walls -caissons having, a remarkable own stability opposing by itself the risks. tilting and overturning by pressing on the base front edge.

! Another object of the invention is to ensure that the walls constructed have a remarkable inherent stability whatever the height which is given to them and oppose resistance to the external embankments, that is to say those acting on the structural building elements of the wall arranged opposite the facade 20 or the defined facing.

Another object of the invention is to ensure that a box wall, made from prefabricated elements in accordance with the invention, has a great ability to eliminate runoff and infiltration.

A further object of the invention is to provide a drainage of the mass of the exterior fill materials, as well as that of the interior fill materials, if necessary, so that no effect of sliding or displacement of the structure can intervene by infiltration at the foundations or the support base.

According to the invention, the prefabricated element for the erection of a box wall, of the type comprising a front plate or panel whose rear face is extended, from two reinforcement gussets, by two parallel walls provided gussets 35 of extreme reinforcement and arranged in withdrawal each of the corresponding vertical edge of the plate by a measure equal to one quarter of the length of said plate, is characterized in that:. - 3 - the parallel walls have rear edges inclined from the base in the direction of the front plate, - the parallel walls are associated by their rear edges 5 with a laid support slab.

Various other characteristics will emerge from the description below made with reference to the appended drawings which show, by way of nonlimiting examples, embodiments of the subject of the invention.

Fig. 1 is a plan view of a prefabricated element according to the invention.

Figs. 2 and 3 are sections taken along the lines, II-II and III-III of FIG. J.

Fig. 4 is an elevation of another constituent element 15 of the object of the invention. -

Fig. 5 is a perspective showing the implementation of the element according to the invention.

Fig. 6 is an elevation illustrating an alternative implementation.

Fig. 20 7 is a cross section showing the construction of a wall from sets of elements according to the invention.

Fig. 8 is a plan view of a variant of the prefabricated element for the erection of a box wall.

Fig. 9 is a sectional elevation taken along line 25 IX-IX of FIG. 8.

Fig. 10 is a sectional elevation illustrating, on a larger scale, a preferred embodiment of one of the elements constituting the prefabricated element.

Fig. 11 is a cross section showing the construction of a box wall from sets of elements according to FIG. 8.

Fig. 12 is a plan view illustrating an alternative embodiment of the element.

According to fig. 1 and 2, the prefabricated element for the erection of a box wall comprises a plate 1, called a facade, from the rear face 1 a_ from which extend two walls 2 and 3 paral- / lines between them and perpendicular to the plate 1. The walls 2 and 4. 3 and the front plate 1 are preferably made in a single piece · for example of concrete, reinforced or not, and in such a case, it is advantageous to provide, in the connection zone between each of the walls 2 or 3 and the front plate 1, prismatic reinforcements 5 4 generally called in the gusset technique.

It is obvious that other production solutions can be adopted and that, in particular, the walls 2 and 3 and the plate 1 can also be made of metal, either integrally, or by assembling separate constituent elements.

| 10 The parallel walls 2 and 3 may have lengths | varies depending on the applications envisaged and in particular the characteristics of the walls which are to be erected, but in any case, it is preferable to provide, at the rear edges 2a and 3ji of the parallel walls 2 and 3, prismatic conformations 5 mas 15 sives or not.

The walls 2 and 3 extend at a constant height from the front plate 1, so that their lower and upper edges are arranged level with respect to the corresponding edges of the plate 1. The parallel walls 2 and 3 s '' each extend 20 set back from the extreme vertical edges of the plate 1 by a measure equal to a quarter of the length of the latter and thus delimit between them a cell 6 equal to twice the measure of shrinkage of the walls 2 and 3 .

According to the invention each parallel wall 2 and 3 is con-25 formed to present at its base a prismatic conformation 7 similar to the gussets 4 and 5 · which it joins. The conformation 7 also projects from either side of the plane of the corresponding wall and assumes a reinforcement or stiffening function of said wall. In addition to this function, the conformation 7 is provided to delimit a volume sufficient to allow the delimitation of a drainage conduit 8 extending over the entire length of the corresponding wall and opening at the outer face Ib ^ of the plate 1 and the corresponding rear edge 2a or 3a. Preferably, in the case of concrete construction, the drainage conduit 8 is constituted by a nozzle 9 which is included in the configuration 7. Although this is not shown, it may be advantageous to give the conduit 8 a slope towards the front plate and the lower edge of the corresponding wall. The orifice of the conduit 8 corresponding to the edge 2a or 3a is provided with a strainer 10.

According to another constructive arrangement of the invention, the rear edges 2a and 3a are inclined in the direction of the plate 1 5 from the lower edge of the corresponding wall, so that the support of exterior fill material admits a component vertical which is at least equal to or preferably greater than its horizontal component. Preferably, the inclination of each edge 2a-3a is at least equal to 22e with respect to the vertical.

The element described above is. completed by a support plate 11 which has a height equal to that of the rear edges 2a-3ja and a proper length which is equal to that of the plate 1.

The rear support plate has, in its thickness, two holes 12 i. ,, which are intended to be placed in coincidence with the orifices of the conduits 8 at the terminals 2a and 3ai when the plate 11 is applied in abutment on said edges as shown in FIG. 2.

The constitution of a box wall from prefabricated elements, such as above, consists in placing a row of identical elements lj, side by side, as shown in FIG. 5, 20 to occupy the base of the construction to be erected. To facilitate the horizontal installation of a retaining wall, the vertical edges i of the plate 1 are not perpendicular to the plane of the plate but are, on the contrary, each constituted by two inclined faces l ^ c and Id,

When a first row R ^ of prefabricated elements has been placed as said above, it is conceivable that the successive parallel walls 2 and 3 delimit cells 6 of the same volume open at the rear. These cells are then closed at the rear by plates 11j placed in place as shown in FIG. 5, that is to say resting on the edges 2a_ and 3a. of each prefabricated element 1 ^ so as to establish the coincidence between the holes 12 and the drainage conduits 8. The cells 6 are then filled with suitable backfill materials.

A second row R ^ is then placed and mounted on the first row, preferably providing for alternating the prefabricated elements of this second row with respect to those lj of the first, in order to produce a staggered apparatus improving the relative holding of the superimposed elements, since each of them rests on I * 6 two contiguous elements of the lower row. This arrangement also makes it possible to improve the aesthetic appearance of the face of the construction in progress by arranging the vertical joints alternately. As before, plates are then placed in staggered rows relative to the plates 11j of the row Rj. The plates 11 ^ thus close the cells 6 which form, by their vertical succession, contiguous vertical boxes which are filled with backfill material. It should be noted that the cells 6 are delimited either by the two walls of the same element, 10 or by the walls facing two elements side by side.

To achieve a coherent construction, according to the invention, the prefabricated elements of row R2 are chosen so that the parallel walls 2 and 3 have a length, taken at their lower edge, equal to the length, taken at level 15 of the upper edge, of the parallel walls 2 and 3 of the elements of the lower row Rj. Thus, the inclined edges 2a. and 3ai of the two superimposed rows are aligned, so that the support plates 11 of the two rows constitute, by their superposition, a rear slab D extending in the same plane and representing a surface for applying the thrust of exterior fill materials. As specified above, the inclination of the rear edges t 2a and 3ji is chosen so that the thrust exerted on the rear support slab D admits a vertical component at least equal, and preferably greater than the horizontal component, in such a way that the thrust of these materials contributes to confer self-stability on the superimposed elements and to oppose the risk of pivoting on the lower axis constituted by the edge of the aligned front plates 1. As a result, it becomes possible to produce a box wall having its own stability and which remains insensitive to the risks of local compaction, in particular, by the effect of seepage water, runoff, etc. given that the wall by itself admits the flow of this water for infiltration of the masses of exterior fill, via the conduits 8. Since the plates 11 constituting the rear slab are contiguous, a slight infiltration .35 d the water reaches the masses of backfill material internal to the structure of the wall produced. To admit, however, a certain elimination of these seepage waters, it is advantageously planned to

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7 dëlÎMiter at the base of the plate 1 of each prefabricated element an opening 13 constituting a flow barbican.

It should be noted that the reinforcements 4 and 5 have a purely mechanical role in reducing the bending moments of the front plate 5 and the support slab.

Fig. 6 shows an alternative embodiment of a wall consisting of providing plates 11 overlapping the edges 2a. and 3jï elements of two successive rows, so that the rear support slab B, thus constituted, does not have, by the junction of the ran-10 layers of plates 11 superimposed, horizontal joints aligned with the support planes or interfaces of Buperposed elements. In this way, no risk of relative sliding of a row R with respect to another can intervene even in the case where the masses or external embankments exert a high thrust. In such a form of construction, it is then advantageous to provide rear plates 11 having holes 12a situated as shown in phantom in FIG. 4.

Fig. 7 shows that the prefabricated element can be made so that the plate 1 also has a certain inclination 20 relative to the vertical, so as to give the front facing of a wall-box wall a kind of fruit, the value of which is however less than that of the inclination of the rear support slab D.

It should be noted that the conformations 7 also represent bearing surfaces on which the thrust of the internal backfill materials is exerted and which improve the stabilizing action of the backfill materials by replacing the coefficient of earth / concrete friction. , the coefficient of friction earth / earth which is more important. It is also possible, if necessary, to constitute a self-stable box wall which can be used outside of an application to support earth and, for example, as a construction bordering a traffic lane to delimit the safety path. or possibly contribute to the absorption of the noises which result from its use.

Figs. 8 and 9 show a variant "embodiment according to which the support slab 11 has longitudinal edges 14 and 15 perpendicular to the plane of the slab which delimits, internally, drainage conduits 16 opening at the two edges 14 and 15.

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The drainage pipes 16 are "in all cases" produced so that their draining surface is flush with the rear face 17 of the. slab 11 ", that is to say the one normally opposite the front plate 1 after assembly.

The drainage conduits 16 may consist of perforated tubular elements immobilized on a resistant plate constituting the slab. These elements can be kept in the wall by fixing means or even be coated in a layer of porous concrete. The tubular elements can be constituted by segments of sheaths, in any suitable material, or also by half-nozzles in cement, or even in terracotta.

Fig. 3 shows a preferred embodiment according to which the support slab 11 is produced in the form of a resistant plate 18 comprising transverse ribs 19 parallel. Preferably, the ribs correspond to a modular measurement of the spacing of the; parallel walls 2 and 3, so that two of them, for example those designated by the references 19ji and 19 ^ b, represent stiffening and support transfer edges on the parallel walls 2 and 3 of the normal backfill of backfill material | 20 lies on the rear face 17. The ribs 19 also assume a support and support function for the shoulders 20 of the body. hollow 21, formed in the form of prefabricated blocks of porous material i delimiting conduits 22 from molding. The hollow bodies 21 can be made in the form of concrete blocks or slabs. The hollow bodies 21 can be associated with the plate 18 at the time of the erection of the wall and, in such a case, the ribs 19 then delimit between them support cradles making it possible to facilitate the implanta -! ‘Tion of the hollow bodies 21 which can be immobilized by a ^ cement grout.

30 Provision may also be made for initial integration between the plate 18 and the hollow bodies 21 by making provision to hold them together by means of the ribs 19,

The constitution of a box wall from prefabricated elements, such as above, consists in having a first row-35 gated Rj of elements lj all identical as regards the lengths of the parallel walls 2 and 3. The elements lj are arranged, side by side being joined by the vertical edges of the plates of ¥ 9 facade 1 to occupy the entire length and width of the base of the wall. support to achieve.

i, Preferably, the implantation of the first row Rj of prefabricated elements lj is carried out (fig. II) on a concrete base 5 which is executed on the ground at the base of the construction to be raised. The sole 24 has on the horizontal, an angle o4 approximately equal to 6 ° while rising from the rear towards the front.

, The first row Rj of elements 1 j is. Disposed on the sole 24.

At the rear of this first row, comes to bear a lon-10 grine 25 resting on the sole 24 and made entirely masonry or by juxtaposition of prefabricated elements to represent a support stop for the rear slabs 11. The sill 25 is made so as to have an upper edge 26 normal to the plane of the rear edges 2a. and 3a of the elements of the first row Rj. Similarly, the sill 25 is made to delimit, over its entire length, a channel 27 whose function appears in the following and which opens at the upper edge 26.

When a first row Rj of prefabricated elements has been placed as said above, the cells 6, delimited both by each of the elements and by two of them successive, are closed at the rear by the setting in place of the slabs 11 which are placed in abutment on the edge 26 and on the rear edges 2a and 3a. With regard to this first row or series of slabs 11j, use is made of a particular manufacture the height of which is less than that of the rear support edges 2j and 3j by a measure equal to the height of the sill 25.

In this position, the vertical drainage conduits - 16 communicate by their base with the channel 27.

A backfilling operation is then executed so as to fill the various cells 6.

A second row R £ of complementary prefabricated elements 1j is then placed over the first, then rear tiles 1 are placed in the exact extension of the tiles 11 j by having their own drainage conduits 16 in coincidence with those of the bottom tiles.

We proceed in this way, as said before, up to the level R ^ considered to be higher as a function of the height of the · ί 10 j I; ! s

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box wall to be raised.

As is apparent from FIG. 11, the succession in the same plane of the rear tiles 11 ^, 11 ^ * 1 ln "produces a facing having a drainage effect over its entire surface via 5 of the elementary rear faces 17. All the mass of material backfilled behind this facing is therefore drained at all levels, over its entire surface, so that all the possible layers are interested.

The succession and the coincidence of the various drainage conduits 16 result in the formation of substantially vertical columns or sheaths 28 which are established over the entire height of the construction carried out. The sheaths 28 assume a function of collecting the infiltration water drained by the various elementary surfaces 17. This results in a generally vertical flow, that is to say rapid, and without risk of clogging of the various conduits. 16. The collection and drainage function can thus be ensured and maintained over time without the risk of clogging.

Iouches or sediments likely to obstruct one of the drainage conduits and locally limit the drainage and col-20 reading function.

The general vertical flow inside the facing formed by the various elementary slabs 11 is, in general, maintained in the best conditions by the interposition between the elementary faces 17 and the backfill materials of a 25 filtration sheet 29, such as a felt or the like, based on synthetic non-woven fibers, permeable to water but retaining materials in suspension or in dilution.

The general vertical flow of drained water also has the advantage of giving these waters a height of 1 .... j · 30 fall opposing any sedimentation in the channel 27 which assumes a function of horizontal recovery manifold responsible for driving these drainage waters towards transfer wells in the direction of outlets.

f! ij. In this way, the construction base produced is not subject to the pemitous effects of infiltration water which would be | likely to undermine it and modify its characteristics of -sta- *; * 'clean bility and retaining the thrust of the earth mass filled I · · 11 5 · blayéè.

An advantage of this variant of the subject of the invention. resides in the fact that the drainage waters are no longer routed through the entire built mass, with a view to their flow, directly by the facade of the construction. 11 results in a significantly improved aesthetic appearance.

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Fig. I1 shows that, for safety reasons, provision may be made, for example, in the row Rj of the elements and in at least one of the walls 2 or 3, of at least one element 10, a drainage conduit 30 which communicates with at least one drainage conduit 16. In this way, in the event that, for any reason, insufficient or even zero flow occurs locally by the termite of the collector 27, the waters surplus collected are taken up by the drainage conduit 30 which routes them to the facade of the building to * ensure their evacuation. Depending on the length of the box wall, a number n of conduits 30 can be provided.

Another advantage of the postponement of the drainage and collection functions to the rear face resides in the elimination of the duct or ducts generally incorporated in the parallel walls 2 and 3 as well as in the front plate. It then becomes possible to produce the building element no longer in a single piece form, but, on the contrary, in an assembled modular form. Thus, it can be provided, as illustrated in FIG. 12, to make the plate 1, the gussets 4 and the primers of walls 2j and 3j on the one hand, and of the walls 2 and 3, on the other hand, as separate parts. The walls 2 and 3 are then associated with the sections 2 ^ and 3j, by means of formwork 13 making it possible to pour in place, at the time of erection, vertical beams 14 ensuring the connection by means of reinforcing bars provided on standby and restoring the integral integrity of the element. Such a solution makes it possible to facilitate the storage and the transport of the different parts which are executed separately.

Such a solution also has the advantage of allowing a single manufacturing type for the facade panels 1, whatever the lengths of the parallel walls 2 and 3.

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Claims (10)

1. Prefabricated element for the erection of a box wall of the type comprising a front plate or panel whose rear face is extended, from two reinforcing gussets, by two parallel walls provided with gussets of reinforcement and arranged set back each from the corresponding vertical edge of the plate by a measure equal to a quarter of the length of said plate, characterized in that: * · '- the parallel walls have straight edges'' 10 inclined rear from the base in the direction of the front plate, - the inclined rectilinear edges are associated by their rear edges with a laid support slab. 15 2 - Prefabricated element according to claim 1, character ized in that the parallel walls have rear edges having an inclination substantially equal to 22 ° relative to the vertical. 3. Prefabricated element according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the parallel walls has in its thickness a drainage conduit opening at the level of the external face of the facade plate and in that the slab rear has a hole placed in coincidence with the orifice of said rear edge. 4. Prefabricated element according to claim 1, characterized in that the rear support slab of the installed type also assumes a second rear drainage function and a third vertical collection function in the direction of a horizontal recovery manifold. 5. Prefabricated element according to claim 4, characterized in that the rear slab comprises a resistant plate and. I drainage conduits maintained on the face of said plate opposite the front panel. 6. Prefabricated element according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the rear panel comprises a resistant plate j delimiting parallel transverse edges assuming a function! for stiffening the plate and a support function for the shoulders 35 of prefabricated blocks, made of porous material, delimiting parallel conduits. 7. Prefabricated element according to one of claims • * 13 4 to 6, characterized in that the rear panel is associated "on its face intended to be opposite to the front panel" with a layer of - filter material. 8. Prefabricated element according to claim 4, carac-5 térisê in that it comprises two independent parallel walls and. an equally independent facade plate forming two reinforcement gussets and two sections of walls which are joined to said walls by two beams cast on site. 9. Set of prefabricated elements - according to one of 10 claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it consists of a plurality of stackable elements whose parallel walls of each have "for their lower edge, a length equal to that of the upper edge of the parallel walls of the next lower element. 15 10 - Wall-caisson'constitué it from sets according to claim 9, characterized in that î - .les rear tiles of the superimposed elements of each set are arranged so as to vertically coincide their drainage conduits 20 which form sheaths continuous verticals, the various drainage conduits of the lower elements communicate with a horizontal return manifold delimited by a sill assuming an additional function of support base for the superimposed slabs and a function of backstop for the elements lower.