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KR920703876A - Corrosion Inhibition Composition and Method of Ferrous Metals - Google Patents

Corrosion Inhibition Composition and Method of Ferrous Metals

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Publication number
KR920703876A
KR920703876A KR1019920701771A KR920701771A KR920703876A KR 920703876 A KR920703876 A KR 920703876A KR 1019920701771 A KR1019920701771 A KR 1019920701771A KR 920701771 A KR920701771 A KR 920701771A KR 920703876 A KR920703876 A KR 920703876A
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aqueous medium
composition
amino acid
conditions
alkali metal
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KR1019920701771A
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Korean (ko)
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KR950000908B1 (en
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제롬 칼로타 데니스
찰스 실버만 데이빗
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제임스 클리프튼 보올딩
몬산토 캄파니
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Priority claimed from US07/475,505 external-priority patent/US4971724A/en
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Publication of KR920703876A publication Critical patent/KR920703876A/en
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Publication of KR950000908B1 publication Critical patent/KR950000908B1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
    • C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
    • C23F11/10—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using organic inhibitors
    • C23F11/14—Nitrogen-containing compounds
    • C23F11/145—Amides; N-substituted amides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
    • C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
    • C23F11/10—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using organic inhibitors
    • C23F11/14—Nitrogen-containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
    • C23F11/06—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in markedly alkaline liquids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
    • C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
    • C23F11/10—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using organic inhibitors
    • C23F11/14—Nitrogen-containing compounds
    • C23F11/144—Aminocarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
    • C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
    • C23F11/10—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using organic inhibitors
    • C23F11/173—Macromolecular compounds

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Anti-Oxidant Or Stabilizer Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

내용 없음No content

Description

제1철 금속의 부식억제 조성물 및 방법Corrosion Inhibition Composition and Method of Ferrous Metals

[도면의 간단한 설명][Brief Description of Drawings]

제1도는 pH10의 아스파르트산 100ppm을 포함하고 있는 90℃의 수용액내에서 200rpm으로 회전하고 있는 연강 전극에 대한 실제의 임피던스 스펙트럼대 가상좌표의 플롯이다.1 is a plot of the actual impedance spectrum versus virtual coordinates for a mild steel electrode rotating at 200 rpm in an aqueous solution at 90 ° C. containing 100 ppm of aspartic acid at pH 10.

제2도는 아스파르트산 부재의 pH10의 90℃수용액안에서 200rpm으로 회전하고 있는 연강에 대한 실제 인피던스 스펙트럼 대 가상좌표의 플롯이다.FIG. 2 is a plot of actual inductance spectra versus virtual coordinates for mild steel rotating at 200 rpm in a 90 ° C. aqueous solution of pH 10 in the absence of aspartic acid.

제3도는 제1도와 제2도의 연강에 대한 임피던스 크기 대 진동수의 로그값의 플롯이다.FIG. 3 is a plot of the logarithm of impedance magnitude versus frequency for mild steel in FIGS.

제4도는 제1도와 제2도의 연강에 대한 위상 각(phase angle)대 진동수의 로그값의 플롯이다.4 is a plot of the logarithm of phase angle versus frequency for mild steel in FIGS.

본 내용은 요부공개 건이므로 전문내용을 수록하지 않았음Since this is an open matter, no full text was included.

Claims (30)

(a) 다음 구조식의 아미노산과(a) an amino acid of the formula 여기서, R1은 H,나 또는Where R 1 is H, Me or 이고; R2는 HO-,나 또는 HOOC-(-CH2-)y-NH-; R3는 H나 또는 -COOH; x와 y는 각각 1-3의 정수이고, n은 제1철 금속의 부식을 저해하기에 효과적인 양의 아미노아실 단위의 반복수를 나타내는 정수이며; (b)는 사용조건 하에서 완전히 이온화 된 형태로 아미노산을 제공하기에 충분한 양의 염기를 포함하는, 수성 매개체의 존재하에서 제1철 금속의 부식을 저해하는 조성물. ego; R 2 is HO-, Or or HOOC-(-CH 2- ) y-NH-; R 3 is H or -COOH; x and y are each an integer of 1-3 and n is an integer representing the number of repetitions of aminoacyl units in an amount effective to inhibit corrosion of the ferrous metal; (b) is a composition which inhibits the corrosion of ferrous metal in the presence of an aqueous medium, comprising a base in an amount sufficient to provide amino acids in a fully ionized form under the conditions of use. 제1항에 있어서, 아미노산은 글리신, 폴리글리신, 아스파르트산, 폴리아스파르트산, 글루탐산, 폴리글루탐산과 이의 염으로 구성된 군에서 선택됨을 특징으로 하는 조성물.The composition of claim 1, wherein the amino acid is selected from the group consisting of glycine, polyglycine, aspartic acid, polyaspartic acid, glutamic acid, polyglutamic acid and salts thereof. 제1항에 있어서, 아미노산은 아스파르트산과 이의 염임을 특징으로 하는 조성물.The composition of claim 1 wherein the amino acid is aspartic acid and salts thereof. 제1항에 있어서, 아미노산은 사용조건 하에서 수성매개체내에 약 100ppm에서 약 5.0중량%와 그 이상의 농도를 제공하기에 충분한 양으로 존재함을 특징으로 하는 조성물.The composition of claim 1, wherein the amino acid is present in the aqueous medium in an amount sufficient to provide a concentration of from about 100 ppm to about 5.0 wt% and above in the aqueous medium. 제4항에 있어서, 아미노산은 사용조건하에서 수성매개체내에 약 1000ppm에서 약 3.3중량%의 농도를 제공하기에 충분한 양으로 존재함을 특징으로 하는 조성물.The composition of claim 4, wherein the amino acid is present in the aqueous medium in an amount sufficient to provide a concentration of from about 1000 ppm to about 3.3% by weight under the conditions of use. 제1항에 있어서, 염기는 알카리금속 하이드록사이드, 알카리금속 카보네이츠, 알카리토금속 하이드록사이드, 암모늄하이드록사이드와 하이드로카빌아민으로 구성된 군에서 선택됨을 특징으로 하는 조성물.The composition of claim 1 wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, ammonium hydroxide and hydrocarbylamine. 제6항에 있어서, 염기는 알카리금속 하이드록사이드임을 특징으로 하는 조성물.7. The composition of claim 6, wherein the base is an alkali metal hydroxide. 제7항에 있어서, 알카리금속 하이드록사이드는 소듐 하이드록사이드와 포타슘 하이드록사이드로 구성된 군에서 선택됨을 특징으로 하는 조성물.8. The composition of claim 7, wherein the alkali metal hydroxide is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. 제1항에 있어서, 사용조건하에서 수성매개체의 pH는 적어도 8.9임을 특징으로 하는 조성물.The composition of claim 1 wherein the pH of the aqueous medium under use conditions is at least 8.9. 제9항에 있어서, 사용조건하에서 수성매개체의 pH는 약 8.9-약14임을 특징으로 하는 조성물.10. The composition of claim 9, wherein the pH of the aqueous medium under conditions of use is about 8.9- about 14. 제1항에 있어서, 수성매개체 내의 pH는 실온에서 측청했을 때, 약 9.9-약12임을 특징으로 하는 조성물.The composition of claim 1, wherein the pH in the aqueous medium is about 9.9-about 12 when measured at room temperature. 제l1항에 있어서, 수성매개체의 pH는, 실온에서 측정했을 때 약 10-약11임을 특징으로 하는 조성물.The composition of claim 11, wherein the pH of the aqueous medium is about 10 to about 11 when measured at room temperature. 수성매개체의 (a)와 (b)를 첨가함을 포함하는, 수성매개체의 존재하에서 제1철 금속의 부식을 저해하는 방법;A method of inhibiting corrosion of ferrous metal in the presence of an aqueous medium, comprising adding (a) and (b) of the aqueous medium; (a) 다음 구조식의 아미노산(a) amino acids of the formula 여기서, R1은 H,나 또는Where R 1 is H, Me or H2N-(-CH2-)y-이고; R2는 HO-,나 또는 HOOC-(-CH2-)y-NH-; R3는 H나 -COOH를 나타내고; x와 y 각각은 1-3의 정수; n은 제1철 금속의 부식을 저해하는데 효과적인 양의 아미노아실 단위의 반복수를 나타내는 정수이고; (b) 사용조건하에서 완전히 이온화 된 형태의 아미노산을 제공하기에 충분한 양의 염기.H 2 N-(-CH 2- ) y-; R 2 is HO-, Or or HOOC-(-CH 2- ) y-NH-; R 3 represents H or -COOH; each of x and y is an integer of 1-3; n is an integer representing the number of repetitions of the aminoacyl units in an amount effective to inhibit corrosion of the ferrous metal; (b) an amount of base sufficient to provide an amino acid in its fully ionized form under the conditions of use. 제13항에 있어서, 아미노산은 글리신, 폴리글리신, 아스파르트산, 폴리아스파르트산, 글루탐산, 폴리글루탐산과 이의 염으로 구성된 군에서 선택됨을 특징으로 하는 방법.The method of claim 13, wherein the amino acid is selected from the group consisting of glycine, polyglycine, aspartic acid, polyaspartic acid, glutamic acid, polyglutamic acid and salts thereof. 제13항에 있어서, 아미노산은 아스파르트산과 이의 염임을 특징으로 하는 방법.The method of claim 13, wherein the amino acid is aspartic acid and salts thereof. 제13항에 있어서, 아미노산은 사용조건하에서 수형매개체 내에 약 100ppm에서 약 5.0중량퍼센트와 그 이상의 농도를 제공하기에 충분한 양으로 존재함을 특징으로 하는 방법.The method of claim 13, wherein the amino acid is present in the aqueous medium in an amount sufficient to provide a concentration from about 100 ppm to about 5.0 weight percent and higher under conditions of use. 제16항에 있어서, 아미노산은 사용조건하에서 수성매개체 내에 약 100ppm에서 약 3.3중량퍼센트와 그 이상의 농도를 제공하기에 충분한 양으로 첨가됨을 특징으로 하는 방법.The method of claim 16, wherein the amino acid is added in an amount sufficient to provide a concentration of from about 100 ppm to about 3.3 weight percent and higher in the aqueous medium under conditions of use. 제13항에 있어서, 염기는 알카리금속 하이드록사이드, 알카리금속 카보네이트, 알카리토 금속 하이드록사이드, 암모늄하이드록사이드와 하이드로카빌아민으로 구성된 군에서 선택됨을 특징으로 하는 방법.The method of claim 13, wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal hydroxides, ammonium hydroxides and hydrocarbylamines. 제13항에 있어서, 염기는 알카리금속 하이드록사이드임을 특징으로 하는 방법.The method of claim 13, wherein the base is an alkali metal hydroxide. 제19항에 있어서, 알카리금속 하이드록사이드는 소듐 하이드록사이드와 포타슘 하이드록사이드로 구성된 군에서 선택됨을 특징으로 하는 방법.20. The method of claim 19, wherein the alkali metal hydroxide is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. 제13항에 있어서, 염기는 사용조건하에서 수형매개체 내에 적어도 pH8.9를 제공하기에 충분한 양으로 첨가됨을 특징으로 하는 방법.The method of claim 13, wherein the base is added in an amount sufficient to provide at least pH8.9 in the aqueous medium under conditions of use. 제21항에 있어서, 염기는 사용조건하에서 수성매개체 내에 약 8.9-약 147의 pH를 제공하기에 충분한 양으로 첨가됨을 특징으로 하는 방법.The method of claim 21, wherein the base is added in an amount sufficient to provide a pH of about 8.9 to about 147 in the aqueous medium under conditions of use. 제13항에 있어서, 수성매개체 내의 pH는, 실온에서 측정했을 때, 약 9.9-약 12임을 특징으로 하는 방법.The method of claim 13, wherein the pH in the aqueous medium is about 9.9-about 12 when measured at room temperature. 제23항에 있어서, 수성매개체 내의 pH는, 실온에서 측정했을 때, 약 10-약 11임을 특징으로 하는 방법.The method of claim 23, wherein the pH in the aqueous medium is about 10-about 11 when measured at room temperature. 제13항에 있어서, 제1철 금속에 대한 부식율은 아미노산 부재하의 부식율과 비교했을 때 약 100-약 1000배로 감소됨을 특징으로 하는 조성물.The composition of claim 13, wherein the corrosion rate for the ferrous metal is reduced by about 100-about 1000 times as compared to the corrosion rate in the absence of amino acids. 제13항에 있어서, 수성매개체는 본질적으로 정적 조건하에 있는 것임을 특징으로 하는 방법.The method of claim 13, wherein the aqueous medium is under essentially static conditions. 제13항에 있어서, 수성매개체는 동적 유동조건하에 있는 것임을 특징으로 하는 방법.The method of claim 13, wherein the aqueous medium is under dynamic flow conditions. 제13항에 있어서, 사용조건하의 수성매개체는 약 25℃-약 90℃의 온도에 있는 것임을 특징으로 하는 방법.The method of claim 13, wherein the aqueous medium under service conditions is at a temperature of about 25 ° C. to about 90 ° C. 15. 제28항에 있어서, 온도는 약 30℃임을 특징으로 하는 방법.29. The method of claim 28, wherein the temperature is about 30 ° C. 제29항에 있어서, 온도는 약 90℃임을 특징으로 하는 방법.30. The method of claim 29, wherein the temperature is about 90 ° C. ※ 참고사항 : 최초출원 내용에 의하여 공개하는 것임.※ Note: The disclosure is based on the initial application.
KR1019920701771A 1990-02-06 1990-08-06 Corrosion Inhibition Composition and Method of Ferrous Metals KR950000908B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US47550690A 1990-02-06 1990-02-06
US475506 1990-02-06
US475,506 1990-02-06
US475,505 1990-02-06
US475505 1990-02-06
US07/475,505 US4971724A (en) 1990-02-06 1990-02-06 Process for corrosion inhibition of ferrous metals
PCT/US1990/004378 WO1991012354A1 (en) 1990-02-06 1990-08-06 Compositions and process for corrosion inhibition of ferrous metals

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KR920703876A true KR920703876A (en) 1992-12-18
KR950000908B1 KR950000908B1 (en) 1995-02-03

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KR1019920701771A KR950000908B1 (en) 1990-02-06 1990-08-06 Corrosion Inhibition Composition and Method of Ferrous Metals

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EP (1) EP0514376B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2823137B2 (en)
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AT (1) ATE196661T1 (en)
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GB9114012D0 (en) * 1991-06-28 1991-08-14 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Amine adducts as corrosion inhibitors
ES2190783T3 (en) * 1992-04-21 2003-08-16 Baker Hughes Inc REACTION PRODUCT WITH NITROGEN BASES AND PHOSPHATE ESTERS WITH CORROSION INHIBITORS.
DE4244031A1 (en) * 1992-12-24 1994-06-30 Bayer Ag Process for the preparation and use of polyaspartic acid and its salts
AU5860194A (en) * 1993-01-18 1994-08-15 Unilever Plc Machine dishwashing composition containing a corrosion inhibitor
US5435941A (en) * 1993-12-17 1995-07-25 University Of Louisville Tobacco extract composition and method
US5531934A (en) * 1994-09-12 1996-07-02 Rohm & Haas Company Method of inhibiting corrosion in aqueous systems using poly(amino acids)
WO1996033953A1 (en) * 1995-04-26 1996-10-31 Albright & Wilson Uk Limited Stain corrosion and scale inhibitors
DE19603027A1 (en) * 1996-01-29 1997-07-31 Baker Hughes Ltd Use of polyaspartic acids modified hydrophobically with amines as corrosion inhibitors in the production of crude oil and natural gas
DE19721346A1 (en) * 1997-05-22 1998-11-26 Henkel Kgaa Use of aspartic acid-containing polymers together with hydroxycarboxylic acids to inhibit corrosion in cooling circuits
US9144538B2 (en) 2013-02-08 2015-09-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Cosmetic compositions containing substituted azole and methods for alleviating the signs of photoaged skin
US9138393B2 (en) 2013-02-08 2015-09-22 The Procter & Gamble Company Cosmetic compositions containing substituted azole and methods for improving the appearance of aging skin

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US3653095A (en) * 1969-06-18 1972-04-04 Rohm & Haas Synergistic combination for inhibiting the attack of alkaline solutions on alkali sensitive substrates
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JPS5091546A (en) * 1973-12-17 1975-07-22
JPS5698482A (en) * 1979-12-31 1981-08-07 Kouriyuu Kogyo Kk Corrosion inhibitor
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EP0514376B1 (en) 2000-09-27
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WO1991012354A1 (en) 1991-08-22
CA2072881C (en) 1999-12-21
CA2072881A1 (en) 1991-08-07
EP0514376A1 (en) 1992-11-25
JP2823137B2 (en) 1998-11-11
ES2152210T3 (en) 2001-02-01
DE69033634D1 (en) 2000-11-02
KR950000908B1 (en) 1995-02-03
DE69033634T2 (en) 2001-05-03
DK0514376T3 (en) 2001-02-05

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