KR20170025875A - 리튬 이차전지 및 그의 구동방법 - Google Patents
리튬 이차전지 및 그의 구동방법 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR20170025875A KR20170025875A KR1020150122950A KR20150122950A KR20170025875A KR 20170025875 A KR20170025875 A KR 20170025875A KR 1020150122950 A KR1020150122950 A KR 1020150122950A KR 20150122950 A KR20150122950 A KR 20150122950A KR 20170025875 A KR20170025875 A KR 20170025875A
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- upper limit
- operating voltage
- positive electrode
- capacity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910015118 LiMO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
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- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- QTHKJEYUQSLYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co]=O.[Ni].[Li] Chemical compound [Co]=O.[Ni].[Li] QTHKJEYUQSLYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OGCCXYAKZKSSGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni]=O.[Mn].[Li] Chemical compound [Ni]=O.[Mn].[Li] OGCCXYAKZKSSGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BVPMZCWLVVIHKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium cobalt(2+) manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Li+] BVPMZCWLVVIHKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
양극활물질인 aLi2MnO3-(1-a)LiMO2의 조성, 활성화(formation) 전압, 및 작동(operation) 전압을 적절하게 제어하여 사이클수 증가에 따른 용량 퇴화를 억제하면서 수명특성을 개선할 수 있는 구동방법을 제공할 수 있게 된다.
Description
Claims (17)
- 양극활물질로서 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 층상 구조의 리튬 화합물을 포함하는 양극; 및 음극;을 구비하며,
양극 전위 기준으로 4.4V 이하의 전압에서 활성화되고, 초기 작동 전압의 상한값이 4.25V 이하이며, 초기 용량 대비 용량 감소율이 5% 이상인 경우 작동 전압의 상한값이 4.25V 이상인 리튬 이차전지:
<화학식 1>
aLi2MnO3-(1-a)LiMO2
식 중,
a는 0.1<a<0.2이고,
M은 Al, Mg, Mn, Ni, Co, Cr, V, 및 Fe으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나의 원소, 또는 2 이상의 원소가 동시에 적용된 것이다. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 초기 작동 전압의 상한값이 4.20V 이하인 리튬 이차전지. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 초기 작동 전압의 상한값이 4.10V 내지 4.20V인 리튬 이차전지. - 제1항에 있어서,
용량 감소시 작동 전압의 상한값이 4.30V 이상인 리튬 이차전지. - 제1항에 있어서,
용량 감소시 작동 전압의 상한값이 4.30V 내지 4.40V인 리튬 이차전지. - 제1항에 있어서,
초기 용량 대비 용량 감소율이 10% 이상인 리튬 이차전지. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 양극활물질이 리튬 코발트 산화물, 리튬 니켈 산화물, 리튬 망간 산화물, 리튬 코발트-니켈 산화물, 리튬 코발트-망간 산화물, 리튬 망간-니켈 산화물, 리튬 코발트-니켈-망간 산화물, 리튬함유 올리빈형 인산염 및 이들에 타원소가 치환 또는 도핑된 산화물로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상의 리튬함유 금속 산화물이 추가적으로 혼합된 것이며, 상기 타원소가 Al, Mg, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, V, Ti, Cu, B, Ca, Zn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sr, Sb, W, Ti 및 Bi로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상인 것인 리튬 이차전지. - 제7항에 있어서,
상기 리튬함유 금속 산화물이 상기 화학식 1로 표시되는 층상 구조의 리튬 화합물 100 중량부에 대하여 50 중량부 이내로 포함되는 것인 리튬 이차전지. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 양극이 도전재를 더 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차전지. - 제9항에 있어서,
상기 도전재의 함량이 상기 화학식 1로 표시되는 층상 구조의 리튬 화합물 100 중량부에 대하여 0.5 내지 15 중량부인 것인 리튬 이차전지. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 양극과 음극 사이에 개재되는 분리막을 더 구비하는 리튬 이차전지. - 제1항에 있어서,
리튬염 함유 비수계 전해액을 더 구비하는 리튬 이차전지. - 양극활물질로서 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 층상 구조의 리튬 화합물을 포함하는 양극; 및 음극;을 구비하며,
양극 전위 기준으로 4.4V 이하의 전압에서 활성화되고, 초기 작동 전압의 상한값이 4.25V 이하이며, 300 내지 2,000 사이클의 충방전 후 작동 전압의 상한값이 4.25V 이상인 리튬 이차전지:
<화학식 1>
aLi2MnO3-(1-a)LiMO2
식 중,
a는 0.1<a<0.2이고,
M은 Al, Mg, Mn, Ni, Co, Cr, V, 및 Fe으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나의 원소, 또는 2 이상의 원소가 동시에 적용된 것이다. - 양극활물질로서 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 층상 구조의 리튬 화합물을 포함하는 양극; 및 음극;을 구비하는 리튬 이차전지의 구동방법으로서,
양극 전위 기준으로 4.4V 이하의 전압에서 활성화하는 단계;
초기 작동 전압의 상한값을 4.25V 이하로 제어하는 단계; 및
초기 용량 대비 용량 감소율이 5% 이상이 되면 작동 전압의 상한값을 4.25V 이상으로 증가시키는 단계;를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지의 구동방법:
<화학식 1>
aLi2MnO3-(1-a)LiMO2
식 중,
a는 0.1<a<0.2이고,
M은 Al, Mg, Mn, Ni, Co, Cr, V, 및 Fe으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나의 원소, 또는 2 이상의 원소가 동시에 적용된 것이다. - 양극활물질로서 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 층상 구조의 리튬 화합물을 포함하는 양극; 및 음극;을 구비하는 리튬 이차전지의 구동방법으로서,
양극 전위 기준으로 4.4V 이하의 전압에서 활성화하는 단계;
초기 작동 전압의 상한값을 4.25V 이하로 제어하는 단계; 및
300 내지 2,000 사이클의 충방전 구동 후, 작동 전압의 상한값을 4.25V 이상으로 증가시키는 단계;를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지의 구동방법:
<화학식 1>
aLi2MnO3-(1-a)LiMO2
식 중,
a는 0.1<a<0.2이고,
M은 Al, Mg, Mn, Ni, Co, Cr, V, 및 Fe으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나의 원소, 또는 2 이상의 원소가 동시에 적용된 것이다. - 제1항 내지 제13항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
상기 리튬 이차전지가 중대형 디바이스의 전원인 전지모듈의 단위전지로 사용되는 것인 리튬 이차전지. - 제16항에 있어서,
상기 중대형 디바이스가 파워 툴(Power Tool); 전기차(Electric Vehicle, EV), 하이브리드 전기차(Hybrid Electric Vehicle, HEV) 및 플러그인 하이브리드 전기차(Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle, PHEV)를 포함하는 전기차; E-bike, E-scooter를 포함하는 전기 이륜차; 전기 골프 카트(Electric Golf Cart); 전기 트럭; 전기 상용차; 또는 전력 저장용 시스템인 것인 리튬 이차전지.
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